US History Exploration and Colonization Overview By Michela Parisi & Ellen Emery.
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Transcript of US History Exploration and Colonization Overview By Michela Parisi & Ellen Emery.
US History
Exploration and ColonizationOverview
By Michela Parisi & Ellen Emery
Pequot War
• First Serious armed conflict between the Native Americans settlers of New England.
• Numerous previous conflicts over property, damage to Indian fields, hunting and dishonest trade dealings.
• The Pequot were outgunned, a smallpox epidemic had also weakened the tribe.
• 1637, the Pequot leader Sassacus is captured, main village destroyed and the Pequot were finished.
The Causes of European Exploration
• Potential for Wealth • Gold, God, Glory• Bubonic Plague• Foreign invaders• Renaissance leads
to global awareness• Religious freedom• Lack of central
government
Rise of England as an Exploration Power
• Spain’s rivalry with England– Led to Spanish naval invasion of England– England’s small ships beat huge Spanish navy
• Wealthy gentlemen wanted to fix England’s problems: poverty, growing population a stalled economy.
• Joint-Stock Companies – Charter from King– Get financial support– Send explorers England
Spain
Main differences of the Spanish, French and English Colonies
Spanish English French
Motives of Exploration:Gold, God, Glory
Motives of Exploration:Religious freedom, economic opportunity
Motives of Exploration:Fur trade, God
Settled Regions:Mexico, Central America
Settled Regions:Atlantic Coast
Settled Regions:Canada, Louisiana
Treatment of Natives:Hostile, Violent, Controlling
Treatment of Natives:Initially fair until expansion
Treatment of Natives:Cooperative, traded with, and married into tribes
Main Characteristics of the New England, Middle and Southern
ColoniesNew England Middle Colonies South
Culture: Strict religious structure of Puritans and Separatists; Economy based on fishing (failure)
Culture:Religious tolerance and diversity; “bread basket” of the English New World
Culture:Thrives on exports (mainly crops and tobacco); slavery
Government:Republic; Elected governors and adopted English common law; English Bill of Rights
Government:Originally under Dutch rule, then taken over by England
Government:House of Burgesses arrives in 1619;
Climate:Short growing season, cold winters, subsistent farming
Climate:Temperate climate, fertile soil and some crop exports
Climate: Long, warm summers makes land suitable for farming
Bacon’s Rebellion• Settlers wanted to clear Indians
from Virginia • Nathanial Bacon led rebellion,
slaughtering Indians • When William Berkeley
(Governor) opposed plan, Bacon’s men burned Jamestown
• Bacon died, Berkeley lost credibility, and a new governor is appointed to Virginia
Headright System
• If you pay for passage to Virginia, you get 50 acres of free land.
FREE $$ LAND
King Philip’s War
• Indian chief Metacom (King Philip) rebels against colonists– Disease – Land taken by force– Religious intolerance
• Defeated Indians flee to Canada
House of Burgesses
• Founded by Virginia colonists in 1619• First representative body in colonial America• Makes laws and raises taxes
Joint Stock Company
• Wealthy English businessmen share in a company’s profits and losses
• Took risks exploring New World• Formed after obtaining a charter from the King
Mercantilism
• Economic system: 1. Build colonies2. Take natural resources 3. Bring back to mother country4. Manufacture into products5. Sell products to colonies
Purpose = wealth and power
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Navigation Acts
• Only English ships can trade with English colonies
• Enumerated Articles: (tobacco and sugar) can only be exported to England
• Results in only English products in America
Triangular Trade
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Salutary Neglect
• Upheaval in England leads to King William and Queen Mary
• English Bill of Rights• Colonists rebel against
governors• The idea that in the colonies
freedom = loyalty to Great Britain
• Colonists were given too much freedom 3000 miColonies
England
Great Awakening• Religious movement in the mid
1700’s• Jonathan Edwards = leading
preacher• Led to greater
freedom in religion, eventually leads colonists to develop their own government
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Puritans and Separatists• Puritans:
– Believe English church follows too many Catholic beliefs
– John Winthrop led Puritans to MA, America (Pilgrims)
– Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson anger Puritans, fleeing to Rhode Island
• Create a separate church and state
• Religious tolerance
• Separatists:– Same motives as Puritans, but
instead they decided to make their own church
– First travel to Amsterdam, nobody speaks English, so they settle in Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact
• An agreement made by the first Pilgrims (Puritans) to arrive in the New World– Follow and agree to a
government– Idea of self-government
eventually leads to American government