Fgd- Chapter 2 Update

the human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path

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Geometry Sensors:

Locomotion Sensors

describes the application of wearable comput-ing devices. This will enable wireless communica-tion between several miniaturized Body Sensor Units (BSU) and a single Body Central Unit (BCU) worn at the human body

ConceptThe rapid growth in physiological sensors, low

power integrated circuits and wireless communication has enabled a new generation of wireless sensor net-works. These wireless sensor networks are used to monitor traffi c, crops, infrastructure and health. The Body Area Network fi eld is an interdisciplinary area which could allow inexpensive and continuous health monitoring with real-time updates of medical records via Internet. A number of intelligent physiological sen-sors can be integrated into a wearable wireless body area network, which can be used for computer assist-ed rehabilitation or early detection of medical condi-tions.

ComponentsA typical BAN or BSN requires vital sign moni-

toring sensors, motion detectors (through accelerom-eters) to help identify the location of the monitored in-dividual and some form of communication, to transmit vital sign and motion readings to medical practitioners or care givers. A typical Body Area Network kit will con-sist of sensors, a Processor, a transceiver and a bat-tery. Physiological sensors, such as ECG and SpO2 sensors, have been developed. Other sensors such as a blood pressure sensor, EEG sensor and a PDA for BSN interface are under development. Morphing

CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01

MMALV

Relative sizes of Mini-Whegs™

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Geometry Sensors:

Micro Air-Land Vehicle

Basic MMALV Performance Specifi cationsMMALV was developed to improve near- and

medium fi eld reconnaissance for ground based mili-tary personnel (warfi ghters). To fulfi ll its proposed mis-sion MMALV must fl y over 1.6km to a target zone and land on a building

Design specifi cations arise from the vehicle’s intended function. To enhance stealth and be trans-portable by a single soldier the platform should be small (wingspan <30.5cm) and light (weight < 450g). To maximize indoor reconnaissance capabilities, it is also desirable that the vehicle be capable of reconfi g-uring upon landing, thus decreasing its overall dimen-sions.

Mini-Whegs™ robots currently offer the best combination of speed, mobility, durability, autonomy, and payload in a micro robot. With a top speed of 10 body lengths per second, Mini-Whegs™ are sig-nifi cantly faster than most other legged robots. The wheel-leg appendage results in a natural “high step-ping” behavior, allowing the robot to surmount rela-tively large obstacles.

The robots have tumbled down concrete stairs and been dropped from heights of over 10 body lengths, without damage. Mini-Whegs™ robots have also carried over twice their body weight in payload, ensuring that they will be able to support the UF-MAV airframe.


Magnetism

Infrared Proximity Sensor

Geometry Sensors:

Electronic Proximity Sensors

According to the operating principle, electronic proximity sensors can be divided into the following categories:

• inductive;Inductive proximity sensors are suii-table for the detection of metallic elements.

• capacitive; Capacitive proximity sensors make use of the variation of the parasitic capacity that devel-ops between the sensor and the object to be detected. When the object is at a pre-determined distance from the sensitive side of the sensor, an electronic circuit inside the sensor begins to oscillate.

• photoelectric; Photoelectric proximity sensors use physical properties of lightsensitive elements, changing their electrical features according to light in-tensity.

• magnetic effect; The magnetic effect electron-ic sensors uses a physical property called Hall effect..


Hall Switch

Hall Sensor Connection Diagram

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Geomtry Sensors:

Differential Hall Switch for Position Sensing

iC-MZ is an integrated device consisting of a differential Hall switch with back-end complementary line drivers. The two integrated Hall sensors are set 2 mm apart and sense the difference in magnetic fi eld. Magnetic DC fi elds are not evaluated; this means that besides the direct scanning of magnetic pole wheels with an additional bias magnet ferromagnetic gear wheels can also be detected. The magnetic input frequencies range from DC to 40 kHz. Magnetic DC fi elds of up to 500 mT are tolerated.


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Encoder

sine/cosine signal interpolation

Geometry Sensors :

Rotary Encoder Kit

The rotary encoder modules can be used for sensing motor’s position and velocity. It can be con-nected to any microcontroller via the 3 pin header. The optical beam sensor detects missing slots of the slot-ted disc, and generates a pulse train. These modules require +5V and GND to power them, and provide a 0V to 5V output. They provide +5V output when their beam is blocked, and a 0V output when their beam is unblocked. Your microcontroller can simply read the 0-5-0V pulse train to determine how far your motor has traveled and how fast.

The Solarbotics Wheel Watcher Rotation En-coder is specially designed by Nubotics to retrofi t to our GM2, GM3, GM8 or GM9 gear motors (RB-Sbo-01/02/06/07). If you need to control a robot for dead reckoning, tracking odometry (distance trav-eled), stalled motor, or closing the feedback loop for position/velocity/acceleration, this is your solution.


Precision Velocity Sensor

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Geomtry Sensors:

Precision Velocity Sensor

Precision Velocity Sensors Reduce Waste and Costs INTACTON’s COVIDIS velocity sensors pro-

vide highly accurate speed and length measurements for production of continuous goods like cable, non-wo-ven’s, paper, etc. Based on a unique high-precision, non-contacting optical imaging technology, COVIDIS sensors can measure the velocity of almost any mate-rial, regardless of surface texture.


Linear Position Sensor

Parallax Linescan Imaging Sensors

Geometry Sensors :

Linear Position Sensor

Absolute Encoders with Draw WireMeasuring Distance up to 2.1m (~82 inches)Up to 0.35μm Resolution (~0.014mil)Analog Interface = String Pot ReplacementHigh Cycle Reliability (1 Mio. Extenstions)Abrasion-Free Measurement for Long LifeSerial & Bus Interfaces: SSI, CANopen

For the measurement of linear movements or linear displacements, an absolute magnetic rotary en-coder can be combined with a draw wire sensor.

Applications:• Detection of objects, edges, gaps, holes, liq-

uid levels, etc.• Non-contact measurement of height, width,

diameter, positionThe Parallax Linescan Imaging Sensor Daugh-

terboard TSL1401 provides one-dimensional sight to almost any microcontroller. It is designed for plug-in compatibility with Parallax’s BS2pe Motherboard but can be used with other BASIC Stamp modules, the Parallax Propeller, the SX, PICs, and AVRs. It is a platform suitable not only for evaluating TAOS’s TSL1401R imaging chip, but also for incorporation into OEM products. It is also made for hobbyist, ro-botic, and educational platforms.


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connection diagram

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Geomtry Sensors:

Absolute Position Sensor

Encoders with DeviceNet Interface:Direct Integration into OMRON, Allen Bradley /

RockwellVarious Mechanical OptionsProgrammable ResolutionPreset Value (Homing / Zeroing)Multi-turn SensingTransmission Modes: Polled, Change of State,

or Cyclic


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lSeedstudio Digital Tilt Sensor

Accelens inclinometer

Geometry Sensors :

Inclinometer

vPOSITAL has introduced ACCELENS (ACS), a new line of low-cost inclinometers that provide both analog and digital outputs. These versatile devices are available in a wide range of confi gurations designed to satisfy almost any requirements. Two-axis versions measure angular displacements of up to ±80º in both axes, while single axis models have a range of 0-360º and can be used as replacements for single-turn po-tentiometers or rotary encoders. Both versions are compact and easy to install. Unique factory calibration ensures accuracy and linearity of ±0.15º over their en-tire range.

This is the Seeedstudio Digital Tilt Sensor. The maximum contact resistance of this sensor is 2 Ohm measured at 45° tilt. This sensor has a maximum switch rating of less than 6mA/24VDC and the electri-cal life endurance of more than 50,000 cycles. The operating temperature is from 0° to +100°C


Motion Sensor application in wind turbines

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Geomtry Sensors:

Motion Sensor

FRABA’s OPTIPACT motion sensors measure velocity by calculating the rate at which an image of a moving surface travels across an optical sensor. With no contact between the sensor and the moving object, dust or surface contaminates won’t cause problems. OPTIPACT sensors provide an ideal way of determin-ing rotor speed in wind turbines: just measure the ve-locity with which part of the rotor (e.g. nose cone or shaft) moves past a point on the body of the turbine..

The SFE Ardupilot Sensor Board - Single Axis Gyroscope (Daughter) is the daughter board for the ArduPilot 6DOF. By itself, this board works as a very small single axis gyro breakout board. This board can be connected to an ArduPilot 6DOF main board to add an axis of angular velocity data


Old school goniometer

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Gyro Breakout Board

Servo Controller

Geometry Sensors :

Gyroscope

The SFE Gyro Breakout Board - ADXRS610 ±300°/sec is a complete angular rate sensor (gyro-scope) that uses the Analog Devices, Inc. surface-micromachining process to create a functionally com-plete and low cost angular rate sensor integrated with all required electronics on one chip. The manufactur-ing technique for this device is the same high volume BiMOS process used for high reliability automotive airbag accelerometers.

The Phidgets 1 Motor USB Servo Controller (High Current) allows controlling the position, velocity, and acceleration of one RC servo motor. The 1066 is powered solely by the USB cable – no additional power source is required.


tachometer

Motor Controller

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Geomtry Sensors:

Tachometer

A tachometer (also called a revolution-counter, “Tach”, rev-counter, or RPM gauge) is an instrument that measures the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a cali-brated analogue dial, but digital displays are increas-ingly common

The Solutions Cubed Motor Mind B Enhanced Motor Controller 2A 6V-36V is for small brushed DC motors, 6-36V, 2.0A continuous, 6A peak. Motor speed and direction can be controlled with 255 discrete steps in both directions. The Solutions Cubed Motor Mind B Enhanced Motor Controller 2A 6V-36V is ideal for use with small robotic systems. Over current and overtem-perature protection are built into the MMBe.


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Multiple sensors on one board

Geometry Sensors :

9 degrees of freedom Sensor

The 9DOF Razor IMU incorporates four sen-sors - an LY530AL (single-axis gyro), LPR530AL (dual-axis gyro), ADXL345 (triple-axis accelerometer), and HMC5843 (triple-axis magnetometer) - to give you nine degrees of inertial measurement. The outputs of all sensors are processed by an on-board ATmega328 and output over a serial interface. With the work of Jordi Munoz and many others, the 9DOF Razor can become an Attitude and Heading Reference System. This enables the 9DOF Razor to become a very pow-erful control mechanism for UAVs, autonomous ve-hicles and image stabilization systems..


Pressure Sensor

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Geomtry Sensors:

Compact Pressure Sensor

Pneumatic Sensors

Festo is pleased to announce the addition of the Com-pact Pressure Sensor SPAB to our product offering.

This inexpensive, compact pressure sensor is unique in its outstanding ease of operation and compact size. It’s simple to set up, install, and commission.

The D11 version of the SCP1000 is similar to the D01, but it communicates via a two-wire (I2C) in-terface, rather than SPI. The SCP1000 is the fi rst ab-solute pressure sensor on the market to use MEMS technology.

This component is a surface mountable device incorporating a circular vertical wall for easy water-proof sealing. This sensor comes in a newly devel-oped plastic housing. Normal hot-air rework will de-stroy this sensor.


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Xsens

Geometry Sensors :

3D Tracking

Xsens offers small and highly accurate 3D mo-tion tracking products based on miniature Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems inertial sensor (IMU) technology.

Products include miniature Attitude and Heading Ref-erence Systems, motion capture solutions and motion tracker kits. Xsens products are widely used in the Industrial, Entertainment, Training & Simulation and Movement Science segments.

Xsens MVN Motion Capture solution consists of inertial sensors attached to the body by a lycra suit (also available in straps). Xsens MVN gives you free-dom of movement because MVN uses no cameras. It is a fl exible and portable Motion Capture system that can be used indoors and outdoors, not only on-set in the studio but also outside. Xsens MVN requires mini-mal clean-up of captured data as there is no occlu-sion or marker swapping. The ease of use and short calibration time allows you to set up the system in less than 15 minutes.


Fgd- Chapter 2 Update

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