Factors that Promote and Impede Popular Participation

By: Laurefel P. GabalesPA 103

Prof. Jo B. Bitonio

Factors that Promote or Deter Popular

Participation in Development: The

Philippine Experience

Factors that Promote or Deter Popular Participation in Development

IntroductionObjectivesMethodology Popular Participation as Defined in Philippine

ResearchesThe Philippines: A brief backgrounder

Factors that Promote or Deter Popular Participation in Development

Policies and Mechanisms for popular Participation

Factors that Promote/Impede Popular Participation

Recommendation: The Search for the Filipino Participatory Ethic

Introduction

Quest for elusive “development”Economic growth no longer the sole concern

in developmentFive Core Concepts of DevelopmentMan as end of developmentDelineation of man

Introduction

Collective personality of manParticipation Self-reliance

Objectives

Seeks to answer the following questionWhat has been the country’s experience in

promoting popular participation in the government’s development programs?

What factors may be identified as facilitating or obstructing popular participation in development?

ObjectivesWhat recommendations may be

forwarded to stress those that facilitate and minimize those that impede popular participation?

Objectives

The study has four sectionsA brief description of the socioeconomic and

political and historical makeupSelected government programs and

innovations

Objectives

Factors that promote and deter participation

Recommendations for policy and institutional changes

Methodology

The academe has drawn attention to the subjects

The government has also caused the evaluation of existing participatory mechanisms

Researches have been conducted on popular participation

Popular Participation as Defined in Philippine Researches

Mass sharing of the benefit of developmentMass contribution to developmentMass involvement in the decision making

process for development


A process in which the people are directly and actively involve in the planning and implementation of rural development programs and projects

Defining the situation requiring a decisionChoosing the preferred alternatives


Determining how best tom implement the decision once it is made

Evaluating the consequences of the action taken


The differentiation of the decision making into planning, implementation and evaluation process

Conceptualizing the problemsDeciding what is to be doneImplementing the plans and programsEvaluating the results


Passive citizenInvolved only as recipient of the serviceCompletely dependent from external fundingDeprived when personnel for participationActive citizen


Involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the program

Program is self supporting in fundingPersonnel fielded from communityMidpoint situationInvolved either in implementation only or

in planning and implementation


Dependent on some combination of internal and external funding

Manpower fielded jointly by outside agency and local community

The Philippines: A Brief Backgrounder

Self-sustaining unit called barangaysSpanish centralized bureaucracyAmericans promised independenceJapanese occupationDeclared independent by AmericansMartial Law was imposed on 21 Sept 1972May 1982 election of barangay officials

Policies and Mechanisms for popular Participants

BarangaysAdvent of “paticipatory democracy”A Barangay chairman and six councilorsAdministrative channels of government as part

of the delivery of services to the peopleViewed as a possible Filipino alternative to the

western model – Filipino collectivism


NEDA and the Development CouncilCreated from the Integrated Reorganization Plan

which adopted from PD No. 1Tasked with formulating definite and consistent

long-range and annual economic and social development plans and programs


Assist planning at the regional levelsA development council is a structure

responsible for coordinating the efforts of agencies and instrumentalities of gov’t

Councils are organized at the regional, city/municipality and barangay levels

Strongly counterbalanced the RDC’s


The Philippine Rural Development ProgramManage by Rural Development Division of

the Bureau of Community DevelopmentAims to promote the transformation and

development of rural communities Built on the principle that development is a

government enterprise


Primary Health ProgramLOI No. 949Practical approach that recognizes the

interrelationship between health and overall socioeconomic development

Intersectoral approach in building the foundation of health


Recognized the for:Active community participationGood working relationshipUse of indigenous technologyDevelopment of support mechanisms


Community based programsKnows , feels, and accepts responsibility for

community healthTaps and develops its own resourcesPrimary focus is put by the community on

community problems, resources and actions


The individual levelAnalysis would require more empirical testNo longer be a concept in search of

methodology but rather implies that community may be the methodology

Promoting conditionsImpending conditions


The communityCommunity structurePhysical dispersion / Communication

networksExperience in community organizingEconomic status of communityCommunity leadership selection


Involvement of informal leadersLeadership styleEmotional cost to communityManner of fielding community organizersThe government/other sectorsBureaucratic character / “Technical

expertise”


Measures of performancePlan approachNature of programChoice of communityParticipationBureaucratic specialization


The greater society/Societal levelColonial experiencePovertyIneffectiveness of participation as a means of

getting serviceOther factors

Recommendations: The Search for the Filipino Participatory Ethic

Society’s historical pastHeavy influence and reliance on western and

foreign modelsUtilize an indigenous process of evoking

popular participationSearch for the distinguishing characteristics

Reference

Introduction to Public AdministrationA Reader 2nd Edition

National College of Public Administration & Governance

University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 2003

Factors that Promote and Impede Popular Participation

Education

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