Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?
-
Upload
christiana-maxwell -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
4
Transcript of Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?
![Page 1: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fated ?
ParadoxesAugust 4, 2013
Dr. Katie Galloway
Do your genes decide your
fate?
![Page 3: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Infidelity gene?
![Page 5: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Identifies-meaningless-correlations gene?
![Page 6: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A bottom-up approach
““We are survival machines – robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes.”
– Richard Dawkins, biologist
![Page 7: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
A Reductionist view of Biology
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 8: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Layers of design
![Page 9: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gene expression: Running genetic program
DNA
mRNA
protein
Promoter:Controls production RNA from DNA
pX
![Page 10: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Epigenetics and structure of DNA
![Page 11: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Loose packing of DNA turns on genes
![Page 12: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tight packing of DNA turns off genes
10,000 fold packing during cell division!
![Page 13: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3D structure of the genome influences how sets of genes interact
![Page 14: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DNA wrapped for tangle free, dynamic loosing and rewrapping
![Page 15: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gene expression: Running the program
DNA
mRNA
protein
pX
Promoter:Controls transcription of DNA to RNA
Non-coding RNA:Controls processing of mRNA into proteins
![Page 16: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Percent of non-coding DNA increases with organism complexity
Mattick, J.S. Scientific American 2004
![Page 17: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
“Junk DNA” is not so “junky”
Mattick, J.S. Scientific American 200498% of human non-coding DNA is translated into RNA
![Page 18: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
DNA
mRNA
protein
~20,000 genes
~1,000,000 proteins
Diversity of proteins 50x > genes!
![Page 19: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DNA
translation
Brain protein Liver protein
RNA
Not the size of your genome, but how you use it
![Page 20: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Natural RNA control systems intervene in gene expression to direct cellular fate
DNA
transcription
pre-mRNA
editing, splicing
mRNA
translation
Brain protein Liver protein
silencing
Post-transcriptional processing
![Page 21: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Enormous amount of information in RNA and proteins regulate cellular fate
DNA
mRNA
protein
~20,000 genes
~1,000,000 proteins
![Page 22: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Gene expression: Running the program
DNA
mRNA
protein
Promoter:Controls transcription of DNA to RNA
pX
Non-coding RNA:Controls processing of mRNA into proteins
Proteins:Provide structure, energy production, regulation, define various cell types
![Page 23: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Genetically identical but different
Protein N
…………………………
Protein 1
…………………………
…………………………
Heart muscle cells Brain cellsBlood cells
pX pX
![Page 24: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Protein N
…………………………
Protein 1
…………………………
…………………………
Heart muscle cells Brain cellsBlood cells
pX pX
Levels of gene expression define cell types
< >~
![Page 25: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Heart muscle cells Brain cellsBlood cells
Levels of gene expression define cell types
< >~
Spectrum of fate
Leve
ls o
f exp
ress
ion
Protein N
Protein 1
![Page 26: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Synthetic control systems control gene expression to reprogram cell fate
Figure adapted from Amabile, G. & A. Meissner (2009) Trends Mol. Med. 15:59.
![Page 27: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Simple model for proper protein folding
Native protein structure goes to lowest energy state, process runs downhill
![Page 28: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Multi-level control for proper protein folding
Native protein structure is metastable, kinetically entrapped, guided to native fold
![Page 29: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Important molecular control at all three levels
DNA
mRNA
protein
Promoter:Controls transcription of DNA to RNA
pX
Non-coding RNA:Controls processing of mRNA into proteins
Proteins:Provide structure, energy production, regulation, define various cell types
![Page 30: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Layers of design
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 32: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fast negative regulation Fast positive regulationTranscriptional regulation
A systems view of the yeast mating pathway: model cancer pathway
Figure courtesy of D.Endy. 2006
![Page 33: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MAPK pathways: regulators of cell fate
Transmembrane receptor
MAPKKK
MAPKK
MAPK
Extracellular signal
Pathway response
Mating ProliferationDifferentiationDevelopment
InflammationApoptosis
Development
Yeast MammalianPheromone Growth factors, cytokines, cell stress
Fus3 Erk1/2 JNK p38
![Page 34: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Implications in disease and therapeutics
Stem Cells Cancer
Hanahan, D. and R.A. Weinberg, The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 2000. 100(1): p. 57-70
![Page 35: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ProliferationProliferation
Differentiation
Adapted from Santos, SD et al. Growth factor-induced MAPK network topology shapes Erk response determining PC-12 cell fate. Nat Cell Biol 2007
Proliferation
EGFNGF
-
Differentiation
+
Signaling = Biology’s Morse code
![Page 36: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ProliferationProliferation
Differentiation
Adapted from Santos, SD et al. Growth factor-induced MAPK network topology shapes Erk response determining PC-12 cell fate. Nat Cell Biol 2007
Proliferation
EGFNGF
-
Differentiation
+
Complex signal processing used to direct cell fate
![Page 37: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Layers of design
![Page 38: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Life or death in response to pro-death signal is context dependent
![Page 39: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Coordination of homeostasis in the intestine
![Page 40: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Coordination of multiple cell types required to prevent megadeath, disaster in the intestine
![Page 41: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Layers of design
![Page 42: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Stress is translated into changes in hormones, genes,
and ultimately cell fate
![Page 43: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Stress can impair the immune system, brain function
![Page 44: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Maternal nurturing reduces stress
![Page 45: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Layers of design
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 46: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Feedback changes the nature of integrated system
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 47: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Even with feedback this is still a biochemical machine
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 48: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Unless there is a mind and free will
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
![Page 49: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Modifying fate via behavior
![Page 50: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Yet, if our hope is in our will, do we have hope?
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
![Page 51: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
For I do not do the good I want to do, but the evil I do not want to do—this I keep on doing. -Romans 7: 19
Hope in free will? Yes and no.
![Page 52: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
God’s intervention, mercy and grace give hope
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
God, Holy Spirit, Mercy, Grace
![Page 53: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
God’s intervention, mercy and grace give hope
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
God, Holy Spirit, Mercy, Grace
God is able and willing to help those who recognize their need
And Jesus said to him, “ ‘If You can?’ All things are possible to him who believes.” Immediately, the boy’s father cried out and said, “I do believe; help my unbelief.”
-Mark 9:23-24
![Page 54: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Quick summary: layers of design
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
![Page 55: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Quick Summary: more than a biochemical machine
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
![Page 56: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Molecules Networks Cells Tissues Systems Organism
Quick Summary: God designed free will & hope into our very being via our bodies, minds, and the Holy Spirit
Environment & societyInput:
Initial conditions
Output:Fate
Mind, Will
God, Holy Spirit, Mercy, Grace
![Page 57: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
A word of caution…
Jesus answered them. “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” -Matthew 22:37-40
![Page 58: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Questions for reflection
1. Is the material world enough to account for the design I see in nature? If the material world is all that there is, am I satisfied knowing I am a biochemical machine?
2. For those that embrace the potential of life beyond materialism, is the will enough? Is the will enough to make you the person you should be?
3. Evidence for a personal, loving, merciful God?
4. In light of how important the mind is to knowing God and how important social interactions can be on influencing the brain, am I acting as lovingly as I can? Am I being as kind? As gracious? Am I forgiving? Am I avoiding anger, resolving conflict?
5. How will you allow the Holy Spirit to transform you?
6. How will you build your faith today?
![Page 59: Fated ? Paradoxes August 4, 2013 Dr. Katie Galloway Do your genes decide your fate?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032721/56649cd55503460f9499c872/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Questions…?