Fertiliser Use in Ireland 2005 - 2015 · 2005 - 2015 Teagasc National Farm Survey David P. Wall &...

Fertiliser Use in Ireland

2005 - 2015 Teagasc National Farm Survey

David P. Wall & Emma J. Dillon

Brain Moran , John Lennon & Cathal Buckley

Teagasc, Rural Economy & Development Programme, Athenry

Teagasc, Crops, Environment & Land-use Prog., Johnstown Castle

[email protected]

[email protected]

Outline

Introduction

Teagasc National Farm Survey

Presentation of Results

Demand Drivers 2005-2015

Results Overview

Conclusions/Recommendations

Dillon & Wall_Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017, 2

National Farm Survey Background and Objectives

• Provide Statutory Irish Data to EU Commission (FADN).

• Determine Output, Costs, Incomes By Farm System(6), Size(7)

& Regions.

• Provide database of micro data on Irish agriculture for

Research, Policy analysis & Stakeholders.

• Measure variation in technical and financial performance for

farm management/advisory purposes.


NFS: The process

Farms visits 2-3 times per year – dedicated data collection team.

National population from CSO – weighting system.

Farm selection is random.

• Within size class and system as deemed necessary.

• About 10% of the sample changes each year.

• Constant Sub-sample – 80% on for 4 years or more in 2015.

Farmer participation is voluntary and unpaid.

Dillon & Wall _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017 4

NFS Methodology

Farms assigned to six farm systems on the basis of farm gross output, as calculated on a standard output basis.

• Dairy, Cattle Rearing, Cattle Other, Sheep, Tillage & Mixed Livestock.

Standard output measures are applied to each animal and crop output on the farm and only farms with a standard output of €8,000 are included in the sample.

The forthcoming report on fertiliser use 2005-2015 presents TNFS data weighed to the national population.

• More representative.

• Standardised approach internationally.

TNFS sample change 2011 – weightings applied.


Estimated 2015 Farm Population Distribution

Size (ha) <10 10-20 20-30 30-50 50-100 >100 Total

% of farms

Dairy - 0.8 2 6 7.3 1.4 18.5

Cattle Rearing - 3.2 7.4 7.6 2.4 0.2 23.4

Cattle Other - 6.8 6.4 8.5 5.5 1 30.6

Sheep - 2.7 2.6 3.8 2.5 0.3 15.1

Tillage 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.6 1 6

Mixed Livestock - 0.3 0.7 1.2 2.2 0.7 6.1

All 0.2 14.6 20 28.5 21.5 4.6 100

Source: Central Statistics Office


Fertiliser Use Data in the NFS

Types and quantities of chemical fertiliser used on-farm.

• Grassland – Grazing, Silage, Hay

• Crops – cereals, roots

Information on livestock numbers, farm system and land use class.

Possible to examine the relationship between N, P and K usage

and factors such as geographic region, farm size, system, stocking

rate and soil use class.

Environmental Scheme Participation.


Validation of Results

Wall & Dillon _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017, 8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Nati

on

al F

ert

ilis

er

sale

s (

'000 t

on

nes)

N_DAFM P_DAFM K_DAFM

N_NFS P_NFS K__NFS

N, P and K Fertilisers 2005 -2015

National Sales (DAFM) vs. NFS survey (Teagasc)

Presentation of Results

Wall & Dillon _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017 9

Nitrates Directive Fertiliser Management Zones

Land Use Class

Farm System

Grassland

Crops

Agri-Environment Schemes

Factors driving fertiliser use

Farming Intensity

• Farming enterprise and system

• Stocking-rate intensity

Fertiliser Price

Farm Gate Prices

Weather

Nutrient Advice

Environment Regulation

Land Use Class (soil type)

Other (e.g. schemes, incentives etc.)



Farming Intensity: e.g. Dairy

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Dairy population distribution by stocking rate band (kg/ha Org.N) (2005-2015)

< 85 85-130 130-170 170-210 > 210


Fertiliser Price

Wall & Dillon _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017, 13

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Milk Cattle Sheep Cereals

Agricultural Output Price Indices (Base 2005 = 100)


Weather (Rainfall)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Rain

fall (

mm

)

2009 2012 average 2005-2015

Average cumulative rainfall from synoptic Met Eireann weather stations

0

25000

50000

75000

100000

125000

150000

175000Nitrogen (N)

Phosphorus (P)

Potassium (K)

175000

225000

275000

325000

375000

425000

475000

175000

N, P & K Fertiliser use 1990 - 2015 N

ati

on

al F

ert

ilis

er

Us

e (

kg

)

EU

Nit

rate

s D

ire

cti

ve

Le

gis

lati

on

Source: DAFM

All farms ~428,300 soil samples

12 14 14 15 22 23

30 27 27 30 35%

28 26 25 26

28 29

29 28 27

30 27%

29 30 29

28

25 25

23 24 24

22 22%

30 30 33 31 25 22

18 21 22 18 15%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Perc

en

tag

e o

f sam

ple

s i

n e

ach

P i

nd

ex

Index 4(High)

Index 3(Optimum)

Index 2(Low)

Index 1(V.Low)

National Soil P Fertility trends

Lower N

fertiliser and

slurry nutrient

efficiency

Reducing legacy soil P

risk

Source:

Wall 2016 -Teagasc

Wall & Dillon _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017,


National Soil K Fertility trends

10 11 10 10 8 13 12 11 11 13 15%

30 31 31 33 37

41 40 40 38 37

40%

29 27 27 28

31

26 28 28 29 27

26%

31 32 32 29 25 20 20 21 23 22 19%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Perc

en

tag

e o

f sam

ple

s i

n e

ach

K i

nd

ex

Index 4(High)

Index 3(Optimum)

Index 2(Low)

Index 1 (V.Low)

All farms ~428,300 soil samples

Source:

Wall 2016 -Teagasc


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 12% 11% 13% 16% 14% 15% 18% 14% 18% 16% 16%

Dairy 28% 25% 27% 34% 25% 35% 40% 29% 42% 41% 35%

Sheep 17% 18% 20% 26% 21% 14% 20% 13% 24% 24% 19%

Tillage 30% 14% 21% 23% 20% 20% 27% 27% 36% 32% 28%

All Systems 18% 16% 18% 22% 18% 21% 25% 19% 26% 24% 21%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

% of Farms

Lime: use by Farm System


Fertiliser Use:

Grassland - Grazing


Grassland: N for grazing by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 50 48 44 32 42 46 37 37 47 42 39

Dairy 152 150 131 111 129 128 127 124 140 139 129

Sheep 48 52 44 30 33 38 30 30 33 33 30

Tillage 80 77 68 59 65 56 47 52 66 50 49

All Systems 82 81 72 57 68 70 63 62 72 67 63

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Nitrogen (kg/ha)


Grassland: P for grazing by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 6 5 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 4 4

Dairy 10 10 6 4 4 5 5 5 7 9 9

Sheep 6 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 5

Tillage 8 7 8 4 3 4 4 5 6 6 5

All Systems 7 7 5 3 3 4 3 4 5 5 5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Phosphorus (kg/ha)

Dairy: P Advice for maintenance at 2 cows per ha

Drystock : P Advice for maintenance at 2 cows per ha

Wall & Dillon _Fertiliser Association of Ireland Workshop_Kildalton College. May 4th 2017 ,

22

Grassland: K for grazing by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 13 12 10 6 6 8 6 7 8 10 9

Dairy 22 20 15 10 9 11 12 12 17 20 21

Sheep 10 9 8 5 4 6 4 6 7 8 9

Tillage 18 21 18 13 8 12 11 13 15 15 14

All Systems 15 14 12 7 6 9 8 8 11 12 12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Potassium (kg/ha)

Dairy: K Advice for maintenance at 2 cows per ha

Drystock : K Advice for maintenance at 2 cows per ha


Grassland: N, P, K for grazing by Farm System

Year Stocking Rate

(kg/ha Org N)

Farms

No.

Pop.

No.

Pop.

%

N (kg/ha)

P (kg/ha)

K (kg/ha) Area

2005 < 85 17 923 5% 44 4 8 42

2005 85-130 74 4022 20% 90 8 18 34

2005 130-170 165 7087 36% 135 9 20 42

2005 170-210 124 5079 25% 192 11 24 39

2005 > 210 67 2847 14% 260 17 35 30

2010 < 85 18 1811 9% 39 2 5 30

2010 85-130 66 4306 22% 82 4 10 39

2010 130-170 130 7107 36% 127 5 12 41

2010 170-210 83 4244 21% 163 5 13 38

2010 > 210 49 2489 12% 203 5 9 39

2015 < 85 10 1073 6% 29 2 4 48

2015 85-130 55 3887 21% 73 6 13 39

2015 130-170 115 5443 29% 130 9 21 44

2015 170-210 104 4942 27% 164 10 27 43

2015 > 210 63 3216 17% 188 10 25 33


Fertiliser Use:

Grassland - Silage


Grassland: N for Silage by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 94 93 84 79 91 93 88 84 100 88 80

Dairy 142 144 129 123 137 153 141 130 152 147 144

Sheep 88 90 85 77 78 83 75 74 89 90 80

Tillage 95 109 109 95 109 116 97 93 130 117 98

All Systems 111 114 101 96 109 118 107 102 121 111 104

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

Nitrogen (kg/ha)

N Advice for 1st Cut Silage yielding 5 t/ha Dry Matter


Grassland: P for Silage by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 12 11 10 7 7 9 9 9 11 11 10

Dairy 13 12 10 7 7 8 7 8 11 12 11

Sheep 10 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 12 13 12

Tillage 10 10 11 8 7 11 10 12 14 13 13

All Systems 12 11 9 7 7 9 8 9 11 11 11

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Phosphorus (kg/ha)

P Advice for maintenance of 1st Cut Silage yielding 5 t/ha Dry Matter


Grassland: K for Silage by Farm System

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 34 32 30 21 21 26 24 25 31 29 30

Dairy 43 37 30 26 20 25 24 24 33 38 36

Sheep 30 26 25 25 20 22 23 25 33 32 31

Tillage 27 35 33 29 22 33 29 37 40 40 42

All Systems 37 33 29 23 21 25 24 25 32 33 33

0

25

50

75

100

125

Potassium (kg/ha)

K Advice for 1st Cut Silage yielding 5 t/ha Dry Matter


Grassland: top 20 Fertilisers by Quantity fert - type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CAN 27 - 0- 0 28.2 32.2 35.2 40.7 49.3 45.6 45 41.8 39.1 34 32.4

27 - 2.5 - 5 26 24.7 22.8 18.9 14.7 12.6 12.7 16 15 14.1 14.2

24 - 2.5 - 10 15.7 14.2 13.7 12.8 9.5 11 10.9 11.5 13.2 11.8 13

18 - 6 - 12 7.8 8 7.6 6 5.3 6.5 5.5 5.9 8.1 11 11.5

Urea 46 - 0 - 0 7.5 7.2 6.7 10 10.2 9.3 9.7 7.9 6 6.6 6.6

10 - 10 - 20 2.1 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.8 3.1 3

N 23 - 0 - 0 0.6 0.7 0.6 1 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.8 2 1.8 2.4

23 - 2.5 - 5 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.6 2.3 2 1.6 2.2

24 - 2.2 - 4.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.2 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.2 1.5

19 - 0 - 15 0.1 0.3 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.2

0 - 7 - 30 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8

26 - 0 - 0 - 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 1 0.9 0.6

MOP 0 - 0 - 50 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5

20 - 2 - 12 - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.5

20 - 4 - 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5

24 - 2 - 5 - - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.5

21 - 0 - 0 0.1 - - - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 - 0.5 0.4

23 - 2.5 - 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 0.3 0.4

Other 7.7 6.3 6.9 5.8 6.1 6.6 5.2 5.6 6.7 7.6 7.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Fertiliser Use:

Crops


Crops: N on cereals by Land-use Class

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Limited 118 106 129 110 93 111 96 108 99 120 110

Somewhat Limited 141 144 149 131 146 134 136 144 139 143 144

Moderately Limited 146 146 156 149 142 138 141 146 151 155 160

Wide 142 140 141 128 135 152 155 144 144 143 157

All Soils 143 143 146 133 137 147 150 148 147 150 158

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

Nitrogen (kg/ha)


Crops: P on cereals by Land-use Class

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Limited 26 21 23 24 19 25 25 28 34 28 36



Wide 28 26 23 23 21 19 21 23 28 25 26

All Soils 27 26 20 20 19 18 22 23 28 26 25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Phosphorus (kg/ha)

P Advice for maintenance of Spring Barley @ 7.5 t/ha

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Limited 70 55 55 52 39 49 56 57 71 55 73



Wide 57 57 55 52 53 62 67 75 73 74 79

All Soils 60 60 57 54 53 60 67 76 77 77 80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Potassium (kg/ha)


Crops: K on cereals by Land-use Class K Advice for maintenance of Spring Barley @ 7.5 t/ha


Crops: P use by Crop Type

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Winter Wheat 28 29 20 19 18 14 19 17 31 19 25

Spring Barley 25 25 22 21 21 20 24 26 27 28 25

Spring Wheat 28 25 18 16 15 17 21 22 19 15 19

Winter Barley 32 37 22 24 11 20 21 30 31 29 26

Malting Barley 20 19 18 16 14 20 20 26 28 31 30

Winter Oats 37 20 15 23 17 19 18 25 26 25 21

Spring Oats 29 18 20 16 22 19 19 22 28 20 22

All Cereals 27 26 20 20 19 18 22 23 28 26 25

Fodder Beet 54 49 43 44 48 47 51 45 45 50 53

Maize 38 36 32 39 34 33 31 27 38 36 37

Oilseed Rape - - 27 - - 11 23 24 32 18 -

Peas & Beans 14 18 - - - 20 - 24 18 - 19

fert - type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CAN 27 - 0 - 0 47.9 45.8 46.9 46.2 43.8 48 48.6 46.6 41.1 40.3 43.5

18 - 6 - 12 21.7 23.6 20.6 21.9 22 18.1 13.2 10.2 9.3 8.7 8.9

10 - 10 - 20 9.4 9.9 6.4 7.6 5.7 7.9 10.9 13.4 11.1 9.4 8.5

10 - 5 - 25 - - - 0.6 - 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.9 2.4 3.8

MOP 0 - 0 - 50 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.6 3.4 2.9

26.5 - 0 - 0 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.4 2.8

13 - 6 - 20 - - 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.5 2.2 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.4

10 - 8 - 20 - - - - - - - 0.2 1 1.3 2.2

10 - 6 - 26 - - - - - - - - - - 2.1

12 - 8 - 20 - - - - - - - 0.3 1 0.5 2

26 - 0 - 0 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.2 2 2.3 2 3.2 6 6.8 2

10 - 7 - 25 - - - - - - 1.9 3.7 1.1 3.7 1.7

26.6 - 0 - 0 - - 0.3 0.5 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 - - 1.6

25 - 0 - 0 - - - - - - - - 0.7 - 1.5

15 - 3 - 20 0.5 1 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.2 0.5 1.4

10 - 7 - 23 - - - - - - - 0.3 2.3 1.7 1.1

8 - 10 - 20 4.2 0.3 1.5 0.7 - - - - 1.2 2.8 1.1

14 - 7 - 14 1.5 2.8 3.8 1.5 2.5 2.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9

8 - 8 - 23 - - - - - - - - 1 1.2 0.9

Other 14 15.8 14.6 17.1 20.1 14.2 14.5 9 12.8 11.5 8.7

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Cereals: top 20 Fertilisers by Quantity


Fertiliser Use: Farms in Environmental Schemes


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Nit

rog

en

kg

/ha

Environmental scheme participants Non Environmental scheme participants

Grassland: Nitrogen (kg/ha) use

AE Scheme participants v Non participants

Conclusions Rates of N application declined slightly from 2005 -2015. P & K use was

generally lower than required and fell significantly between 2006 - 2012.

Grassland: On grazed grassland dairy farmers had highest stocking rates and higher fertiliser application rates.

While N applications for silage were sufficient, approximately ½ the required P and ¼ the required K was applied for silage production.

Straight N and low (N)-P-K compounds dominate on grassland farms.

Cereals: N applications to cereal crops have remained steady, while P and K inputs have been lower than crop offtake levels over this period.

More high (N)-P-K compound fertilisers were used on tillage farms.

Fertiliser price, Nut. Regulation and Weather affected fertiliser demand.

Evidence of lower fertiliser use on farms in environmental schemes.

Increased lime, P & K fertiliser use required to halt soil fertility decline.


Fertiliser Use in Ireland 2005 - 2015 · 2005 - 2015 Teagasc National Farm Survey David P. Wall &...

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