Feeding the Future starts with Feeding the Present · Future üLeverage new science for climate...
Transcript of Feeding the Future starts with Feeding the Present · Future üLeverage new science for climate...
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FeedingtheFuturestartswithFeedingthePresent
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• Rates of hunger and poverty declining
• Agriculture-Nutrition linkages
• Stunting rates coming down, but still high
• Global Commitment in SDG 2
• Global Food Security Act signals US support
Progress andCommitment
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Hidden Hunger Index (micronutrient deficiencies)
Poverty and hunger declining
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World Africa Asia Pacific LAC
1990-922012-14
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)
Source: FAO 2015
Prevalence of poverty (US $1.25/day, 2005 PPP), (%)
Source: PovCalNet 2015
Source: Muthayya et al. 2015
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20
40
60
80
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1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
East Asia South Asia
SSA World
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Agricultural growth is poverty-reducing
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0Malawi Mozambique Tanzania Uganda Zambia
All sectorsAgricultureNon-agriculture
Poverty-growth elasticities (US$1.25 poverty line)
Agricultural growth continues to be more poverty-reducing than non-agricultural growth
Source: Dorosh and Thurlow, 2014
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§ Agricultural growth enhances hunger reduction• Increases household incomes and diversifies diets
• Reduces food prices to benefit poor net food buyers
• Creates employment; stimulates rural nonfarm economy
Source: Pauw and Thurlow 2010
§ Whether subsectoral growth reduces hunger depends on• Its linkages with rest of
economy• Its initial size and geographic
concentration• Its growth potential• Market opportunities
Source: Fan and Brzeska 2012
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-1.5
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Maize Pulses & oilseeds
Horticulture Livestock Export crops
Perc
ent
Calorie deficiency-growth elasticities, Tanzania (2000-07)
Agricultural growth reduces hunger
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Despite progress—rate of gains slowing
2.8% growth
1.2% growth
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Source: Smith and Haddad, 2013
Food: 32% Water & Sanitation: 35%
Women’s Education+ status: 33% 116 developing countries
(1970-2010)
Marie Ruel, IFPRI
Contribution of Sectors to Improving Nutrition Globally
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Food Security Research Programs
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3 Major Research Programs
IntegratedCross-Cutting Programs
Program anchoring research in key farmingsystems
Program for Nutritiousand Safe Foods
Program for PolicyResearch and Support
Program for Human and Institutional Capacity Building
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Heat Tolerant Maize in South Asia – CIMMYT, Purdue, NARS from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Pioneer and 10 other seed companies
Commercial cultivar HTMA products
Heat tolerant hybrids released:• More than 700 heat tolerant hybrids under
testing• 17 hybrids that outperform the best
commercial varieties…achieved in 3 years!• Unanticipated outcome: some varieties
preferred by women farmers.
Drought-tolerant maize for Africa• Redirection of plant “resources”
toward ear development• Variable/deeper root depth• Shifting soil water uptake• Shifting to earlier maturity (drought
“avoidance”)Successful public-private partnership• Private company partners increased from 3
to 11 in Asia, 160 hybrids released in Africa.
Cereals: Climate Resilient Research and Impacts
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Research on Legume Productivity
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• bean,cowpea,chickpea,pigeonpea,groundnut,soy– Triplewin:
• Nutrition:proteinandmicronutrient-richfood• Povertyreduction:Sourceofincome,esp.women
• EnvironmentalSustainability:legumesfixnitrogenonfarms– reducingneedtopurchasefertilizer
• Heatanddroughtdevastate legumes• Heattolerantbeansdeveloped,Doubled-uplegumesimprovefarmsustainabilityandprofits
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Addressing infectious diseases in animals• Improvelivestock
management/feed
• Breedresistantanimals– Newgenomicstools
• Developvaccines– Thermostable forimprovedtransport
Advanced approaches to pests and diseases
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DurableRustResistanceinWheatproject
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Some challenge defy traditional solutions
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Fruit & Shoot Borer
Cowpea Pod Borer
Sweet Potato Weevil
Cassava Brown Streak
Imag
e C
redi
t: Ag
rope
dia
Imag
e C
redi
t: AA
TFIm
age Credit: R
TB CR
PIm
age Credit: TN
AU
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Research for Nutritious and Safe Foods
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• Animalsourcefoods,horticulturalcropspostharveststoragetoreduceloss
• Researchonidentifyingstrategiestomitigateandreduceaflatoxin
• ImprovingdietqualityandreducingfoodlossescriticaltoachievingFTFnutritiongoals
• Biofortification:Vitamin-A richsweetpotatoesinUganda,iron-richbeansinRwanda
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RhodaMang’anya supports7peopleon~1/2ha.Todaysheusesimprovedmaizevarietiesandfertilizers,butonlybecauseofwhatelseshedoes.
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“Istartedkeepingpigsandgoatstosupportmychildreninschool…andbuyingofsalt,sugar,soap,relish.”
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Resilient legumes = more biomass = resilient soils =
higher, more reliable yields
Ollenburger and Snapp, 2015
Years after establishment
Doubled-up pigeon pea rotation
Climate smart: maize productivity, food security
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KeytoClimateSmartAgriculture:• Increasedproductivityperunitland,labor,capital—plusdecreasedemissionsintensity
• Reducesrisk,includingclimaterisk• Co-adaptationthroughbiomass/org.matter• Resource-useefficiency• Efficient,prudentuseofinputs• Technologies—diverseandavailable• Resourcemanagementpractices• Information/knowledgeintensive
SustainableIntensification
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Envisioning the future: CA, diversification, + PA =
CSISA research platform @ CSSRI, Karnal, India
11% Crop YieldIncrease
32% ProfitabilityIncrease
71% IrrigationDecrease
46% EnergyDecrease
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Global environmental goals depend on agriculture!
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Closing the yield gap—using old and new tools
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Credit: Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) /Makara Ouch
Still needed: Irrigation, Mechanization, Fertilizer
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Feeding the Future
ü Leverage new science for climate resilient crops and livestock
üReduce yield gaps strategically
ü Choices/info for farmers (seeds, weather, prices, advisory services)
ü Resource-use efficiencyü Diversification –staple crop
productivity linkü Policies, infrastructure enable
capitalization and market accessü Measure gains-drive investmentPhoto: Borlaug Foundation
What should we“select” for?