Fall Semester ReviewLanguage Arts

Essay WritingA paragraph has at least 5 sentences.Ways to brainstorm: web, list, bracket Parts of an outline: introduction, body,

conclusionParts of a thesis sentence: topic, opinion, and

reason.Transition examples: Before, as a result, in

conclusionEvery sentence begins with a capital letter… …and ends with some kind of punctuation.

OutlineOutlines are used to plan for writing, improve

organization.I. Introduction

a. ThesisII. Body

a. Supporting idea, Detailsb. Supporting idea, Detailsc. Supporting idea, details

III. Conclusion

Punctuating TitlesLong works (books, albums, etc.) are indicated by

italics (when typed) or underlining (when writing longhand).

Remember: Only the title of the book, magazine, or newspaper, etc. is underlined or italicized. (Example: Newsweek magazine or Newsweek magazine— not Newsweek magazine or Newsweek magazine).

Quotation marks are used for shorter works, such as poems, songs, and articles.

“The Raven,” “Born in the USA,” “Chapter 1- A Face at the Window”

Quotation Marks and CommasCapitalize the first word of every direct

quotation. John said, "The first thing I want to do is eat." "William is my friend," he said, "but John is

not." ("but" is not capitalized because it doesn't start a new sentence.)

"We eat at six," he said. "Late comers will not be fed." ("Late" is capitalized because it starts a new sentence.)

Place quotation marks around the entire statement, with end marks or commas inside the quotation marks.

Thesis SentenceFound in the introduction, restated in the

conclusionThree parts

Topic (Idea) Opinion Reason

TransitionsTransitions are words that show time order

and direction. They help paragraphs move from one idea or

step to the next.They improve organization.

Examples: then, next, finally, likewise

CapitalizationCapitalize proper nouns like-

Given namesStreet addresses and city namesBrands or store namesAbbreviations in names like

Jr. Dr. Mrs.

Common/ Proper NounsA common noun is a general name for a

person, place, thing or idea. Example- theater A proper noun is a name of a specific person,

place, thing or idea.Example- Palace Theater Only proper nouns need to be capitalized, so

a big clue is if the noun is capitalized.

6 Traits of Writing ReviewIdeas- topic and detailsOrganization- order and structure of writingWord Choice- interesting words used with

meaningVoice- personality of writer coming throughSentence Fluency- flow and structure of sentencesConventions- grammatical correctness of writing

Descriptive synonyms improve: word choiceCapitalization & Punctuation are: conventions

Grammar Elements ReviewIndependent Clause- a complete sentence with a subject +

verbDependent Clause- not a complete sentence Compound Sentence- two independent clauses with a

subject + verb and subject + verb Simple Sentence- one independent clause Complex Sentence- one independent and one dependent

clauseFANBOYS- FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SOA fragment is missing- a subject, verb, or complete thought

Simple/ CompoundSimple nouns or verbs stand alone

Example: The dog barked. Dog is a simple subject because it is the only

subject.

Compound subject and verbs have more than one part. Example: The dog and cat barked. Dog and cat are your compound subject. Example: The dog barked and ran. Barked and ran is your compound verb.

Parts of SpeechNoun- person, place, thing, idea,

quality Pronoun- replaces noun- he, she, it,

they, etc.Verb- action/state of being of nounAdjective- describes the nounAdverb- describes the verbConjunction- links together phrases and

clauses, remember FANBOYS

Plot Structure

1. Exposition 4. Falling Action2. Rising Action3. Climax 5. Resolution

ForeshadowingForeshadowing: A writing technique that

gives readers clues about what will happen later in the story.

“As he pondered the morning, he reassured himself that he locked the door. Something kept telling him otherwise, but he pushed it out of his mind.”

What might this be foreshadowing?

FlashbackFlashback: details from an earlier point in

time are revealed to the reader

TangerineElements to study…Plot- exposition, rising action, climax, falling

action, resolutionPrologue- introduction to storyCharacterization- descriptions of the

characters

Characters

Theme- message or moral of the storyPrologue- opening of story that establishes

setting and gives background. Epilogue- concludes story.

Plot- events of the storySetting – where and when the story takes

place

Story Elements

• Antagonist- person opposing the main character/ protagonist

• Protagonist- leading/ main character of story

Point of View1st person point of view- using pronouns I and me to show the narrator’s own perspective as a character in the story.

Point of ViewIn addition to 1st person point of view (which

Tangerine is told in) there are:3rd person limited point of view- unseen

narrator knows thoughts and feelings of some but not all characters.

3rd person omniscient point of view- unseen narrator knows all thoughts and feelings of all characters.

Tangerine Review Themes of Tangerine include:Importance of loyalty among friends, telling the truth even when it is difficult, __________________________ Foreshadowing: a hint or clue in the

story that helps the reader predict what might happen later.

Flashbacks: an interruption in the normal sequence of events to show something that happened in the past.

Walk Two MoonsThemes of Walk Two Moons include:Not making assumptions about another, the mistake of prejudging, growing up as a journey, and the interconnectedness of life.To reviewFolklore and Origin Stories- the Indian stories that Sal’s mother shares with her.The structure- a frame story, where multiple stories are being told within one novel.

To begin class…Have your semester review (worth 5 bonus points!) and a pencil on your desk.

Your semester test is worth 15% percent of your overall grade. Take your time and think carefully about your answers. Good luck!!