Exploration and the Colonial Era
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Transcript of Exploration and the Colonial Era
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Exploration and the Colonial Era
Chapter 1
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Constitution Articles of Confederation End of Revolution Beginning of Revolution Colonization Natives Beringia
Where should U.S. History start? Defend your answer!
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Turn to your partner and share your ideas and reasons with each other. The person with the biggest shoe size should start. Tie breakers will be determined by largest hands. That person will share first all class period.
Does anyone want to share their partner’s brilliant idea? (Names first)
Write your response
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What could the three worlds be?◦ America◦ Europe◦ Africa
Three Worlds Meet
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The Americas, West Africa, and Europe
Section 1
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What do you already know about the different societies on the American Continent at the time that the three worlds met?◦ What societies existed?◦ What were some of the characteristics of those
societies?
◦ Share with partner, share as a group.
The Americas
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Beringia (land bridge between Asia & America)
Nomadic Tribes and their characteristics◦ Move around◦ Follow Food (Hunter/Gatherers)◦ Even food without feet moves
What has to happen first for nomadic tribes to transform into civilizations?◦ Write your response◦ Share with your partner◦ Good Answers? (On board)
Early American Civilizations
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Maya: Yucatan, 250AD and 900AD Aztec: Valley of Mexico, 1200’s Inca: South America, 1400
Write down 3 facts that you already know about each of the societies listed above.
Early American Civilizations
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Mayan Temple & Aztec Sacrifice
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Anasazi: Southwest Desert, 300BC to 1400AD
Pueblo: Southwest Desert (Anasazi descendant) 1400’s
Iroquois: Northeast Woodlands, 1400’s
Write down 3 facts that you already know about the societies listed above.
Native Societies within U.S. Borders
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Anasazi Petroglyph & Iroquois Longhouse
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Click Here
Video Clip Intermission
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Songhai: Below Sahara, 600 to 1600 Benin: Niger-Delta, 1400’s Kongo: Congo River, 1400’s
Islam◦ Where did it start, by whom, how did it spread to
Africa? Portugal and Slaves
◦ What does Portugal have to do with the slave trade?
West African Societies
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Songhai Ruins & Kongo Slaves
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Social Hierarchy Christianity (Crusades) Reformation Renaissance
Define each of the terms above and how they apply to European society in the 1400’s.
Europe in the 1400’s
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DaVinci & Michelangelo
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Lateen Sails (to sail more directly into the wind)
Shallow Draft (for easier coastal exploration)
Large Cargo Hold & Hatch (to carry more stuff and make more money)
Sternpost Rudder (for greater maneuverability)
New Sailing Technologies
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Portuguese Caravel
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Spanish North America
Section 2
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Christopher Columbus
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First in October of 1492: Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria
Landed in the Bahamas, Met the Taino People, renamed San Salvador and claimed for Spain
Return to Hispaniola 1493 to colonize, make plantations and enslave Natives
Natives die by the thousands, what now? 1500 to 1800, Africa lost 10 million people
Voyages of Columbus
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Spain and Portugal 1494 Spain gets West of
line Portugal gets East
of line
Treaty of Tordesillas
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Global transfer of living things that began with Columbus and continues today.
Columbian Exchange
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Conquistadors: Spanish explorers looking for new lands for Spain rich in gold and silver
Hernando Cortes: 1519 heard about the wealthy Aztec civilization, went w/500 men to find it
Montezuma believes Cortes to be returning God, willingly hands over piles of gold
Aztec believed Montezuma was a traitor, had upraising, killed Montezuma and kicked out the Spaniards
Disease weakened Natives and made them easy pickings for the returning Cortes.
Spain Claims an Empire
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Tenochtitlan
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Mestizo: Mix with and marry into the native population
Encomienda: Force Natives into slavery Many Spaniards say encomienda system is
cruel so the monarchy abolishes it in 1542 What now?
Spanish pattern of Conquest
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Conquer lands and wealthy civilizations (Aztec and Inca) all over the Americas (Mexico, Guatemala, Central and South America, Florida, West and South West U.S.)
Goals: Claim land, discover wealth, convert Natives
Missions all along the South West and Western U.S.
Natives rebel. Pope led 17,000 warriors against the Spanish. Succeeded for only 12 years.
Spain’s Golden Age
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Early British ColoniesSection 3
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April 1607, land and build Jamestown Financed by joint-stock companies (vs.
monarchy) want quick return on investment Look for gold and neglect farming After 5 months of suffering, John Smith
forces them to farm, and seek help from the Natives
Settlement saved by new colonists and profitable crop (tobacco, brown gold)
Jamestown
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John Smith and Pocahontas
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Indentured Servants Slavery: First African slaves landed in
Virginia in 1619, were freed a few years later
Clash with Natives over land claims (remember Pocahontas?)
Unlike Spanish, English do not mix with Natives
Colonies Continue
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Puritans felt like English split with Catholic church did not go far enough.
Came to America to gain religious freedom 1620 founded Plymouth colony (2nd
permanent English settlement in America) Massachusetts Bay Colony: led by John
Winthrop. Right to vote only to adult male church members. No separation of church and state, taxes went to church & laws concerning church attendance.
Puritan New England
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After 40 years of growing tension between Natives and colonists
Several tribes unite under Wampanoag Chief Metacom (King Philip)
Spring 1765, starts attacking and burning colonists
Made it to the outskirts of Boston before giving up due to starvation and disease.
King Philip’s War
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1621 Dutch West India company given permission to colonize in America
Interested in American fur trade Drive out and take over New Sweden Taken over by British (wedge) in 1664 Duke of York new owner so New Amsterdam
becomes New York. Gives a portion to some friends and call it
New Jersey (after British Island)
New Netherlands
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Late 1600’s founded by William Penn Quaker (Equality, pacifism, religious
tolerance, democracy) Pays the Natives for their land and tried to
live in peace with them
Pennsylvania
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Founded by the British in the 1600’s and 1700’s
Existed for the benefit of New England Mercantilism: find gold and silver and/or
establish a positive balance of trade.
Thirteen Colonies
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Passed by British in 1651◦ Countries could only trade with colonies if goods
were transported on British ships◦ Vessels had to operated by crews that were at
least ¾ British◦ Certain products could only be exported to
England◦ Goods traded between the colonies and Europe
had to go through an English port
Navigation Acts
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The Colonies Come of Age
Section 4
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Begins in the South mostly because of the geography
Huge, self-sufficient, one crop farms. Labor intensive Required Slaves
Plantation Economy
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Slave Trade portion of Triangular Trade Brutal, unsanitary, cramped conditions 13% expected to die during journey
90% work in fields Try to keep their culture alive despite
beatings Many rebellions, some successful (Stono)
Middle Passage
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Slave Ship
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Geography lends itself to industry and commerce, not plantations
Powerful and wealthy merchant class Large cities develop Most of the money is in the North
Commerce in the North
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Movement that started in Europe after the Renaissance
Renewed interest in science and reason, beyond religion and tradition
Enlightenment
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Started as a Puritan movement aimed at rekindling the dying flame of strict religious practices.
Religious revivals held by people like John Edwards.
Great Awakening
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Archrivals: England and France, particularly aggressive through 1600’s and 1700’s
French and Indian War