American ArtAmerican Art

Colonial America – Early Colonial America – Early 1900s1900s

Colonial Era 1600-1800Colonial Era 1600-1800

In the beginning focus was on navigation and exploration. In the beginning focus was on navigation and exploration. Jamestown, 1607 Jamestown, 1607 English trying to catch up with Spain and France. Was English trying to catch up with Spain and France. Was

known as the first English success. known as the first English success. John Smith John Smith Plymouth, 1620Plymouth, 1620 Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact Mass Bay, 1630Mass Bay, 1630 The Enlightenment, 1695The Enlightenment, 1695 The Great Awakening, 1739The Great Awakening, 1739 George WashingtonGeorge Washington 11stst Congress Congress Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

Jeremiah Theus, Jeremiah Theus, Mrs. Thomas Mrs. Thomas

Lynch,1755Lynch,1755, Oil, Oil Portrait paintingPortrait painting Dressed in upper class Dressed in upper class

gown, with pined gown, with pined flower.flower.

Swiss immigrant Swiss immigrant made a thriving thirty-made a thriving thirty-year career as a year career as a portrait painter in portrait painter in cosmopolitan cosmopolitan Charleston, South Charleston, South Carolina.  Carolina. 

Joseph Blackburn, Joseph Blackburn, Elizabeth Browne Elizabeth Browne Rogers, Rogers, 1761, Oil on canvas, 50 x 40"1761, Oil on canvas, 50 x 40"

The sitter, Elizabeth The sitter, Elizabeth Browne, was the Browne, was the daughter of the daughter of the Anglican rector of Anglican rector of Portsmouth, New Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  Hampshire. 

Most likely painted Most likely painted on the occasion of on the occasion of her marriage.her marriage.

John Singleton Copley, John Singleton Copley, John John Spooner,Spooner,1763 Oil on canvas1763 Oil on canvas

The rise of the The rise of the Americana movement Americana movement after World War I after World War I secured Copley's secured Copley's reputation as the reputation as the premier colonial premier colonial portrait painter portrait painter

Traditional Portrait for Traditional Portrait for 17631763

Charles Willson Peale, Charles Willson Peale, Mr. and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Robinson, Alexander Robinson, 17951795, , OilOil

As the paterfamilias of the As the paterfamilias of the most important family of most important family of painters in American painters in American history, Peale guaranteed history, Peale guaranteed his reputation through his his reputation through his progeny as well as in his progeny as well as in his contributions to the natural contributions to the natural sciences and the founding sciences and the founding of the first public museum of the first public museum in the United States.  in the United States. 

The sitters are the artist's The sitters are the artist's daughter and her daughter and her husband. husband. 

Jacksonian Era 1800-1875Jacksonian Era 1800-1875 At the beginning of this era the nation was only 25 At the beginning of this era the nation was only 25

years old years old Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-06) – they went Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-06) – they went

to learn about natural life, map the area negotiate to learn about natural life, map the area negotiate with native Americans, and find a North West with native Americans, and find a North West Passage.Passage.

The war of 1812 happened during this eraThe war of 1812 happened during this era Market Revolution (1815-40)Market Revolution (1815-40) Second Great Awakening (1825-40)Second Great Awakening (1825-40) Trail of Tears (1832-38)Trail of Tears (1832-38) Move to the Civil War – tension growing between Move to the Civil War – tension growing between

North and South North and South

Romantic Landscape and Hudson River Romantic Landscape and Hudson River SchoolSchool

Hudson River school- Hudson River school- a group of landscape a group of landscape painters of the Hudson River Valleypainters of the Hudson River Valley

Sublime Tradition- Sublime Tradition- the wild landscapes, the wild landscapes, seeking to show the vastness of nature and to be seeking to show the vastness of nature and to be awed by its beauty. To make humans feel small awed by its beauty. To make humans feel small when confronted with the powerful landscape.when confronted with the powerful landscape.

Lyrical Tradition- Lyrical Tradition- more domestic landscapesmore domestic landscapes

Thomas Doughty, Thomas Doughty, In Natures In Natures Wonderland, Wonderland, 1835, oil1835, oil

Example of the Example of the sublime traditionsublime tradition

A small person in this A small person in this vast and beautiful vast and beautiful landscape.landscape.

Doughty was born in Doughty was born in Philadelphia, a self-Philadelphia, a self-taught artist, and one taught artist, and one of the earliest of the earliest American career American career Landscape artists. Landscape artists.

John Frederick Kensett, John Frederick Kensett, Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls, 1855, oil 1855, oil Example of Luminism, a Example of Luminism, a

style of art indigenous style of art indigenous to America where to America where landscapes were landscapes were rendered through rendered through saturated light saturated light

Kensett started as an Kensett started as an engraver, then he engraver, then he worked 8 years in worked 8 years in Europe which influenced Europe which influenced his style. Kensett paints his style. Kensett paints thinly with a muted thinly with a muted palette. palette.

Frederic E. Church, Frederic E. Church, Cotopax, Cotopax, 1862, oil1862, oil

Example of Epic Example of Epic Landscape, a Landscape, a movement that movement that expanded the sublime expanded the sublime tradition to include the tradition to include the idea of Manifest idea of Manifest Destiny.Destiny.

Church was one of the Church was one of the most successful most successful painters in American painters in American history, the new world history, the new world was a great place for was a great place for him to paint scenic arthim to paint scenic art

George Inness, George Inness, Coming Storm, Coming Storm, 1878, 1878, oiloil

New Landscape Style New Landscape Style was not just vast was not just vast expanses of expanses of wilderness, but instead wilderness, but instead showed settle and showed settle and cultivated landscapescultivated landscapes

See how the farms are See how the farms are nestled in the nestled in the landscape, the smoke landscape, the smoke from the chimneys from the chimneys mixing with the clouds mixing with the clouds

William Sidney Mount, William Sidney Mount, Farmers, Farmers, 1836, 1836, oiloil

Genre Painting, shows Genre Painting, shows everyday life of everyday life of average working class.average working class.

Genre became popular Genre became popular because of publication because of publication and illustrations in and illustrations in magazines. magazines.

George Catlin, George Catlin, Buffalo Chase with Buffalo Chase with bows and lances, bows and lances, 1832-1833, oil1832-1833, oil

Paintings from the Paintings from the west, show not only west, show not only the terrain and the terrain and landscape, but also landscape, but also the Indian lifethe Indian life

George Catlin painted George Catlin painted mostly Indian portraits mostly Indian portraits and showed the native and showed the native American culture American culture

Emanuel Leutze, Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing Washington Crossing the Delaware, the Delaware, 1851, oil1851, oil

Historical paintingsHistorical paintings During the Jacksonian During the Jacksonian

era historical paintings era historical paintings had strong government had strong government supportsupport

Leutze style was a more Leutze style was a more contemporary kind of contemporary kind of historical painting, historical painting, which strove to show which strove to show individual points in individual points in history that had national history that had national significance significance

The Gilded Age: 1878 -1900The Gilded Age: 1878 -1900

This period was marked by a growth in This period was marked by a growth in industry and natural resourcesindustry and natural resources

A higher demand for transportation A higher demand for transportation arose, hence the construction of railroadsarose, hence the construction of railroads

The name Gilded Age came about The name Gilded Age came about because of the prosperity of many because of the prosperity of many business men during the time such as business men during the time such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. RockefellerAndrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

Mary CassattMary Cassatt Mary Cassatt was one of the most famous Mary Cassatt was one of the most famous

Gilded Age paintersGilded Age painters She was influenced by artists such as Degas She was influenced by artists such as Degas

and other Impressionistsand other Impressionists Her subject matters leaned towards Her subject matters leaned towards

domestic genre scenesdomestic genre scenes More intimate, sweet, gentle looking figures More intimate, sweet, gentle looking figures Emphasis on the form of figures, Emphasis on the form of figures,

incorporation of colors, shades, highlights, incorporation of colors, shades, highlights, and compositional arrangementsand compositional arrangements

La ToiletteLa Toilette, oil on canvas, 1891, oil on canvas, 1891Portrait of a Little Girl, oil on canvas, Portrait of a Little Girl, oil on canvas,

18781878

John Singer SargentJohn Singer Sargent Another Gilded Age painter living from Another Gilded Age painter living from

1856 -19251856 -1925 Most famous for his portraitsMost famous for his portraits He was also influenced by the He was also influenced by the

Impressionist movement particularly Impressionist movement particularly artists such as Velasquez and Frans Halsartists such as Velasquez and Frans Hals

Sargent also depicted every day scenes in Sargent also depicted every day scenes in his paintings, however, he seemed to have his paintings, however, he seemed to have a greater focus on the upper class a greater focus on the upper class

His portraits were characteristic of the His portraits were characteristic of the wealth of the Gilded Agewealth of the Gilded Age

Daughters of Edward D. Boit, Daughters of Edward D. Boit, oil on canvas, oil on canvas, 18821882

Madame XMadame X, oil on canvas, 1884, oil on canvas, 1884

Winslow HomerWinslow Homer

Watercolor artists who depicted outdoor Watercolor artists who depicted outdoor scenes of people at work, landscapes, etc.scenes of people at work, landscapes, etc.

He had more masculine scenes and figuresHe had more masculine scenes and figures He created his subjects in their purest He created his subjects in their purest

form (not idealized)form (not idealized) He used common citizens for his He used common citizens for his

inspiration and subject matter, particularly inspiration and subject matter, particularly fishermen and scenes of the oceanfishermen and scenes of the ocean

With watercolor he had to work from light With watercolor he had to work from light to dark in a very delicate mannerto dark in a very delicate manner

Mending the Nets, Mending the Nets, watercolor and gouache watercolor and gouache over graphite , 1882over graphite , 1882

Life LineLife Line, oil on canvas, 1884, oil on canvas, 1884

America: 1900-1920America: 1900-1920

Major Movements During this time period:Major Movements During this time period: ProgressivismProgressivism: A broad based reform movement : A broad based reform movement

that sought governmental action in solving that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of American Life including: problems in many areas of American Life including: Education, public health, the economy, the Education, public health, the economy, the environment, labor, transportation, and politics. environment, labor, transportation, and politics.

Fundamentalist MovementFundamentalist Movement: Anti-modernist : Anti-modernist Protestant Movement started in the early twentieth Protestant Movement started in the early twentieth century that proclaimed the literal truth of the bible century that proclaimed the literal truth of the bible the name came from the Fundamentals, published the name came from the Fundamentals, published by the conservative leaders.by the conservative leaders.

1900-19201900-1920

Feminism:Feminism: Movement that entered life in Movement that entered life in the early twentieth century. The the early twentieth century. The movement emphasized full equality for movement emphasized full equality for women in political, social, and personal women in political, social, and personal life.life.

Americanization of Society:Americanization of Society: Sought to convert immigrants to the “American Sought to convert immigrants to the “American

Way of Life” (Anglo-Saxon Culture)Way of Life” (Anglo-Saxon Culture) Melting Pot PhenomenonMelting Pot Phenomenon

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Imperial Hotel, Imperial Hotel, 1912-19231912-1923

Guggenheim, 1936Guggenheim, 1936

Thomas Eakins, The Chess Thomas Eakins, The Chess Players 1876Players 1876

Oil on WoodOil on Wood

Robert Henri, The Masquerade Robert Henri, The Masquerade Dress: Portrait of Mrs. Henri Dress: Portrait of Mrs. Henri

19111911 Oil on canvasOil on canvas 76 ½ x 36 ¼”76 ½ x 36 ¼”

Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, 1915-1923Bachelors, 1915-1923

272.5 x 175.8 cm272.5 x 175.8 cm Oil paint, varnish, Oil paint, varnish,

lead foil, lead wire, lead foil, lead wire, and dust on two and dust on two cracked glass cracked glass plates, each plates, each mounted between 2 mounted between 2 glass panels, in glass panels, in steel and wood steel and wood frame.frame.

Works CitedWorks Cited America’s Library America’s Library http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gildhttp://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gild

eded WebMuseum, Paris WebMuseum, Paris

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/ Artchive Artchive

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cassatt.htmlhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cassatt.html John Singer Sargent Virtual Gallery John Singer Sargent Virtual Gallery

http://www.jssgallery.org/index.htmhttp://www.jssgallery.org/index.htm ““Uncanny Spectacle The Public Career of the Young Uncanny Spectacle The Public Career of the Young

John Singer Sargent”, Marc SimpsonJohn Singer Sargent”, Marc Simpson Artchive Artchive

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/homer.htmlhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/homer.html Son of the South Son of the South

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/Winslow_Homer.htmhttp://www.sonofthesouth.net/Winslow_Homer.htm

Works CitedWorks Cited

PBS : Frank Lloyd WrightPBS : Frank Lloyd Wrightwww.pbs.orgwww.pbs.org

Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp www.understandingduchamp.comwww.understandingduchamp.com www.paraethos.com/occulturelbride.htmwww.paraethos.com/occulturelbride.htm Robert Henri Robert Henri

www.butlerart.comwww.butlerart.com The Ashcan SchoolThe Ashcan School

www.pbs.orgwww.pbs.orghttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htmho_81.14.htm

Works CitedWorks Cited

Museumsatstonybrook.orgMuseumsatstonybrook.org Atrlex.com/ArtLex/kl/luminism.htmlAtrlex.com/ArtLex/kl/luminism.html Tfaoi.comTfaoi.com American ArtAmerican Art, Brown, Hunter, , Brown, Hunter,

Jacobus, Rosenblum and Sokol, 1979, Jacobus, Rosenblum and Sokol, 1979, Pentice-Hall Inc. NJPentice-Hall Inc. NJ