1 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Progress on FCEV development and conditions for FCEV market

introduction

Dr. Jörg Wind, 01st of October 2013 Daimler AG

F-Cell Symposium 2013, Stuttgart

2 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Drive portfolio for the mobility of tomorrow

Long Distance Interurban City Traffic

Efficient Combustion Engine

Hybrid Drive

Plug-in Hybrid

Electric Vehicle wit Fuel Cell

Electric Vehicle with Battery

B-Class F-CELL

smart fortwo electric drive

S500 Plug-in HYBRID

S 400 HYBRID

ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC

Emission free mobility Combustion drive

3 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

0 120 60 40 20 240 220 200 180 160

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

FCV (Wind-Electricity, Grid, Centr. Electrolysis, CH2, Hybrid-FCV)

BEV (Wind-/PV-/Water-Electricity,

Grid, Battery EV Li-Ion)

PHFCV (Wind-Electricity, Grid, Centr. Electrolysis,

CH2, PlugIn Hybrid-FCV) FCV (NG 4000km, OS-Comp, CH2,

Hybrid-FCV) BEV

(EU-Electricity-Mix, Grid, Battery EV Li-Ion)

Gasoline

Adv. Hybrid (Gasoline)

Diesel Adv. Hybrid

(Diesel) CNG

Hybrid ICE

ICE

200

140 100 80

Battery-EV Hybrid FC-EV

Energy Consumption Well-to-Wheel [MJ/100km]

*GHG: Green House Gas

GH

G* E

mis

sion

s [g

CO

2eq/

km]

Electric drive trains are a real step to reduce energy consumption and green-house emissions. Using EVs means a significant step forward.

Fuel Cell: High range (>400 km), short refueling time (3 min), Applicable for different vehicle concepts Battery: Optimal operation in compact cars for the city traffic (100-150 km), Recharging over night

CO2- and Energy comparison

4 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Hydrogen has the potential as a future energy carrier Weight and volume of energy storage options for 500 km range

Diesel

System Fuel

43 kg 33 kg

46 L 37 L

Hydrogen CGH2 700bar

System Fuel

125 kg 6 kg

260 L 170 L

Lithium-ion battery

System Cells

830 kg 540 kg

670 L 360 L

6 kg H2 = 200 kWh chemical energy 100 kWh electrical energy

The hydrogen fuel cell storage system has a mass of about 125 kg and can be refueled within three-to-five minutes.

Source: GM - N. Brinkman, U. Eberle, V. Formanski, U. D. Grebe, R. Matthé Vehicle Electrification – Quo Vadis? Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 12 (Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik) Nr. 749, vol. 1, p. 186-215, ISBN 978-3-18-374912-6

5 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Concepts- and feasibility studies Fit for daily use / Fleet test Small series demonstration

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Necar 3 Necar 5

Necar 4 Necar 2 A-Class F-CELL F600 A-Class F-CELL

Advanced

Methanol

Necar 1 Nebus Fuel Cell Sprinter Fuel Cell Citaro Fuel Cell Sprinter

Next Generation

Series

Fuel Cell Sprinter

B-Class F-CELL

2007 2010 2008 2009 2017

Passenger cars

Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid

Activities of DAIMLER AG within Fuel Cell Vehicles

Light- + heavy-duty vehicles

History of Fuel Cell Vehicles - almost 20 years of Experience

6 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Technical data Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL

Electric Drive Train

Technology PM (permanent magnet motor)

Transmission compound-planetary + bevel gear differential

Power (c/p*) 70/100 kW

Torque 290 Nm

Efficiency > 88 %

Battery System Technology Li-Ion-Battery, 60 Cells

Power (18 s./ 5 s.) 30/34 kW

Nominal voltage 212 V (3,54 V/cell)

Nominal capacity 6.8 Ah

Energy content 1.4 kWh

Volume 44 l

Fuel Cell System Air module Screw w/o expander

Humidifier Gas-to-gas humidifier

Power 80 kW

# Cell rows 2

# Cells 396

Cold start ability - 25 °C

H2-Tank System Pressure 700 bar

Volume 106 l

Weight 114.4 kg

Capacity 3.7 kg H2

Refuelling time ~ 3min (H2 precooled)

7 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Fuel cell

The significantly more compact dimensions would allow a accommodation in the engine compartment of a conventional vehicle.

Through a further modularization of the fuel cell specific components, the packaging of future generations of FC vehicles will be simplified.

Packaging of Fuel Cell System

Future Technology Target Today (B-Class F-CELL)

Reduction of ~ 30%

8 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Market Preparation – Worldwide Fleet Operation

Fleet demonstration of the current generation of electric vehicles with fuel cell (B-Class F-CELL, Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid) since the end of 2010 in Germany, Europe and the USA.

North America 70 B-Class F-CELL vehicles Europe 130 B-Class F-CELL vehicles

Fleet Demonstration California

Fleet Demonstration

1) Projected

Hamburg

Berlin

Fleet Demonstration Oslo

Small Series B-Class F-CELL (ca. 200 units)

Small Series Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid (ca. 30 units)

Fleet Demonstration in diverse Europ. Cities

1)

Fleet demonstration with the current generation of Fuel Cell vehicles

Frankfurt

Stuttgart

9 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Successful daily operations in customer hands Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL – Customer voices …

I never experienced any restrictions because it is a gas vehicle. I frequently take the F-CELL on the ferry.

I am driving the future. Literally.

My 13year old kid “forced” me to demonstrate the car at school to his class mates. The FCEV was clearly the most special car around.

10 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Infrastructure

Challenges of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology

Power density Cooling system Hydrogen storage Durability

Fuel cell system & stack

Power electronics H2 tank system

Reliable refueling technology

Build-up of an area-wide infrastructure

Technology Supplier Industry

Cost

H2 production at competitive prices

Availability of renewable produced hydrogen

Infrastructure Hydrogen cost

Development of a competitive component supplier network

Establishing and maintaining network

Joint funding projects to address demands

Mass Market

11 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Technical Advancements of Daimler’s Fuel Cell Vehicles

Top Speed Range Durability

[miles]

+135%

[l/100km]

-16%

[hours]

+100% +30%

[cu. Ft.]

-40% +21%

[kW] [mph]

GEN 1 A-Class F-CELL

GEN 2 B-Class F-CELL

Next Generation “target”

Size H2 Consumption

Power

From generation to generation great technical improvements in numerous technical areas.

12 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

125 days 14 countries 3 B-Class F-CELL Appr. 30,000 km per vehicle 29 Legs 2 refuellings per day Up to 1,000 km per day

Technology: Demonstration of technical maturity Mercedes-Benz F-CELL World Drive 2011!

DAIMLER AG demonstrated the reliability and technical maturity of their B-Classes F-CELL and their leadership in this technology.

13 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Infrastructure: The way to an area-wide H2-Infrastructure (Example Germany)

Chicken-Egg Dilemma

Clean Energy Partnership (2002-2016)

H2 Mobility (since 2009)

Daimler/Linde Cooperation (until 2016)

H2 Mobility Joint Venture (from 2013)

I

II

III

IV

Initiative for build-up of nationwide H2-Infrastructure. Development of a business plan and joint venture negotiations were

the first steps

20 new H2 fuelling stations are planned in Germany in a cooperation with The Linde Group and Daimler AG. The first station will be built

in 2013

Transformation of H2 Mobility to a Joint Venture

H2 and FC Demonstration project in following federal states: Berlin, Hamburg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Württemberg

No vehicles without the infrastructure, no infrastructure without vehicles

14 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Daimler Commitment: 20 H2-refuelling stations as a catalyst for the market introduction of fuel cell technology

Key Facts Approximate allocation of 20 FS • 20 new H2 refuelling stations (FS) will be built from 2013

jointly by Daimler and Linde with support of federal government

• Refuelling stations primarily in „high-density“ regions (e.g. Baden-Württemberg), metropolis and corridors

• Germany as first country, which will get an area-wide H2-infrastructure

2011 2012 2013 2014 Discussions with retail partners and location agreements 20 H2-refuelling stations until 2015

Excisting FS

Add new FS

2015

H2 Mobility Joint Venture

15 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

H2 Infrastructure world-wide in 2013 (700 bar + public accessible)

5 FS in operation

• H2movesSkandinavia 2010 – 2012: (vehicles from Daimler, Hyundai and TH!NK), Rollout of 10 B-Class F-CELL

• Active H2 and FC-Initiatives in those countries (Hydrogen Link, HyNor, Hydrogen Sweden)

Scandinavia

7 FS in operation, 2 FS planned (until the end of 2013)*

• Demonstration projects within CaFCP

• Further initiatives e.g. Hawaii Hydrogen Initiative (H2I), SunHydro

USA

2 FS in operation

• Active H2 and FC-Initiatives (UK Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association)

• Interest in H2 e.g. Politics • UK H2-Mobility: Developing a

rollout strategy for H2 transport in the UK

Great Britain

15 FS in operation, 2 FS under construction, 20 planned

(until the end of 2015)

• CEP Activities 2011 – 2016: Demonstration projects

• Cooperation Daimler AG & Linde Group until 2015: Build up of 20 FS

• H2-Mobility: Project to facilitate an area-wide infrastructure in Germany

Germany

• 350 bar FS were built and FCEVs operated for Olympic Games and Expo 2010

• Currently there are limited activities for further development of H2 Infrastructure

China

5 FS in operation

• Demonstration projects within JHFC and follower projects

• Build up of H2 FS in 4 Metropolis with highway connection until 2015 (MoU between OEMs and Infrastructure operators)

Japan

3 FS in operation

• According to Green Car Roadmap there should be 43 FS build until 2015 and 168 until 2020 in South-Korea

• Incentives for build up of FS will amount 70% until 2014 and 50% until 2018

• 100.000 FCEVs should be sold until 2020 • Incentives for FCEVs will be implemented in 2015

South-Korea

FS = Fuelling Station * In Los Angeles Area build up of FS within California Fuel Cell Partnership

Time to start the roll-out of H2-refuelling infrastructure

16 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Cost Potentials of the Fuel Cell Technology

1) Total Cost of Ownership

The cost for the fuel cell power train are currently much higher than those from conventional drive systems. They can be reduced considerably through scale effects and technology advances.

A reduction of the costs on the level of conventional drive trains is possible. Regarding the TCO1 comparable values to conventional drive systems are reachable.

Cost reduction through scale effects

Cos

ts P

ower

Tra

in p

er V

ehic

le

Technology Generation I

A-Class F-CELL

Technology Generation II

B-Class F-CELL

Technology Mass Market

Hybrid

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Hybrid

Cost reduction through establishment of a competitive supply industry

Cost reduction through technical advances II

Cost reduction through technical advances I

17 Dr. Jörg Wind / Daimler AG

Thanks for your attention!