FGM in Egypt COUNTRY BRIEFING

www.thegirlgeneration.org

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 2

It ai to upport acti i t , ca paign r and gra root organi ation ith th ir ad ocac , ducation and a ar n rai ing or , a ll a gi ing a

uic o r i o th act or ournali t and int rnational organi ation or ing on th i u It co pli nt xi ting in or ation a out in g pt and ai to nth i and ring in or ation tog th r into on

plac

hi ri ng i an outco o h irl n ration d r i and con ultation ith xp rt and ta hold r in g pt, and ring in th lat t r arch a aila l ro oth r ourc nal i and r co ndation r ct th i o ta hold r in g pt, not o h irl n ration alon

About th is Br ief ing

About The G irl Generat ion: Together to End FGMh irl n ration i a co unication initiati , pro iding a glo al pla or or gal ani ing,

catal ing and a pli ing th rica l d o nt to nd , uilding on hat ha alr ad n achi d to in pir organi ation and indi idual , p ciall outh, acro th

o t a ct d countri in rica and ond, to nd in on g n ration

Egypt at a glance FGM Classifications in Egypt FGM in Egypt - the numbers Prevalance of different types of FGM Who is performing FGM and why National laws and policies National framework Communication on FGM Emerging issues and trends Gaps and opportunities

This country briefing provides up-to-date and easy-to-use facts and figures about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Egypt

I n th is Br ief ing

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 3

Total Populat ion

MILLION

40%10-20 YEARS ARABIC

ISLAM

CHRISTIAN92.4%

86.1%

90.2

90%10%

Rel ig ion

major Languages

youth L i teracy Rate

(STATE RELIGION)

(2015)

16.6%

(2012)

ch i ld marr iage before age 1 8

Predominantly Sunni

Including Coptic, Catholic, Orthodox,

Anglican

MALE FEMALE

15-24yrs

FRENCHENGLISH

(official)

(2012)

What is FGM? , al o r rr d to a al nital Cu ng ( C), co pri all proc dur that in ol partial or

total r o al o th xt rnal al g nitalia, or oth r in ur to th al g nital organ or non dical r a on i a or o iol nc again t o n and girl In , th pa d a r olution calling or a glo al an on h int rnational co unit r c ntl r ol d to li inat a part o th u taina l lop nt oal ( ) ( arg t )

WHO classification of the types of female genital mutilation:1

Type I:O n r rr d to a clitoridectomy, thi i th partial or total r o al o th clitori (a all,

n iti and r ctil part o th al g nital ), and in r rar ca , onl th pr puc (th old o in urrounding th clitori )

Type II:O n r rr d to a excision, thi i th partial or total r o al o th clitori and th la ia inora (th inn r old o th ul a), ith or ithout xci ion o th la ia a ora (th out r old o in o th ul a)

Type III:O n r rr d to a infibulation, thi i th narro ing o th aginal op ning through th cr ation o a co ring al h al i or d cu ng and r po itioning th la ia inora, or la ia

a ora, o ti through titching, ith or ithout r o al o th clitori (clitorid cto )

Type IV:hi includ all oth r har ul proc dur to th al g nitalia or non dical purpo , g pric ing, pi rcing, inci ing, craping and caut ri ing th g nital ar a

EGYPT AT A GLANCE

4

6

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 4

1959

198 1

1990

20 13

20 14

2008

2007

20 16

Key events in the Movement to end FGM

i outla d in g pt

u to a nu r o d ath o girl und rgoing , nal Cod i a nd d to a a lon and incr a p nalti

ini tr o u lic alth i u a d cr again t in ulation ( p III )

ati cation o th Con ntion o th ight o th Child

cr pa d or idding ing p r or d in go rn nt

ho pital and pri at clinic ational Council or Childhood

and oth rhood launch d

ational Council or Childhood and oth rhood d lop

r illag od l

ir t con iction o a doctor or p r or ing Con titution o g pt i

d lop d thi i a d on I la ic haria principl and co it to

nding all or o di cri ination and iol nc again t o n, and to

achi ing ualit t n n and o n

g pt rati th Con ntion or th li ination o ll or o i cri ination gain t o n, ho r do

o ith r r ation tating that I la ic haria ta pr c d nc

ational a orc gain t ta li h d to conduct r arch,

upport n t or , and ncourag dialogu on

ational Council or o n ta li h d r id ntial d cr

C ai i to addr i u ac d g ptian o n

including and oth r or o g nd r a d iol nc

g ptian ini tr o alth and opulation ( O O) an dical

practition r ro p r or ing

1994

1996

2000

2003

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 5

GREATEST NUMBER OF WOMEN & G IRLS

FGM IS H IGHLY MED I CAL ISED

OVER MILLIONWOMEN & GIRLS17FGM

PREVALENCE

87%

70% GIRLS ARE CUT BETWEEN THE AGES OF 9-12 YEARS

WHO HAVE EXPER IENCED FGM IN ANY COUNTRY IN AFR I CA

NEARLY 4 OUT OF 5 INCIDENCES OF FGM ARE PERFORMED BY A HEALTH PROFESSIONAL THIS HAS INCREASED FROM 1 IN EVERY 2 INCIDENCES IN 1995

OVER

FGM IN EGYPT - THE NUMBERS

7

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 6

54% of the population support the continuation of FGM

FGM IS H IGHEST AMONGST POOREST GROUPS AND MORE PREVALENT IN RURAL AREAS

Almost half ofthe populationwant FGM to end

HOWEVER, PREVALENCE IS NOT DECREAS ING AT THE SAME RATE AS ATT I TUDES TOWARDS FGM

SUPPORT FOR END ING FGM HAS INCREASED OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS

FGM IN EGYPT - THE NUMBERS

8

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 7

PREVALENCE OF FGM ACCORD ING TO PLACE OF RES IDENCE

URBAN GOVERNORATES - 74.5%

CAIRO

UPPER EGYPT - 92.1%

FRONTIER GOVERNORATESLOWER EGYPT - 86.9% No reliable data

86.9%

74.5%

92.1%

ap data pro id d oo an

PREVALENCE BY LOCAT ION

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 8

FGM is a deeply rooted cultural practice in Egypt.

Why FGM is performed

Co unit ti ar r trong, ith a gr at d al o ocial pr ur a ach d to th continuation o nor and alu , and i portanc plac d on r putation o th a il in th o n igh our and th co unit i part o th nor

Marr iage in g pt i o n p r or d a a an to

control o n xualit and to n ur that th ir irginit r ain intact until arriag In

an co uniti , i a pr r ui it or arriag a a a to n ur that a o an

irtu i un l i h d

C ult ure and my t h continu to n a a girl initiation

into o anhood th urrounding th practic al o p rp tuat it on xa pl in

g pt i that a clitori ill gro to th i o a p ni i i not p r or d

H ygie ne and aes t he t i cs In o co uniti , xt rnal al g nitalia ar con id r d dirt and unh gi nic, a ll a ugl and unapp aling i practic d o co uniti in g pt, particularl or a u nt on , to a g nital n at r and or a th ticall app aling

Rel igio us reaso ns lthough i not ndor d ith r I la or

Chri tianit (th a or r ligion in g pt), r ligiou doctrin i o n u d to u ti th practic

Se xual pur i t yI portant to g ptian n i th conc pt o

ua a (prot ction) and an n i a part o prot cting o n and th ir a il again t

o n ing o r x d ccording to th g pt alth I u ur , o n and o

o n li that pr nt adult r

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 9

Nat ional framework

NGOs Coalition Against FGM/C an xp rt n t or ound d in , ad up o o r organi ation ro ariou ctor hich ad o cat to nd through

a ar n rai ing and ngag nt ith th dical ctor

nu r o INGOs ar acti l or ing to nd in g pt and ha n doing o or an ar th includ lan In t rnational, Carita , irl ot rid , and

an oth r

Population Council ha conduct d a gr at d al o r arch on in g pt, including it 2016 report on th dicali ation o th practic

A number of government institutions have contributed to the campaign to end FGM in EgyptMinistry of Health and Population ha pla d an in tru ntal rol in cha pioning th anti dicali ation

o nt

h UN agencies upporting th a andon nt o ar th , IC and th orld alth

Or gani ation h IC oint rogra on C i r acti in g pt

The National Population Council r pon i l or d loping th ational trat g or th andon nt o C in , and or th a tional dia Ca paign in ntitl d nough , and ta li hing octor

gain t

National Council for Childhood and Motherhood n hrin d th Con titution a an ind p nd nt council or ing to nd

Approaches to end ing FGM in Egypt

Ant i-Med ical isat ion h ational opulation Council ta li h d octor gain t

hich or to rai a ar n a ong t th dical co unit a out th har o hi approach i gaining o traction acro th countr ollo ing a ting organi d

and th ra tat gional Offic , hich di cu d th rol o doctor in co a ng , th g ptian octor

ndicat r l a d a tat nt d claring a co it nt to ta part in co unit a ar n progra , to ducat doctor on th l gal ra or around and to pla an acti rol in nding

Rel ig ious Leaders engagement h C ntr or g ptian o n gal i tanc (C )

ha n r acti in ngaging r ligiou l ad r to co chang ag nt in g pt C ha i pl nt d a nu r o training progra ith i a and pri t , hich includ di cu ion on hat i , it har ul ct , and th pot ntial o r ligiou l ad r to r duc pr al nc

The Egyptian Doctors

Syndicate released a statement

declaring a commitment to

ending FGM

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 10

l i ion i o r h l ingl th o t popular diu or co unication in g pt it i

atch d at an al o t uni r al rat acro th countr ar old ith ini al arianc acro d ographic group li g ograph or

alth In , o o n and o n ho had r c i d in or ation a out

r c i d it ia t l i ion, a ing it on o th o t ital r ourc or th nd o nt in th

countr ational opulation Council ha ad th o t o thi r ourc through it ational dia

Ca paign o , nough a t l i ion ad rti ing ca paign

it rac i not uni r al in g pt, ith o n a ing up th di proportionat a ount o th

illit rat population a r ult, and id o ar to r aching th o n h O Coalition

gain t C i highl acti on ocial dia

Commun icat ion on FGM

Emerg ing Issues & Trends

med ical isat ion of FGM h dicali ation o i an rging

and incr a ing tr nd in g pt dicali ation i d n d ing carri d out h alth p r onn l and or in a h alth acilit O o n in g pt ag d ho ha und rgon , o r ha had it p r or d a doctor, nur or oth r

dical pro ional co par thi again t girl ag d and th rat o dicali ation incr a to ho ing a ar d tr nd to ard th practic ing p r or d

dical practition r octor gain t , a progra run th ational opulation Council in partn r hip ith th ini tr o

alth and opulation and , r port that doctor o n l arn dir ctl ro a a , or traditional practition r , ho ha no or al dical training

T.V. Advertising

80.6% of women and 90.3% of men who had received

information about FGM received it via television

and a good u o id o a an inclu i a to har tori and ngag ith p opl ro all

ac ground in g pt

ocial dia al o pla a larg rol in ocial and political o nt in g pt it pla d an in tru ntal rol during th ra pring and continu to a diu u d o t r u ntl outh

FGM in Egypt: Country Briefing www.thegirlgeneration.org

PG 11

h g ptian go rn nt ha a pt d to t th dicali ation o in g pt through th

an again t p r or ing in a go rn nt ho pital or clinic and th lan t an on

ut loophol till xi t that allo th practic to continu h la r uir that dical pro ional r port an ca o that th co acro , ho r th r i till no la p ci ing that p r or ing con titut a dical

alpractic dical pro ional , p ciall tho in rural ar a , ha cono ic pr ur hich

ncourag th to continu th practic th d p nd on ing acc pt d in co uniti to ha n pati nt and th r or th ir li lihood I a doctor i not illing to p r or , a ili could

o to a n doctor or rural doctor , nding an pu ng our li lihood at ta

h r ar till loophol in th la that allo th practic to continu hi i a gap that octor

gain t Cu ng, I O and oth r group ar or ing to clo through n iti ation training ith

dical pro ional , a ll a ith co unit group uch o th or d un th th that

i a i it i p r or d a doctor h r i no dical proc dur or that a doctor can train d in th practic ill al a i pro i d and th r or un a

Gaps and Opportun it i es

References

O act h t h p ho int diac ntr act h t n u an lop nt port h p g undp org cont nt g pt n ho countr in o

ht l CI orld act oo h p cia go li rar pu lication th orld act oo g o g ht l h p g undp org cont nt g pt n ho countr in o ht l IC h p unic org in o countr g pt tati tic ht l IC h p unic org in o countr g pt tati tic ht l oo an g pt Countr ro l h p too an org dia upload g pt countr pro l nal

co pr d pd IC h p unic org in o countr g pt tati tic ht l oo an Countr ro l on g pt

h p dition cnn co a rica a rica i g pt g ind x ht l• ront co r i ag athilda hoo ia n pla h• ac co r i ag i on o t ia n pla h

igh l l o outh ngag nt in g ptian politic pr nt an opportunit to nd oung g ptian ar acti participant in political

proc and pla d a l ad rol in th ra pring o nt h ar ll conn ct d ia ocial dia

and an ull ngag in int rnational and r gional dialogu h ir o ili ation in th ca paign to nd

could r ap r ard

www.thegirlgeneration.orgDEVELOPED NOVEMBER 2018

www.thegirlgeneration.org

How to get involved

Become a member

Follow updates on Soc ial Med ia

TheGirlGen

@TheGirlGen

thegirlgen