What is Operant Conditioning? Module 16: Operant Conditioning.
Factors Influencing Respondent & Operant Learning: Part 1 Lesson 9.
18
Factors Influencing Respondent & Operant Learning: Part 1 Lesson 9
-
Upload
harold-townsend -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
4
Transcript of Factors Influencing Respondent & Operant Learning: Part 1 Lesson 9.
Factors Influencing Respondent &
Operant Learning:Part 1
Lesson 9
Associative Learning & Language
Language acquisition Interaction of nature & nurture Respondent & operant
Respondent Association of sounds & symbols English: “deh” = d; “err” = r Russian: “deh” = д; “err” = р ~
Respondent Learning & Language
Associatе sounds/symbols with objects/actions English: dog; woman; speak Spanish: perro; mujer; hablar Russian: собака; женщина, говорить
Words/ideas Conditional stimuli Conditional responses ~
Operant Learning & Language
Babies start off babbling sounds Inherited behavior
Certain sounds are reinforced Directly by parents, etc. Also by consequences
words are understood consequences Mother ~
Respondent & Operant Together
SD B SR:
CS US:
CR
UR
Respondent vs Operant
Both associative Involuntary vs voluntary Biologically important events
US vs SR
Signals/cues CS vs SD
Contingency CS : US vs B SR ~
Factors Influencing Acquisition
Frequency # learning trials
Predictivity contingency & probability
Contiguity timing
Salience Intensity / novelty ~
Acquisition: Frequency Gradual
usually requires many pairings Respondent: CS : US UR Operant: SD : B SR
Measuring the learned response magnitude latency / probability / frequency
Asymptote limit to how much can be learned ~
Respondent Acquisition
CS : US pairings
CS : US UR
CR
CRStrength
Asymptote
Hi
Lo
Operant Acquisition
BarPressRate(B)
B SR Trials
Asymptote
Hi
Lo
SD : B SR
Detour Learning Task
FIGURE 1Males
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4
Detour Learning Trial
Mea
n L
aten
cy t
o S
oci
al C
on
tact Strangers
Cagemates
Acquisition: Detour LearningChicks performance on detour learning task
Acquisition: Predictivity
Contingency CS+ / CS- SD / S∆
Probability Usefulness of cues Hi faster learning Low slower learning ~
Contiguity: Respondent Learning
Order & Timing Anticipate important event strongest to weakest CR
DelayedCS
US
TraceCS
US
Contiguity: Respondent Learning
SimultaneousCS
US
BackwardCS
US
Contiguity: Respondent Learning CS-US interval In general...
shorter interval more effective longer interval less effective
Depends on response system Fast: .5 - 2 seconds)
e.g., eye blink, skeletal muscle reflexes Slow: 2-3 min
e.g., CERs, physiological responses Nausea (CTA): hours ~
Contiguity: Operant Learning
Delay of Reinforcement Immediate consequences most effective
temporal contiguity reinforcement & punishment
longer delays: probability of other behaviors being
reinforced instead of intended behavior ~
Delay of Reinforcement
0 20 40 60
Delay between B and SR (sec)
Bar pressesper minute
0
5
10
15
20
