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Female lab notes

Slide 14

CA in situ

Presence or absence of atypia Inflammation- chronic cervicitis Normal: basket weaving Good maturation- diminution of size of

nucleus; thinning towards up

Old classification:

1. Mild2. Moderate3. Severe-maturation on uppermost4. CIS-atypia on uppermost

New classification: Cervical Intraepithelial

Neoplasia

1. CIN 1- lower 1/3 from basementmembrane (mild)

2. CIN 2- lower 2/3 (moderate)3. CIN 3- entire layer of epithelium

(severe if with maturation; CIS if atypia but

absence of invasion of BM)

CIN with glandular extension- BM and

epithelium to the gland

-murag nagform ata ug gland-like pero walayinvasion ghpon

Slide 70

Invasive squamous CA of cervix

Large, dilated cervical gland(ifenvironmental change-Nabothian cyst)

Squamous Cell CA-HPV: nest of atypicalsquamous cells

Classification depends onkeratinzationa and size of cell

o Large cell type, keratinizing-presence of keratin

pearl(concentric lamellation of

keratin with entrapment of

squamous cells )

o Large cell type, non-keratinizing

o Small cell type-like the smallcell of lung CA

Slide 75

Endometrial CA

All cancers are called endometrial CA Classification

o Endometrial type- mimics cellsfound in the endometrium

Back to back formation,absence of stroma but

presence of

myometrium

Confused withadenomyosis(looks

benign but with

stroma)

Perimenopausal andmenopausal?

o Clear cell type- poor prognosisSlide 78

Acute salpingitis

Part of PID Attributed to STD e.g. Neisseria and

Chlamydia

Mixed infiltrateSlide 79Uterine leiomyoma

Hormonally-induced Accompanies pregnancy- modako Smooth muscle fiber interlaced-

alternate longitudinal and circular

pattern

Locationso Intramuralo Submucosa-cause bleeding,

irritation

o Subserosal- appearspedunculatedSlide 82

Ovarian endometrial CA

Adenocarcinoma endometriod type

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Categories of ovarian disorderso Surface epithelial-serous,

mucinous, endometriod,

transitional

Serous and mucinouscan be classified as

benign, borderline,

malignant

o Sex-cord stromao Germ cell tumoro Metastatic lesion

Slide 83

Ovarian papillary cystadenoma

Fibrocollagenous tissue with papillarystructures

Papillary formation with fibrovascularcore

Psamomma bodies-concentric hyalinelamellations, encountered in papillary

neoplasm may it be benign or

malignant

Slide 88

Cystic teratoma

Mixture of 3 germ layer Usually benign Classification

o Mature- solid or cystic Tooth,cartilage, bone Lining-squamous

stratified epithelium

Sebaceous glands Muscles, fats, eccrine

glands

Landmark- corpusalbicans

o Immature- no mature elements Neuroepithelial tissue

o Malignant teratoma or matureteratoma with malignanttransformations

Presence of squamouscell CA, adenoaCA with

normal elements

o Specialized- monodermal type One origin

Struma ovarii-enlargedthyroid gland

Slide 90

Granulosa cell tumor

Great mimicker Functional tumor-hyperplasia of

endometrium

o Fibrocystic change of the breasto Epithelial cell proliferation

Nests, small follicles- Call-Exner bodies Grooves, coffee-bean appearance

Slide 104

Polycstic ovary

Associated with infertility Presence of cysts 0.5-1.5 unit? Anovulation, hypothyroidism, DM

Slide 184

Choriocarcinoma

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) Types

o H mole- partial and complete,with chorionic villi

o Choriocarcinoma- no chorionicvilli, only trophoblast

Aggressive Mixture of

syncitiotrophoblast

(large, multi-nucleated,

abundant cytoplasm)

and cytotrophoblast

(smaller)

Placenta

1st trimester- chorionic villi made up of two

layers of trophoblast, hypovascular, large

2nd trimester- some areas of c.v. have single

layer, mixture. Transition from double to single

layer, hypovascular3

rdtrimester- one layer, presence of syncitial

knot (aggregates of syncitiotrophoblast on one

pole), stroma hypervascular, smaller

h-mole

-c.v enlarged, swollen

-grosslly, grape-like structures

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-if all c.v are enlarged- complete

-if presence of normal size c.v- partial + fetus on

gross exam

Endometrium

Proliferative phase

-stratification of nucleus

-tubular glands

-stromal edema, also seen in secretory

-+ of mitotic figures

Secretory phase

-tortous glands

-subnuclear vacuoles

-single layer of nucles, no stratification