FACILITIES PLANNING

GRID STATIONPresented by

Habib Ali Khan 17517

Hafiz Muhammad Shakir Panjwani 17643

Muhammad Ahmed Ghias17202

Ammad15882

INSTRUCTOR:DR AMIR IQBAL

GRID STATION FACILITY

WHAT IS A GRID STATION?

• An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers. It consists of generating stations that produce electrical power, high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers.

Grid Station Functions

• Voltage Regulation

• Voltage Transformation

• Measure Electrical Power Quantity

• Connect Electrical power generating Plants to the system

• Control Of active and reactive and reactive power

LOCATION SELECTION

• Economic and Technical Feasibility

• Load point & requirement

• Bearable Cost (development, Site distance from existing network, misc. cost)

• Area Required

• Transmission line feasibility

• Near-by Grid Capacity

• Transport Network

TYPES OF GRID STATION LAYOUTS

• AIR INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT

• GAS INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT

• HYBRID INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT

FACTOR RATING METHOD

LAYOUT COMPARISON

• Reliability

• Maintenance

• Cost

• Impact on environment

Components of Grid Station

Essential Components of a Grid Station

1. 132 KV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) consisting of:

Circuit Breaker

Isolators

Instrument Transformers

2. Power transformer

3. 11 kV Switchgear

4. PLL (power line carrier communication)

Diagram of Grid station :

Power Transformer• This is the most important component of a sub-

station.

• The main work of a Grid is to distribute power at a low voltage, by stepping down the voltage that it receives in its incoming lines.

• The Grid use step-down transformers to attain this voltage and then distribute this power.

• All the other equipment in a sub-station works only to facilitate the smooth working of the power transformer.

SWITCHGEAR

• The term switchgear refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment.

• Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.

• The very earliest central power stations used simple open knife switches, mounted on insulating panels of marble or asbestos.

Switch Gears Components

• Bus Bars

• Circuit Breakers

• Disconnecting Switches

• Earthing Switches

• Current Transformer

• Potential Transformer

• Cable and box

11 KV Switch gears

• Operated at 12 KV

• Work at 630 A

• Load break switch

• Earthing switch

• O/C and E/F Self powered relay

Power line carrier communication

Need of PLCC

• PLCC uses the same high voltage transmission line connecting two substations for Telecommunication purpose.

• PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to transmit speech,

• Telemetry and protection tripping commands. This economic and reliable for inter grid message as well as low bit RTU signal

• Avoid dependence of busy telephone lines.

• To cope up with ever increasing size of power grid

Power line carrier communication

• Voice signal modulated on carrier frequency and transmitted on power line

• No need for lying separate cable for transmission

• Integrates transmission of voice and data through same line

• Allows flow of information through same cording which supplies electrical power.

SERGI Transformer Protection

SERGI Transformer Protection

• This transformer protection concept can be applied to all oil-filled transformers. It serves to:

• Depressurize tanks within milliseconds

• Avoid contact between air (Oxygen) and the evacuated explosive gases (Hydrogen, Acetylene, etc.)

• Separate gases from the oil

• Channel the flammable gases away from the transformer to a remote area

• Evacuate the explosive gases from the transformer tank by injecting an inert gas (Nitrogen) into the tank and associated equipment

• Secure the transformer to let the maintenance staff to quickly repair safely.

FACILITY LAYOUT

The objective of plant layout planning is a more effective work flow at the facility, allowing workers and equipment being more productive

OBJECTIVES OF LAYOUT

1. Sense of unity

2. Safety

3. Flexibility

4. Minimum movement of people material & resources

GRID STATION LAYOUT

• Product-oriented layout: Seeks the best personnel and machine utilizations in repetitive or continuous production: GRID STATION

DISADVANTAGES

1. High volume is required

2. Work stoppage at any point ties up the whole operation

3. Lack of flexibility in product or production rates

LAYOUT OF GRID STATION

132kV AIS FIELD

11kV Switchgear Room

Capacitor Room

Battery Bank Room

AC/DC Room

Control Room

PLC Room

Power Transformer Area Office Toilet Pantry Store Generator Area Auxiliary Transformer Area

AIR INSULATED SUB-STATION

GAS INSULATED SUB-STATION

HYBRID INSULATED SUB-STATION

Top View of Ground Floor Plan

Top View of Building First Floor

TRENCH LAYOUT FOR CABLES

GIS AND TRANSFORMER LAYOUT

FIRE STRATEGY FOR GRID STATION

FACILITY: BEFORE FIRE

FACILITY: AFTER FIRE

FIRE STRATEGY

FOLLOWING ARE THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FIRE IN A GRID STATION:

Overheating of equipment/wires

Flash/Spark

Seismic Events

Short Circuit

Law & order

FIRE STRATEGY

Facility designer prepares a fire strategy to counter, minimize losses & to ensure safety of life and property.

A proper fire strategy is included in our Grid Station design

A proper fire suppression system is installed in our Grid Station.

FIRE STRATEGY

A proper fire suppression system is installed in our Grid Station consisting of following components:

1. Fire smoke detectors

2. Fire Alarm system

3. Fire sprinklers

4. Fire hose cabinets with reels

5. Portable fire extinguishers

6. Fire pumps

FIRE STRATEGY

FIRE ESCAPE

• Evacuation in case of fire is a major concern and therefore the layout keeps in its mind fire exits

• There are normal stairs that can be used as well as emergency exits has been provided

CALCULATION• MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS IN GRID STATION

Max population=40ft*141ft/100sqft per person=56.4=56 people

• MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS=2 from below table

The distance between exits= diagnol /8=146/8=18ft one way

FIRE ESCAPE

Fire Exits

FIRE ESCAPE

Fire Exits

FIRE ESCAPE

FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE INDICATOR PANEL

FIRE HYDRANTS WITH HOSE

CO2 Fire Protection System

CO2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

NFPA

• NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

• ESTABLISHES CODES & STANDARDS

• MAIN AIM IS TO MINIMIZE BURDEN OF WORLD FIRE

• OVER 65000 MEMBERS WORLDWIDE

CLASSES OF FIRE AS DEFINED BY NFPA

• Class A fires: Involves Organic material

• Class B fires: Involves flammable liquids

• Class C fires: Involves energized electrical equipment's

• Class D fires: Involves exotic metals

Electrical fires are Class C fires

The End

Any Question!!