Fear-ulbs 2012 English Model 1

7/29/2019 Fear-ulbs 2012 English Model 1

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By Kho Cheah Yinn

Sr 4 Joy

ULBS 2012 English Model 1


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What is fear?

Defined as a(n)

distressing negative sensation induced by a perceivedthreat. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring inresponse to a specific stimulus, such as pain or the threatof danger.

ability to recognize danger leading to an urge to confront

it or flee from it (also known as the fight-or-flightresponse.

Introduction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensation


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A chain reaction in the brain that starts with a

stressful stimulus and ends with the release ofchemicals that cause a racing heart, fast breathingand energized muscles, also known as the fight-or-flight response. The stimulus could be a spider, aknife at your throat, an auditorium full of peoplewaiting for you to speak or anything, really.

What is Fear?
http://health.howstuffworks.com/brain.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/brain.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/heart.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/muscle.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/insects-arachnids/spider.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/insects-arachnids/spider.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/muscle.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/heart.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/brain.htm


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Thalamus - decides where tosend incoming sensory data(from eyes, ears, mouth, skin)

Sensory cortex - interpretssensory data

Hippocampus - stores andretrieves conscious memories;processes sets of stimuli to

establish contextAmygdala - decodes emotions;determines possible threat;stores fear memories

Hypothalamus - activates"fight or flight" response
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/eye.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/eye.htm


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The process of creating fear takes place in the brainand is entirely unconscious. There are two paths

involved in the fear response: The low road is quickand messy, while the high road takes more time anddelivers a more precise interpretation of events. Bothprocesses are happening simultaneously.

Creating Fear


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The idea behind the low road is "take no chances." The

low road shoots first and asks questions later.

The door knocking is the stimulus. As soon as you hearthe sound and see the motion, your brain sends this datato the thalamus. The thalamus doesn't know if the signalsare signs of danger or not, but since they might be, itforwards the information to the amygdala. The amygdala

receives the neural impulses and takes action to protectyou: It tells the hypothalamus to initiate the fight-or-flightresponse that could save your life if what you're seeingand hearing turns out to be a threat.

The low road


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The low road.


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The high road is much more thoughtful. While the low road is

initiating the fear response just in case, the high road is considering allof the options. Is it a burglar, or is it the wind?

Your eyes and ears sense the sound and motion of the door. Thethalamus sends this information to the sensory cortex. It determinesthat there is more than one possible interpretation of the data andpasses it along to the hippocampus Which asks questions like, "Have Iseen this stimulus before? If so, what did it mean that time? Whatother things are going on that might give me clues as to figure out

what it is?" The hippocampus might pick up on other data beingrelayed through the high road, like the tapping of branches against awindow, a muffled howling sound outside and the clatter of patiofurniture flying about. Taking in this other information, thehippocampus determines that the door action is most likely the resultof wind. It sends a message to shut off the fight-or-flight response.

The high road


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The high road.


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Both roads lead to the hypothalamus. This portion of the brain controls theancient survival reaction called the fight-or-flight response.
http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/hypothalamus-dictionary.htmhttp://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/hypothalamus-dictionary.htm


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To produce the response, the hypothalamus activates two systems: the

sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system. Thesympathetic nervous system uses nerve pathways to initiate reactions inthe body, and the adrenal-cortical system uses the bloodstream. The

combined effects of these two systems are the fight-or-flight response. When the hypothalamus tells the sympathetic nervous system to kick into

gear, the effect is that the body speeds, tenses up and becomes generallyvery alert. If there's a burglar at the door, you're going to have to takeaction - and fast. The sympathetic nervous system sends out impulses toglands and smooth muscles and tells the adrenal medulla to release

adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream. These "stresshormones" cause several changes in the body, including an increasein heart rate and blood pressure.

These physical responses are intended to help you survive a dangeroussituation by preparing you to either run or fight for your life (thus the term"fight or flight"). Fear - and the fight-or-flight response in particular - is an

instinct that every animal possesses.

Fight or Flight
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/heart.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/tests-treatment/question146.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/tests-treatment/question146.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/heart.htm


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Fear is a basic instinct for survival.

If we did not/do not fear, we would be

Crossing streets when the light is red, playing withpoisonous things, hanging out with people who haveinfectious diseases, etc.

We need fear to help us survive. We are still in the same

danger we are in millions of years ago.Only the stimulus has changed.

Why do we Fear?


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Fear extinction involves creating a response that counters

the original fear response. Most therapies focus on exposure. For example, therapy

for a person with a fear of snakes might involve visiting asnake farm and taking small steps toward touching one.First, the person might get close to the snake and see thatnothing terrible happens. When nothing terrible happens,he might get close enough to touch it. This processcontinues until new, fear-extinction memories are formed- memories that say "snakes are not going to harm you" tocontradict the fear of snakes that lives in the amygdala.The fear still exists, but the idea is to override it with thenew memory.

Overcoming Fear


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The most common fears are : Spiders

Death Failure

War

Heights

Crime/Violence

Being alone

The future

Nuclear war

Trivia


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You can stop listening now. Thank you.


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http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/fear1.htm

For more info, please look up this website.

Credits
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Fear-ulbs 2012 English Model 1

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