Expressions of Emotions

8/10/2019 Expressions of Emotions

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Expressions of

emotionsSurprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, sadness


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Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Anger, Happiness, Sadness


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Surprise


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Fear, Surprise, Happiness, Disgust, Anger, Sadness


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Disgust


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7/34Anger


8/34Fear, Surprise, Happiness, Disgust, Anger, Sadness


9/34Fear


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11/34Anger


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13/34Sadness


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15/34Happiness


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17/34Disgust


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19/34Happiness


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The Face as a Multisignal,Multimessage system

Static signals (skin pigmentation) Slow signals (wrinkles)

Rapid signals (emotions) Emblematic messages Conversational punctuators

Emotions: Mock expressions Macro-expressions

Micro-expressions


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When do we look at each others faces?

Checking for the listeners emotionsListeners responses (mm-hmm, uh-huh, isthat so) Giving the other person the chance to take

the floor Specific professions

Lovers Why not look? Politeness!


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Why do we sometimes miss theinterlocutors emotions?

Facial expressions can be controlled and

uncontrolled.

Too many visual and auditory signals!

Controlled:1. Cultural display rules

2. Personal display rules3. Vocational reasons4. Need of the moment


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Facial Management Techniques

1. Qualifying(adding a further expression as acomment on the showed expression)2. Modulating(adjusting the intensity of the felt

emotion)3. Falsifying

Simulating

Neutralizing Masking


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How to spot a liar?

1. Morphology2. Timing3. Micro expressions


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Research on expressions of emotions

Darwins Theory of Evolution:Facial expressions of emotions are universal!

Experiments

Universal emotions: surprise, fear, disgust,

anger, happiness, sadness

Emotional Atlas


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Emotion 1: Surprise

Brows are raised, curvedand high.The skin below the brow isstretched

Horizontal wrinkles goacross the forehead.The eyelids are opened, theupper lid is raised, and thelower lid is drawn down;the white of the eye (sclera)

shows above the iris andoften below as well.The jaw drops open so thelips and teeth are parted, butthere is no tension or

stretching of the mouth.

E ti 2


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Emotion 2:Fear

The brows are raised anddrawn together.The wrinkles in theforehead are in the center,

not across the entireforehead.The upper eyelid israised, exposing thesclera, and the lowereyelid is tensed and

drawn up.The mouth is open, andthe lips are either tensedslightly and drawn backor stretched and drawn

back.


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Emotion 3: Disgust

The upper lip israised. The lower lipis also raised andpushed up to theupper lip, or islowered and slightlyshowing.The nose is wrinkledThe cheeks are raisedThe lines show below

the lower lid.The lid is pushed upbut not tense.The brow is lowered,lowering the upper

lid


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Emotion 4: Anger

The brows are lowered and drawntogether, and vertical lines appearbetween them.The lower lids are tensed and may ormay not be raised.

The upper lids are tensed and may ormay not be lowered by the action ofthe brows.The eyes have a hard stare and mayhave a bulging appearance.

The lips are 1) pressed firmlytogether, with the corners straight ordown, 2) open and tensed in asquarish shape, as if shouting.The nostrils may be dilated

There is ambiguity unless anger isregistered in all three facial areas


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Emotion 5: Happiness

The corners of the lips are drawnback and upThe mouth may or may not beparted, with teeth exposed or not.A wrinkle, the nasolabial fold,

runs down from the nose to theouter edge beyond the lip corners.The cheeks are raised.The lower eyelids show wrinklesbelow them and may be raised

but not tense.Crow's-feet wrinkles go outwardfrom the outer cornersof the eye


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Emotion 6: Sadness

The inner corners of theeyebrows are drawn up.The skin below the eyebrowsis triangulated, with the innercorner up.

The upper eyelid inner cornersare raised.The corners of the lips aredown, or the lips aretrembling.


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Facial expression and health

o Internalizers and externalizers: reactivity to heartrate measuring and electrodermal responding

o Repressed style of emotional expression-

indications of coronary artery disease

o Women/ anger/ arthritis symptomso Women/ sad/ skin problems

o Alexithymia/ psychosomatic problems

o Facial feedback hypothesis: If an emotion is freelyexpressed, it will be intensified


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References:

1. Darwin, C. (1872) The Expression of the Emotion in Man and Animals.London: John Muray.

2. Ekman, P. and Friesen, W. F. (2003) Unmasking the Face: A Guide toRecognizing Emotions from Human Expressions. Cambridge: Malor Books.

3. Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York: Times Books.

4. Knapp, M. and Hall, J. (2010) Nonverbal Communication in HumanInteraction. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.

5. Matsumoto, D. (2009) Culture and Emotional Expression. Available fromhttp://www.davidmatsumoto.com/ [Accessed: April 8, 2013].

6. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1989).American-Japanese cultural differences in

intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion. Motivation & Emotion, 13 (2):143157.7. Thompson, J. (1941). Development of facial expression of emotion in blind and

seeing children. Archives of Psychology, 37: 147
http://www.davidmatsumoto.com/http://www.davidmatsumoto.com/http://www.davidmatsumoto.com/http://www.davidmatsumoto.com/


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Expressions of Emotions

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