The Late Cold War and the Fall of Communism HWH UNIT 12 CHAPTER 18.5.
Fall of communism
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THE FALL OF COMMUNISM
USSR AND EASTERN EUROPE
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Mikhail Gorbachev – detent a new era of reform Sought to reform and restructure the USSR Economic reform – perestroika
Economy somewhere between central planning (communism) and free markets (capitalism)
New openness in society, politics, and speech- glasnost
Free elections were help for the first time since 1917 (1989)
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Many non-Russians ( people from the Soviet Republics) began to call for independence from the USSR
Gorbachev called for the USSR to reform its policy toward the nations of Eastern Europe (Warsaw Pact nations) Moved away from the Brezhnev Doctrine
He also withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan
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Supported by the Russian Army, Boris Yeltsin was elected the president of Russia
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Russia struggled to create a democratic and capitalistic state
Corruption increased Poverty increased Standard of living decreased Russia still struggles to build a more
modern, progressive, and economically stable state
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The Berlin Wall came down - 1989
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Reunification of Germany- 1993
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Chancellor Angela Merkel
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Gorbachev visiting Berlin
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Gorbachev with Angela Merkel and Lech Walesa (Poland Solidarity Movement
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Gorbachev in a Louis Vuitton Advertisement
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Hungary became independent – ended communism
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Communist propaganda in Budapest, Hungary
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Hungarian street signs after the fall of communism
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Romania
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Bucharest, Romania
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The president of Romania and his wife shortly before their execution
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The European Union
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Maastricht Treaty – 1990 – rules for a single European currency
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THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
1989- 1990’s
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With the fall of communism, Yugoslavia broke up into separate republics with many declaring their independence
National, ethnic, and religious tensions led to a violent and bloody war
Rape, murder, ethnic cleansing, concentration camps marked the conflict
The US carried our bombing raids on the capital of Serbia during the Clinton administration
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Serbian leaders would later be arrested and charged with war crimes
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