Facial Bones Ahmed K Momani Radiology 2010 J.U.S.T Nasal bones The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. Articulations: Two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the opposite nasal and the maxilla. Lacrimal bones The lacrimal bone, the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. Articulations: The lacrimal articulates with four bones: two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the maxilla and the inferior nasal concha Maxillae The maxill are the largest bones of the face, excepting the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the upper jaw. Each assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities; the roof of the mouth, the floor and lateral wall of the nose and the floor of the orbit Each bone consists of a body and four processes: Zygomatic process: projects laterally to unite with the zygoma Frontal process:which projects upward towards the frontal bone Alveolar process: projects inferiorly, holds cavities for the reception of the teeth Palatine process: process which form the anterior portion of the mouth The 2 maxillary bones unite in the midline, the upper part is Ant nasal spine and the part below is the acanthion The body contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus. Hard palate The ant portion of the roof of the mouth is formed by palatine processes of the maxilla The joining between the processes occurs in the midline Cleft palate is a congenital defect occurs when there is no complete joining between the processes The posterior portion of the hard palate is formed by the palatine bones horizontal and vertical Zygomatic bones Form the lower outer portion of the orbit Temporal process is projecting posteriory to join the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (zygomatic arch) Zygomatic prominence is a positioning land mark in the zygomatic bone Nasal conchae 2 bones located in the nasal cavity on the lateral walls 3 pairs: the superior and middle conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone The inferior nasal conchae are part of the facial bone Nasal septum Nasal septum is formed by ethmoid and vomer Superiory formed by perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Inferiory formed by the vomer Vomer The vomer is situated in the median plane, but its anterior portion is frequently bent to one or other side. It is thin, somewhat quadrilateral in shape, and forms the lower part of the nasal septum. Articulations The vomer articulates with six bones: two of the cranium, the sphenoid and ethmoid; and four of the face, the two maxill and the two palatine bones; it also articulates with the septal cartilage of the nose. Palatine bones The palatine bone is situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It contributes to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit Mandible The largest movable bone of the facial bones The angle of the mandible divides it into 2 parts: body and ramous The body extends from the one angle to the other Ramous is located superior to the angle The union of the mandibles halves is the symphysis menti Mental protuberance (mental point) is below the symphysis menti Mental foramina is located on each side of the body Alveolar process forms the upper portion of the body The upper portion of ramus is U shape (mandibular notch) The process on the Ant side of the notch is the coronoid process The process on the post side of the notch is the condyle process TMJ is located anterior to the EAM Paranasal sinuses Maxillary (facial) Frontal (cranial) Ethmoid (cranial) Sphenoid (cranial)