Understanding and Using Feedback from the Primary Information Systems
Module VI Understanding Systems Systems. Systems System Behavior Feedback Understanding Systems.
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Transcript of Module VI Understanding Systems Systems. Systems System Behavior Feedback Understanding Systems.
Module VIUnderstanding Systems
Systems
• Systems• System Behavior • Feedback
Understanding Systems
Learning Objectives
• Systems– Clarify terms – Describe characteristics
• Complexity – Clarify terms – Describe characteristics
SYSTEMS
DefinitionSystem: a collection of parts that interact with each other to form an interdependent whole
Characteristics of Systems • “Systems have specific purposes…• A system’s parts must all be present for the system to
carry out its purpose optimally• A system’s parts must be arranged in a certain way
for the system to carry out its purpose• Systems maintain their stability through fluctuation
and adjustments• Systems have feedback”
Source: Anderson and Johnson. Systems Thinking: From Concepts to Causal Loops. Pp. 3-4.
Organizations as systems
Organizationa “social structure created by individuals to support the collaborative pursuit of specified goals”
- Scott, 2011.
Clarify Terms
District
School
Grade
Class
Nested Systems
Formal System
http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html
One System
http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html
Activity: Informal System?
http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html
Example: Informal System
Women and Infants
Clarify Terms
Systems Thinking:“…a discipline for seeing wholes…” - Peter Senge
“…an interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnected factors that shape the behavior of complex systems that occur across many domains – including nature, business, science, public health, and society.”
- Hassmiller Lich, Ginexi, Osgood, Mabry
COMPLEX SYSTEMS:DETAIL AND DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY
Detail Complexity
• Systems with a large number of parts
• Do not change over time • Difficult to understand
as a whole
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Dynamic Complexity
Dynamic complexity leads to counterintuitive behavior of complex systems because:
– Things change over time
– Lag time between cause and effect
– Nonlinear relationships
– Feedback loops
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Dynamic Complexity
“…cause and effect are subtle, and where the effects over time of interventions are not obvious”
Dynamic Complexity
Dynamic complexity leads to counterintuitive behavior of complex systems because:
– Things change over time
– Lag time between cause and effect
– Nonlinear relationships
– Feedback loops
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Dynamic Complexity
Dynamic complexity leads to counterintuitive behavior of complex systems because:
– Things change over time
– Lag time between cause and effect
– Nonlinear relationships
– Feedback loops
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WHO Surgical Checklist
Characteristics
http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html
Dynamic Complexity
Dynamic complexity leads to counterintuitive behavior of complex systems because:
– Things change over time
– Lag time between cause and effect
– Nonlinear relationships
– Feedback loops
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Dynamic ComplexityNonlinear relationships:“the same action has dramatically different effects in the short run and the long run . . . an action has one set of consequences locally and a very different set of consequences in another part of the system . . . and obvious interventions produce nonobvious consequences”
- Diane Kelly
Tendency: Linear Thinking
Nonlinear Thinking
Dynamic Complexity
Dynamic complexity leads to counterintuitive behavior of complex systems because:
– Things change over time
– Lag time between cause and effect
– Nonlinear relationships
– Feedback loops
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TradeoffsPr
oble
m
Time
Better
Worse
Short term Long term
A. High leverage intervention
B. Low leverage intervention
TradeoffsPr
oble
m
Time
Better
Worse
Short term Long term
High leverage intervention
Low leverage intervention
Program A
Program B
Tradeoffs
Prob
lem
Time
Better
Worse
Short term Long term
Program A
Program B
More on “hard systems problems”
Wicked problemsProblem in which stakeholders do not agree on what the problem is, or even if there is a problem – threatening collective impact.
- Vennix, 1999.
More on “hard systems problems”
Messy problems“actually consist of multiple smaller problems that cannot be solved independently, and which often involve ‘socio-political’ or ‘moral-spiritual’ issues”
- Gray and Gill, 2009.
Systems• Now, step back from the details and think of a system as the
important forces shaping a problem you want to address.• Many different kinds of “systems” in which we might intervene
to address a problem:– The state health department (or communication within it…)– Early childhood systems– All subsystems touching CSHCN– Forces shaping how states react to federal Health Care
Reform, or– Life-course determinants of women’s health (MCH x chronic
x infectious disease)
Bringing science to study systems
Systems Science“an interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnected factors that shape the behavior of complex systems that occur across many domains – including nature, business, science, public health, and society.”
- Hassmiller, Ginexi, Osgood, Mabry, 2013.
Summary
• Systems– Clarify terms – Describe characteristics
• Complexity – Clarify terms – Describe characteristics
