Exploring Emerging Exploring Emerging Democracies: Preparing Democracies: Preparing Pre-Service Candidates Pre-Service Candidates for teaching in a Global for teaching in a Global SocietySociety

Farizeh Bedaiwi, Micheal Bruno, Farizeh Bedaiwi, Micheal Bruno, Eric Loesch, Trey Mitchell, Eric Loesch, Trey Mitchell, Jessica Philibert, Erin Reardon, Jessica Philibert, Erin Reardon, Patrick Sheehey, Samantha Patrick Sheehey, Samantha WesternWestern

Collaboration Collaboration

IntroductionIntroduction

What do you feel defines your What do you feel defines your national identity?national identity?

Do you feel you have a strong Do you feel you have a strong

national identity?national identity?

Kievan RusKievan Rus The Importance of the first settlers in the The Importance of the first settlers in the

UkraineUkraine Present day countries that compromised Present day countries that compromised

Kievan Rus’:Kievan Rus’:– UkraineUkraine– Western RussiaWestern Russia– Belarus.Belarus.

Different cultures and ethnicities made up Different cultures and ethnicities made up Kievan RusKievan Rus

This area was first settled in 860 A.D. by a This area was first settled in 860 A.D. by a Scandinavian Band of peoples known as Scandinavian Band of peoples known as Varangians.Varangians.

Kievan Rus’—Ethnic Kievan Rus’—Ethnic BackgroundBackground

Slavic Slavic principalitiesprincipalities

Rurik Dynasty- Rurik Dynasty- first dynasty in first dynasty in Kievan RusKievan Rus

Beginning of the Beginning of the pattern of foreign pattern of foreign influence on the influence on the areaarea

Principalities of Kievan Rus

Golden Age of KievGolden Age of Kiev Competetion for rule over Competetion for rule over

Kievan RusKievan Rus This competetion for the This competetion for the

throne led to much throne led to much violence amongst the violence amongst the Kievan PrincesKievan Princes

Suffering through Suffering through political, cultural, and political, cultural, and economic turmoil economic turmoil

Vladimir the Great (980-Vladimir the Great (980-1015)1015)Vladimir the

Great

Reign of Vladimir to Mongol Reign of Vladimir to Mongol InvasionInvasion

Shift in religious believesShift in religious believes Byzantine Christianity, the national Byzantine Christianity, the national

religion religion Yaroslav the Wise (1019Yaroslav the Wise (1019––1054)1054) Powerful, but still vulnerablePowerful, but still vulnerable Soon the principalities formed again as Soon the principalities formed again as

individual entities individual entities End of Kievan RusEnd of Kievan Rus’’- 1240.- 1240.

Polish-Lithuanian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Commonwealth

Ukraine fell under Ukraine fell under Polish Rule Polish Rule

Religious divisionsReligious divisions– Nobles=Catholic Nobles=Catholic

ChurchChurch– Peasants=Eastern Peasants=Eastern

Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church Enlightened MonarchyEnlightened Monarchy

– Stefan Batory Stefan Batory Stefan BatoryStefan Batory

Cossack EraCossack Era

Cossack soldiers offered Cossack soldiers offered increased salary for their increased salary for their involvement in the Polish involvement in the Polish and Lithuanian war and Lithuanian war against Russiaagainst Russia

Poland went back on Poland went back on their wordtheir word

Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the Treaty of Hadiach the Treaty of Hadiach

Example of CossacksExample of Cossacks

Russian and Austrian Russian and Austrian RuleRule Western Ukraine falls under Austrian Western Ukraine falls under Austrian

rule and the rest of the Ukraine falls rule and the rest of the Ukraine falls under Russian ruleunder Russian rule

Due to the Russo-Turkish Wars, Due to the Russo-Turkish Wars, Ottoman Empire lost southern UkraineOttoman Empire lost southern Ukraine

Nationalistic spirit reflected in creative Nationalistic spirit reflected in creative artsarts– Nikolai GogolNikolai Gogol

Massacre of TalerhofMassacre of Talerhof

Ukraine in WWIUkraine in WWI

Divided in the warDivided in the war Ukraine caught between the falls of Ukraine caught between the falls of

the Russian and Austrian Empirethe Russian and Austrian Empire Between 1917 and 1918 Ukraine in Between 1917 and 1918 Ukraine in

anarchyanarchy Polish-Soviet War- Western part of Polish-Soviet War- Western part of

Ukraine goes to Poland and the central Ukraine goes to Poland and the central and eastern parts go to the Soviet and eastern parts go to the Soviet UnionUnion

Soviet Ukraine (Ukrainian Soviet Ukraine (Ukrainian Soviet Republic)Soviet Republic) Ukrainian National IdeaUkrainian National Idea Cultural Revival- “Korenization”Cultural Revival- “Korenization” Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church Economic PoliciesEconomic Policies

– CollectivizationCollectivization– Famine (1933)Famine (1933)

Ukraine in WWIIUkraine in WWII

Nazi Germany + allies invasion of Nazi Germany + allies invasion of Soviet Union in 1941Soviet Union in 1941– ““Liberators”Liberators”– A sovereign ‘Greater Ukraine’A sovereign ‘Greater Ukraine’– Resistance Resistance

Soviets “save”Soviets “save” Myth Myth Death and Death and DestructionDestruction

Soviet Ukrainian IdentitySoviet Ukrainian Identity

Identification (by Ukrainians)Identification (by Ukrainians)– with Soviet Unionwith Soviet Union

Discrimination under Soviet UnionDiscrimination under Soviet Union Soviet Russian Leaders-trusted and Soviet Russian Leaders-trusted and

identified with Ukrainiansidentified with Ukrainians– More than any other nationality (since More than any other nationality (since

the Jews in the 1920’s) the Jews in the 1920’s) IndependenceIndependence

– DesireDesire

Ukrainian Ukrainian IndependenceIndependence

On July 16, 1990 the Verkhovna Rada of On July 16, 1990 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukrainian SSR adopted the Declaration of State Ukrainian SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine.Sovereignty of Ukraine.

A referendum and the first presidential A referendum and the first presidential elections took place on December 1, 1991. That elections took place on December 1, 1991. That day, more than 90 percent of the Ukrainian day, more than 90 percent of the Ukrainian people expressed their support for the Act of people expressed their support for the Act of Independence, and they elected the chairman Independence, and they elected the chairman of the parliament, Leonid Kravchuk to serve as of the parliament, Leonid Kravchuk to serve as the first President of the country.the first President of the country.

What are the What are the components of Cultural components of Cultural Identity?Identity? Literature, Folklore, Customs, Literature, Folklore, Customs,

Music, Art, Social Attitudes and Music, Art, Social Attitudes and LanguageLanguage

One Culture?One Culture?

Ukraine is made up of the following Ukraine is made up of the following ethnic groups: Belarussians, ethnic groups: Belarussians, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Hungarians, Jews, Poles, Hungarians, Jews, Poles, Romanians/Moldovans, and Romanians/Moldovans, and Russians.Russians.

These ethnic groups have various These ethnic groups have various cultures which derive from the same cultures which derive from the same common familycommon family

Commonly OverlookedCommonly Overlooked

Language as a component of Language as a component of National Identity.National Identity.

Can these differences cause a Can these differences cause a split of the country or ethnic split of the country or ethnic separation?separation?

Language LawsLanguage Laws

Language Laws were passed shortly Language Laws were passed shortly after the 1991 vote of Independence.after the 1991 vote of Independence.

Many of the ethnic groups within Many of the ethnic groups within Ukraine did not fully support such Ukraine did not fully support such laws. Some groups believed it gave laws. Some groups believed it gave too much leeway allowing Russian to too much leeway allowing Russian to be spoken unofficially. While others be spoken unofficially. While others did not want to be forced to speak a did not want to be forced to speak a language foreign to them.language foreign to them.

Language in UkraineLanguage in UkraineNative language (according to annual surveys by the Institute of Sociology of

the National Academy of Sciences):

19919944

19919955

19919966

19919977

19919988

19919999

20020000

20020011

20020022

20020033

20020044

20020055

RR 34.734.7 37.837.8 36.136.1 35.135.1 36.536.5 36.136.1 35.135.1 38.138.1 34.534.5 38.138.1 35.735.7 34.134.1

Spoken language in family (at home) (according to annual surveys by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences)

19919944

19919955

19919966

19919977

19919988

19919999

20020000

20020011

20020022

20020033

20020044

20020055

R R 32.432.4 32.832.8 33.133.1 34.534.5 33.433.4 33.633.6 36.036.0 36.736.7 33.233.2 36.036.0 34.334.3 36.436.4

R/UR/U 29.429.4 34.534.5 29.629.6 26.826.8 28.428.4 29.029.0 24.824.8 25.825.8 28.028.0 25.225.2 26.326.3 21.621.6

QuestionQuestion

Will this cause a split in the U.S. if Will this cause a split in the U.S. if it becomes a one language it becomes a one language country or a bilingual country.country or a bilingual country.

Viktor Yushchenko-Viktor Yushchenko-PresidentPresident

Our Ukraine BlocOur Ukraine Bloc– free market economyfree market economy

– pro-West foreign pro-West foreign policypolicy

– support from support from Western UkraineWestern Ukraine

– Ukrainian nationalismUkrainian nationalism

Viktor Yanukovych-Prime Viktor Yanukovych-Prime MinisterMinister

Party of the Party of the RegionsRegions– largest party in largest party in

parliamentparliament– support from support from

Eastern Ukraine Eastern Ukraine – support of close ties support of close ties

with Russiawith Russia– defends defends

government of a government of a few strong few strong economic and economic and political groupspolitical groups

January 2005January 2005 Yushchenko was sworn into the Yushchenko was sworn into the

presidency. He won a re-vote against presidency. He won a re-vote against Yanukovych after the results of an Yanukovych after the results of an initial presidential poll favoring initial presidential poll favoring Yanukovych were thrown out by the Yanukovych were thrown out by the country’s Supreme Court following country’s Supreme Court following allegations of fraud.allegations of fraud.

January 2006January 2006 The parliament voted to dissolve the The parliament voted to dissolve the

government. government.

Yushchenko, the president, criticized Yushchenko, the president, criticized the constitutional changes that the constitutional changes that limited his authority as president and limited his authority as president and expanded the authority of expanded the authority of parliament. He called for an entirely parliament. He called for an entirely new constitution. new constitution.

In 2007In 2007 To make peace the President To make peace the President

(Yushchenko) appointed his opponent (Yushchenko) appointed his opponent from the elections in 2005 (Yanukovych) from the elections in 2005 (Yanukovych) as prime minister. as prime minister.

Power struggle--President vs Prime Power struggle--President vs Prime Minister/parliamentMinister/parliament

government is at a stand still because government is at a stand still because there is a question as to which group has there is a question as to which group has more power the president or the more power the president or the parliament parliament

Let’s reflect!Let’s reflect!

Why didn’t this Why didn’t this happen in the US happen in the US after independence after independence but it can happen but it can happen in the Ukraine?in the Ukraine?

How can this crisis How can this crisis be solved?be solved?

Does this crisis Does this crisis matter in the wider matter in the wider world? If so, how?world? If so, how?