Exploration and Colonization Overview
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Transcript of Exploration and Colonization Overview
Exploration and Colonization Overview
US History Exploration and Colonization Overview Ruth Lewis Alex
Green Schuyler Rideout Pequot War First Serious armed conflict
between the Native Americans
settlers of New England. Numerous previous conflicts over property,
damage to Indian fields, hunting and dishonest trade dealings. The
Pequot were outgunned, a smallpox epidemic had also weakened the
tribe. 1637, the Pequot leader Sassacus is captured, main village
destroyed and the Pequot were finished. The Causes of European
Exploration
Spain France Indentured Servants Religious toleration Free Land =
more money and High unemployment in Europe Disease (Bubonic Plague)
and famine Lack of central government Gold, God, Glory, Greed
Increase land, conquer territories Increase world status Fur Trade
god Northwest Passage Lumber or other resources toobtain export
Rise of England as an Exploration power
Religious groups (Puritans) immigrated to realize own ideal society
British forced French out of Americas with French and Indian war
Queen Elizabeth vs. King Phillip II (England vs. Spain, England
won) Colonies prospered due to Joint- stock company (Virginia
company), attracted morepeople = more power for England Tobacco
from colonies Gender equality, proved to be more successful amongst
other countries Main differences of the Spanish, French and English
Colonies
Gold, God, Glory Hostile with Native Americans, forced labor
Treated the Native Americans the worst Stratified social system Fur
Trade God Obtained manufactured goods Fair and most cooperative
with Native Americans Religious freedom Expand territory Gain power
Forced Native Americans out of their lands, treated them harshly
Main Characteristics of the New England, Middle and Southern
Colonies
MIDDLECOLONIES SOUTHERN COLONIES Puritans (Pilgrims) and
Separatists Great Awakening Mayflower & Mayflower Compact First
self-governing concept Salem Witch Trials Saw Native Americans as
lazy savages led to Pequot War, King Philips War Culturally rich
and diverse Most tolerant of all colonies and religions Women were
treated equal in Quaker faith Very fair and friendly with Native
Americans Advance fortunes and increase power of England Grew
Tobacco Indentured servantsSlaves Jamestown House of Burgesses
Bacons Rebellion While expanding, costs to transport goods grew
exponentially due to William Berkeleys heavy taxes on planters War
between Native Americans and settlers over land expansion Berkeley
balked, Nathaniel Bacon rebelled and slaughtered Native Americans
Bacon and men went to Jamestown, drowned out governor, burned town
Bacon died, rebellion collapsed Credibility of Berkeley ruined, he
was sent back to England Headright System Made to attract more
people to the colonies.
What it is: Anyone who paid for their or another persons passage to
Virginia received 50 acers of land. Enabled the wealthy to create
large plantations. Helped the population of Virginia start to grow
King Philips War Native American rebellion
Led by the chief Metacom (known as King Philip to the English) The
natives acquired guns from traders and destroyed 12 towns, the next
year they ran out of ammunition after losing access to colonial
traders. Metacom dies in battle after being shot by a praying-town
Indian The defeated Native Americans lost their land to the English
and some fled to Canada where they found refuge. House of Burgesses
First representative body in America
Male landowners over 17 voted for two Burgesses to represent their
settlement. The house had the power to make laws and raise taxes
Began a strong tradition of representative government in the
English colonies. Joint Stock Company Joint-Stock Companies-
business venture founded and run by a group of investors Shares in
companys losses and profits EX. The Virginia Company Involved in
the success of Jamestown Mercantilism Mercantilism:
nation/empire could build wealth and power by improving its
industries and manufactured goods in exchange for GOLD or SILVER
PURPOSE OF COLONIES WAS TO INCREASE THE WEALTH AND POWER OF ENGLAND
Navigation Acts THE NAVIGATION ACTS 1651 1660 1663 1733
To obtain more ships, sailors and trade, Parliament created a
series of trade laws known as the Navigation Acts THE NAVIGATION
ACTS 1651 Imported goods could be transported from Asia, Africa and
Americas to England in English ships 1660 Only sugar, tobacco,
cotton and indigo could be exported from the coloniesto England
1663 All the colonies had to import their European goods through an
English port only 1733 Increases duties increased between French
Indies and American colonies on sugar Triangular Trade North
America Great Brittan Africa
Imported: Enslaved Africans Exported: Raw Materials (Fish, rice,
tar, timber, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and gold) Imported: Raw
Materials (Fish, rice, tar, timber, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and
gold) Exported: Manufactured Goods (Metal wear, textiles, alcohol,
muskets) Imported: Manufactured Goods (Metal wear, textiles,
alcohol, muskets) Exported: Enslaved Africans Salutary Neglect This
allowed Colonists self rule as long as Great Brittan's economy was
growing. Great Awakening Religious movement that was heavily
inspired by Evangelical Preachers Jonathan Edwards was a big
influence. Puritans and Separatists
Left England for religious toleration (Went to Massachusetts)
Wanted to purify the Church of England Very devoted religion Most
intolerant of other religions SEPARATISTS: Wanted to separate from
Church of England Began their own churches No English Signed a
Mayflower Compact to govern themselves Their individualism led to
war Mayflower Compact Puritan emigrants- Pilgrims- sailed over to
the American colonies on the Mayflower ship Mayflower Compact made
by a group of settlers They agreed to form a government and obey
its laws (First idea of self-government)