An experiment is

described as a

learning activity

wherein a student

investigates a

problem my

manipulating a

variable.

The condition or

factor which

affects the results

of an experiment.

Manipulated

VariableConstant

Variable

The condition being

tested or changed.

The condition that is kept

the same.

investigative

processesThe Basic Ones:

a.Observing

b.Classifying

c.Measuring

d.Inferring

Integrated Skills:

a.Predicting

b.Controlling Variables

c.Formulating Hypothesis

d.Analyzing and

Interpreting Data

e.Formulating Conclusions

scientific

method

1. Identification of a

problem

2.Collecting Data

3.Formulating Hypothesis

4.Testing the likely

hypothesis

5.Analysis and

interpretation of data

6.Formulating Conclusions

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In experimenting, students determine

the variable they need to manipulate.

This would entail establishing two

groups that possess similar

characteristics. One group will be

given the special treatment while the

other will serve as the control group.

Then the results will be analyzed to

find out any difference brought about

by the variable being tested.

ration

ale1. To develop the skill in the basic science

processes.

2. To cultivate an inquiring mind among the

young.

3. Higher-order thinking skills especially

critical thinking, creativity and

inventiveness are best acquired by

experience and constant use.

4. “Learning-by-doing” forms part of the

student’s attitudes, habits and ways of

reacting.

5. A methodical procedure, as a way of

solving puzzling/problem situations, is

internalized and instantly applied.

ration

ale6. Hearsays, superstitions and unfounded

beliefs are replaced by more objective

assessment and evaluation. Suspending

judgment and carefully weighing evidences

are acquired through constant use of

experimenting.

7. The students are made aware of the ways

of the scientists, their persistence,

anxieties and relentless toil, thus instilling

the value of being appreciative and grateful

for their achievements.

8. Because they have to complete the

experiment by themselves from problem,

procedure, to conclusion, they become

responsible for their own learning activity.

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For an experiment to be successful:

1. The problem must be well-defined and

clearly understood before performing the

experiment.

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2. Choose one variable to be tested at a

time. Never vary two or more conditions in

an experiment, otherwise confusion like

“what results from which” will ensue.

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3. Every students

should be actively

involved in

manipulating tools,

materials and

equipment. It is by

direct experience

through constant

practice that they

improve on their

inquiry skills.

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4. An observant teacher

could easily spot incorrect

steps and procedure. Early

guidance could avoid

mistakes that might douse

off their enthusiasm to

continue.

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5. Improvisations of some needed tools

and substitutions for some materials may

be encouraged in order to promote

resourcefulness and creativity.

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6. Orderly

distribution and

retrieval of laboratory

equipment will

lessen wastage of

time and effort.

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7. As they formulate conclusions be sure

that they have sufficient evidences to avoid

bias and sweeping generalizations.

a. Matter is made up of

very tiny particles

called molecules

b. Attractive forces

exist between

molecules

c. Molecules are

continually moving

Attractive forces

exist between

molecules. The forces

of attraction are

greatest in solids

because molecules

are very near each

other. They are

weakest in gases

Molecules of

gases can move

freely, as far as

the space will

allow them. Thus

the volume of

gases depend on

their containers.

Molecules of

gases are

continually

moving in all

directions. They

bump with each

other, with the

walls of the

container, and

Activity!

“Diffusion of

Molecules"

Materials:

• 1 slice of cooked gelatin

• ¼ tsp of blue dye

• Watch with second hand

• Teaspoon

• Medicine Dropper

• Bottle of Bagoong

• Soy Sauce

• Clear Bottles

• Water

Procedure:

A.Place a slice of cooked

gelatin on a plate.

Sprinkle ¼ tsp of blue

dye on the surface of

the gelatin. Record the

time when you did this.

Set the gelatin aside

and observe how long it

will take the blue dye

to penetrate. Then

describe the movement

Procedure:

B. Place a drop of soy

sauce into a half

bottle of water.

Record the time you

dropped the soy sauce

into the water.

Observe the water for

a few minutes without

moving the glass. Note

down your

observations.

Procedure:

C. Place a small bottle

of bagoong in a box.

Cover the box. Ask a

group mate to sit

about 2 ft. away from

you. Record the time

the moment you smell

the bagoong. Record

the initial time then

open the box.

DAT

A Name of Materials Observations on the

materials before and

after diffusion

a. gelatin

Blue Dye

b. Soy Sauce

Water

c. Bagoong

Guide Questions:

A. 1. What happened to the blue

dye? Did you observe any

change? Describe the change.

2. Did you see any change in

color of gelatin? If so, what

caused this change?

3. Did your observation show

that the blue dye spread in

the gelatin?

4. How long did it take the

blue dye to spread down?

5. Infer a reason for the

spread of the dye in gelatin.

Guide Questions:

B. 1. What happened to the soy

sauce as it was dropped to

the glass of water?

2. What happened to the

soy sauce and water after

a few minutes?

3. How long did it take the

soy sauce to spread

completely?

4. Infer a reason for the

spread of the soy sauce.

Guide Questions:

C. 1. What happened when the

bottle of bagoong was

uncovered?

2. How long did it take for the

odor to reach you?

3. What was the smell of

bagoong in the bottle?

4. How did the smell of

bagoong reach your group

mates?

5. How did the odor reach

you?

6. Give examples of diffusion

Diffusion happens because

molecules of a substance

are in constant motion.

When placed in a medium,

they continue to move, and

as they move they bump

each other. They also bump

the molecules of the

medium and are, in turn,

bumped by other

molecules. The spaces

between molecules of the

Comparison between solids,

liquids and gasesBasis of

Comparison

SOLID LIQUID GAS

a.

Intermolecular

space

Smallest

distance

between

molecules

Small space

between

molecules

Large space

between

molecules

b. Molecular

attraction

Back and

forth

Slip and

slide

Moves freely

c. Molecular

motion

Slowest Slow Fastest

Direction: Answer the

following questions.

1. Why can you smell the

odor of the food your

mother is cooking in

the kitchen?

2. Why does water flow?

3. Draw the arrangement

of molecules in solids,

liquids and gases.

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Why should you cover your

nose when someone in the

room is smoking?

2. Why should you cover your

mouth whenever you cough?

3. Many people from far

away provinces opposed the

operation of the Bataan

Nuclear Power Plant

because an accident in this

plant would affect them.

Do you think it is true? Why