Feedback from Module 2 - OECD

Conference on Resource Efficiency

Feedback from Module 2From Waste to Resources

Aldo RAVAZZI

Italian MoE

G8-3R NFP Italy

Oecd-Wpnep Chair

Oecd-Wpep Vice-Chair

Oecd Tax&Env Co-Chair

Projected generation and landfilling of municipal waste

2 - [Lars Fogh Mortensen] –Sustainable consumption and production (SCP)

Food and drink: 18% of GHG emissions23% of material use


One week‘s food of a family in the United KingdomSource: „Hungry Planet: What The World Eats“, by Peter Menzel and Faith D'Aluisio

Housing and infrastructure: 24 % of GHG emissions32% of material use


Mobility: 18 % of GHG emissions7% of material use


Initial EIP Networking in Asia

the conclusion of the 2001 Conference came out with seven concerned issues:

1. Terminology (indicator/reporting)

2. Communications3. Policies4. Financing5. Research and Development6. Management Structure7. Future of EID

Source: Chiu JIE 5:2

Further economic integratio

n

•Increase in waste•Change in quality and

type of waste

•Increased volume of production and consumption

•Change in lifestyle

Increase in resource demand in developing

Asia

•Waste-related environmental issues•Improper recycling in

developing Asia

Developing countries

International trade of

recyclables and reusables

(including illegal trade)

Internationalization of product

life-cycleRising

international price of

resourcesFurther

international division of

labor

1.Increased Waste

Generation in Asia

(especially in developing countries)

1-2. Internationalization of waste and recycling-related issues in Asia

2.Illegal trade and improper treatment of

reusables and recyclables

Direction of influences among issues

Group of issues

Domestic issues mainly related to developing countries

International issuesDomestic issues mainly related to developed countries

Lower domestic demand for recyclables

Hollowing out （Especially materials

and component industry）

Outflow of recyclables and

reusbales

•Recycling-related legislation•Governmental

support for recycling industry

Damage to domesticrecycling industry

Accumulation of recyclables and

reusables through legislation

Incentive to recover cost of collection and transportation

RisingDisposal

cost

Developed countries

3.Internationalization of

waste and recycling-

related issues

Source: Hotta, Elder et al. (2008)

4. Regional recycling mechanism as a strategic optionInstitutional development

Infrastructure development

Information and knowledge development

Overall regional policy option

Regional Recycling Mechanism

Regional Policy •International burden sharing for difficult to manage materials•International financial support for domestic infrastructure/

•Networking of eco-towns/eco-industrial park through recycling port

•Information sharing between upstream and downstream on valuables and hazardous substances in the products

8

infrastructure/ information development

in the products•Certification for good recyclers/traders

National Policy •EPR-based obligatory recycling mechanism

•Promote development of domestic recycling capacity through eco-towns/eco industrial parks policy

•Statistical information•Development of inventory•MFA

Both regional and national policies are necessary, in Asia

source: So lebt der Mensch

Effect of scenarios: Dhaka City t

o s

tatu

s q

uo

[%

]

-100

-50

+160% +800%-150

100

50

150

populationhaving directcontact with

waste

N-emissionsto

hydrosphere

Greenhousegas

emissions

Materialrecycling

rate

Disposalrate

Landfillvolume

Costs MSWM

Ch

ang

es t

o

0

50

Improved collection

Sanitary landfill

MBP

Incineration Separate collection

100

0

-50

-100

OECD–UNEP Conference on Resource efficiency

23–25 April 2008, Paris

Proposal of Charges Rates in the Draft of Updated Act on Waste

Landfill to the Environment Landfill of

Technological M t i l

Other Waste Disposal Incineration

of Municipal W t

Rut Bízková, Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic

Source: MoE CR

Material WasteMW+OW HW MW+OW HW

2008 400 4 700 0 0 0 0

2009-2010 700 7 000 700 300 3 000 200

2011-2012 1 000 10 000 1 000 400 4 000 250

from 2013 1500 15 000 1500 600 6000 300

Increase of separate collection by Packaging Regulation 1992

1990 2004

34 Mio.tons

18 Mio.tons

87 %43 %

GLASS

PAPER

BIOwaste

GLASS

BIOwaste

PAPER

5 Mio. tons23,4 Mio. tons

13 %

57 %

Separately collected valuable materials

1990 2004

2 Mio. Tons 8 Mio. Tons

1,6 Mio. Tons

1,3 Mio. Tons

0 Tons

7,7 Mio. Tons

3,1 Mio. Tons

4,7 Mio. Tons

Complex material flows for recycling of light weight packaging

Sorting

Collection

2.381.330 t

Sorting rest934.000 t

Plastics682.000 t

Treatment

- Foils- Cups- Bottles- Styrofoam- Mix-plastics

Tin cans435.000 t

FKN + other composites182.000 tAluminium

60.000 t

Hausmüll Bulky W.LWP ComWWoodGlassP&CBioabfallGPF

Landfill

AzB

MSWI

Treatment

Treat-ment

435.000 t

Treat-ment

60.000 t

Cement kiln

treatedsorting rest221.000 t

RecoveryPapermill

incl. reject to cement kilnAluminium

PyrolysisRecovery

Steel Industry

Recovery material/feedstockAluminium

45.000 tTin cans430.500 t

Benefit: AluminiumPaper fibreCement klinker

Electricity, HeatFe, Slag

Cement klinker

Steel

RegranulatePlastic-substitute

EnergyMethanolElectricityHeat

Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) fossil

50.000

60.000

70.000o

ule

64.000

Energy savings through recycling and energy recovery

Ferrous metalsGlass

Paper and cardboard

Recycling stands for the saving of energy between 1990 and 2004equivalent to the annual energy demand of 450,000 people

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

in 1

.000

Gig

ajo

u

Metalscrap

Glass

Paper

LWP

8.350

Light weight packaging

Climate change relevance of landfills

26.725

30

Reduction of GHG emission from landfillscalculated for waste in landfill which are disposed of in one specific year but integrated over the whole emission period

4.8

0.10

5

10

15

20

1990 2001 after 2005

Mio. TonsCO2 – eq.

Environmental impact by household waste incineration

10.000 t Nitrous oxide20.000 t Sulphur dioxide5.000 kg Cadmium

350 kg Mercury

2.500 t Nitrous oxide68 t Sulphur dioxide64 kg Cadmium

5 kg Mercury

1990 2004

350 kg Mercury290 g Dioxin-Equivalent

5 kg Mercury0,2 g Dioxin-Equivalent

With 6 Mio. t of incinerated waste from households

With 9 Mio. t of incinerated waste from households


The issue of transnational movement of waste- The key role of the Basel Convention- The principle of responsibility of producers, - The principle of responsibility of producers,

exporters and importers- The problems of illegal shipments of waste and

hazardous wastes - The cases of Electronic Waste and Used Tyres


1. Convergence of concepts & approaches:- 3R or sound material society (Jap)- Circular Economy (Chi)- Waste Hyerarchy or Waste Strategy, SCP (Eu)- Waste Hyerarchy or Waste Strategy, SCP (Eu)- Clean Technologies/Innov. or Sust. Mgmt (Usa)- …- Sustainable Consumption & Production (Unep)- MFs and RP or SMM (Oecd)


2a. We need to work on different levels:- Find a common Vision- Reinforce Knowledge, statistics, indicators,

targets, for waste & resourcestargets, for waste & resources- Work on Definitions (waste, 2d hand products,

secondary raw materials, etc.)- Find and diffuse best practices & policies- Transform Vision&Knowledge in decision-makingOne level should not slow down the others


2b. In the Global Village - Increasing globalisation & interdependence- Need to organise efficient, safe & economically

viable flows of waste & resources at local, viable flows of waste & resources at local, national, regional and international level

- Capacities are different and the appropriate technologies and approaches must be used at the different levels (ex waste hierarchy)

- Awareness of finiteness of resources


3. Strenghten the international tables in which we work together:

- OECD (MFs&RP, SMM, Council Rec on ResEff)- UNEP (Int Panel on resource Productivity)- UNEP (Int Panel on resource Productivity)- Basel Convention- G8-3RAvoid duplication, find synergies, develop

common approach, decide common action

Tables should mutually reinforce the others


4a. Issue of regulatory vs economic instruments- Priority for economic instruments still requires

the use of reg. instr. to guarantee health & hygiene requirements and to create marketshygiene requirements and to create markets

- Priority for regulatory instruments still requires the use of eco. instr. to create the right price signals and take advantage of market mechanisms

- Issue of ear-marking


4b. Role of economic instruments andresource productivity policy- Absolute decoupling of waste from GDP is still far- Economic Instruments (signal of scarcity, getting the - Economic Instruments (signal of scarcity, getting the

prices right, internalizing environmental costs, green tax reforms, …)

- Work towards a Factor 4 (5-10-100) in resource productivity through a systemic approach (redesign of resources use, from waste management to SCP, …)

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