Optical Modeling of Extra Oral Defects / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Extra-oral films
-
Upload
amira-gamal -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
19 -
download
0
Transcript of Extra-oral films
![Page 1: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Extra-Oral Films
![Page 2: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Amira GamalAmira Mahmoud
Engy ThabetEngy AhmedAndrew Ezat
![Page 3: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Extra-oral filmsThey are films used outside the oral cavity
![Page 4: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How to use ????
![Page 5: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Supply• Boxes of extra-oral films may contain different quantities either 25, 50 or 100 films.
• Each film lies between two pieces of protective paper to separate films from each other.
• The entire group of films is wrapped in lead foil for protection.
• Boxes of extra-oral films are labeled with the type of film , film size , the total number of films enclosed and expiration date.
![Page 6: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types Screen films: Non-screen
filmsThe majority of extra-oral films
they are placed between two special intensifying screens, and all are kept in a cassette.
They are more sensitive to fluorescent light
They don't require intensifying screens for exposure.
They are exposed directly to X-rays.
![Page 7: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sizes
Films for skull views
Films for panoramic views 5×7 inches (13×18 cm) 8×10 inches (20×26 cm).. the most commonly used6.5×8.5 inches 10×12 inches
5×12 inches (13×30 cm)6×12 inches (15×30 cm) the most commonly used
![Page 8: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Indications A. Skull views B. Panoramic views
![Page 9: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
oEvaluation of growth and development.oExamination of multiple impacted
teeth.oExamination of TMJ, Maxillary
Sinus, and trauma.oDetect pathology in the jaws.oDetect the complete extent of a
large lesion.oUsed as alternative to intra-oral
films in case of severe gagging ,trismus and children.
A.Skull views
![Page 10: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B.Panoramic viewso In case of impacted teeth , implants and dentures o Fractures o Orthodontics treatment o Shows cysts , tumors and any pathology of the jaws . o Shows sinuses and floor of the nose.oEvaluation of carotid arteries calcifications.
Hemimandibulectomy
![Page 11: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Intensifying ScreenIt is a device that converts X-rays to visible light.It intensifies the effect of the X-ray photons by producing a larger number of light photons.
serves as a mechanical support for the phosphor layer.intercepts light headed in other direction and redirects it to the film. absorbs the X-ray photon and convert it to visible light that is recorded by the film.makes the screen resistant to abrasion and damage caused by handling.
![Page 12: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Actions
![Page 13: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cassettes Contents of a CassetteCassette front: made of plastic, aluminum or carbon fibers to allows more rays to pass and thus reducing patient exposure.Two intensifying screens. The screen film.Felt padding: to assure intimate and even contact between film & screens.Cassette back: made of lead.
![Page 14: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types Rigid Cassettes Curved Cassettes
![Page 15: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Screen film Emulsion of extra-oral screen films which are made of silver halide is designed to be more sensitive to light rather than x-ray photons.
No embossed dot found on the surface facing the X-ray as in intraoral films. Because, they are used in cassettes that have letter R or L made of lead on exposure side of the cassettes.
![Page 16: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
STANDARD SILVER HALIDE emulsion is sensitive to → Blue light.MODIFIED SILVER HALIDE emulsion with U.V sensitizers is sensitive to → Ultraviolet light ORTHOCHROMATIC emulsion is sensitive to → Green light this is faster two times and has better clarity of most diagnostic tasks, so they are the most commonly used extra-oral films in panoramic and cephalometric radiography.PANCHROMATIC emulsion is sensitive to → Red light.
Different emulsions are sensitive to different colors:
![Page 17: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Any Questions ?
![Page 18: Extra-oral films](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58ecdb651a28abdc698b475d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Thank you