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Transcript of Experiencing Financial Inclusion in Mission Shakti, Odisha · Experiencing Financial Inclusion in...
Experiencing Financial Inclusion in Mission Shakti, Odisha
Bibhu Prasad Mohanty
Consultant
Mission Shakti (Govt of Odisha Initiative for Women Empowerment)
Block A-1, Toshali Plaza, Satyanagar,
Bhubnaeswar, 751007, Odisha
Mobile: 09437031912
Experiences of poverty eradication programmes in early 1980s articulated that women’sa micro
and small-scale enterprises can provide an opportunity to accelerate economic activities. Women
account for about half or more of the entire informal sector’s workforce and given access to credit
and market linkage, these marginalized women can generate such enterprises. Experiences across
the world show that credit and market linkages are important to create gainful economic activities
for women. Group based credit access and economic activities began to emerge as a successful
alternative to large scale intervention programs. In 2001, thus Mission Shakti, a Govt. of Orissa’s
development programme was initiated with an aims of strengthening WSHGs at Panchayat,
Block and District levels through the capacity building.
Mission Shakti has been a flagship programme of Govt of Orissa initiative for women
empowerment. It has been riding through women Self Help Groups (WSHG ) towards its mission
goal. Achieving women empowerment in a state like Orissa suffering from regular calamities is a
great challenge before Govt India and Orissa both. There has been multi prong approaches to
make women prominently visible in development scene of Orissa . However it is again another
gigantic task before Govt, corporate, academies and NGOs. While we find in the area of self
Government i.e. in Gram panchayat somehow women have good presence in Orissa, we find
challenges of low active participation of women in influencing panchayat in favour of women
development and practically 70% of them are used as dummies in the hands of influential men or
politicians. In addition to this there are other discrepancies’ and problems related to women
development and their empowerment.
Empowerment always leads to making people responsible. They would be responsible for what
they are and what they will be. They will remain responsible what they do and what they reap
from their behaviours or actions. Accordingly their standard of living will be influenced.
Therefore making people responsible for all the developmental process, the output and desired
changes always remained as priority area for all the Govt. Orissa has almost 50% women against
total population. Out of them almost 60 lakh women are directly involved in WSHGs activities.
Promoting WSHGs in Orissa was started to bring financial freedom and social visibility of
women. It was also having aim to exercise and showcase women strength against social evils.
Later this made a significant establishment of the fact that financial power of women and their
organisation building through SHG gateway could successfully made great visibility in social and
livelihood development sector.
Purpose & priorities of the initiative
WSHGs created as an exclusive supplementary credit delivery mechanism, was not sustainable or
had limited success. So “Mission Shakti”has been a campaign for holistic empowerment of
women. It was launched on 8.3.2001 with a target to organize 2 lakhs Women Self Help Groups
(WSHGs) covering all revenue villages of the State. Since the formation of WSHGs has crossed 2
lakhs by 2008. Women at large have displayed great strength in the success of the Mission due to
their positive contribution to the group dynamics and their natural inclination for savings. Since
its inception, Mission Shakti has been working holistically to encompass different aspects of
women empowerment through SHG moments. These include expansion of credit linkage to as
many SHGs as possible so that SHGs have paid-up capital to start economic activities. This also
requires capacity building of SHGs in accounting, livelihood activities, skill up-gradation in
employment generation activities. Products made by WSHGs require standardisation, quality
control and good marketing. Mission Shakti activities focuses on capacity building, livelihood
promotion, consolidation through strengthening federation, micro credit support, convergence
with other departments and government progrmmes, marketing, addressing social issues,
communication and advocacy. Mission Shakti rests on the concept of micro credit to the poor
members of the society by organizing them into group WSHGs. The idea is being self-help
through mutual help. For the purpose of capacity building of WSHG members, the WSHGs are
categorised into priority groups depending upon their potential, utilization of available resources
and linking these to domestic and national market. The major areas of operation include:
Micro credit
Entrepreneurship Development
Livelihood security
Agriculture & Allied
Health, Hygiene & Sanitation
Capacity building and resource management
IT and education
While Mission Shakti was concentrating on above priorities, at the grassroots level in villages and
urban slums women SHGs of poor families were trying to make strong impact on addressing the
problems of dowry torture, domestic violence, low literacy, liquor issues, weak social status, long
demand for political power and many other social maladies. As the consequence, as of today,
rural women have at least better status. Now they have good presence in panchayts, watershed
organisations, actively participating in livelihood promotion many Govt agencies. There is a
definite, although slow, rise of girls’ attendance in schools and higher classes in schools.
Entitlements meant for women, girl children and old women are at least well discussed by Gram
panchayats. Many attempts are made to address the violation of entitlements under the able
guidance and leadership of Mission Shakti at state and district level. Many such issues and cases
came to the light and Govt of Orissa made necessary efforts to solve those too through policy
changes and administrative directorns. However the result has not reached an optimal level where
the success and failures can be discussed here.
It aims further to strengthen the WSHG movement through formation of Federation and linking
them to various funding agencies. It also provided a platform for integration and effective
communication between the WSHGs and various Govt. and non-Govt. organizations.
Strategies adopted/mode of transformation with details of role of various stakeholders
Mission Shakti has taken up following strategies since its initiation
Formation and strengthening of WSHGs
Institutionalization of WSHGs effort through federating them at Panchayat, block and
district level
Building up the capacity of those institutions (from SHGs to Federations)
Strengthening livelihood measures and consolidating the efforts to ensure the
sustainability of the initiatives
Efforts to ensure market linkage to SHG products across the state and nation
Convergence with different Govt. Departments in the state
The other key players for strengthening the network: NGOs, MFIs, Banks, NABARD, SIDBI,
Financial Institutions & SLBC (State Level Bankers Committee), Distirct level Bankers
Committee etc.
Mission Shakti Structure:
Tier I: As a first step all the WSHGs formed on the principles of viability replicability &
sustainability shall be the members of Panchayat level federation called Panchayat Mission Shakti
(PMS) Federation.
Tier II: All the Gram Pancyayat level Mission Shakti Federations shall be federated at Block
level called Block level Federation (BMASS).
Tier III: The District Mission Shakti shall be a federal body of all Block level Mission Shakti
Federations at district level called District Federation (DMASS).
To implement proposed model, there is a requirement of a social infrastructure from village to
district level and finally at state level. It is a matter of strength and delight that Mission Shakti has
already achieved that. At present at village level there are 367000 women SHGs operating with a
single objective to make a change in their status.
Envisioned points to strengthen WSHG Federations and the philosophy:-
District level Federations TIER – III Active persons-Federation Leaders
Block level Federations TIER – II Active persons-Federation Leaders Subject Matter Specialists
Panchayat level Federations TIER – I Active persons-GP Federation Leaders
WSHGs
FLOW CHART OF MISSION SHAKTI PROGRAMME
MVSN Mission Shakti Directorate Active persons- Staff Members of MVSN
and a cell of Consultants
Key Persons facilitating:
Collector, DSWO, LDM
Key Persons Facilitating:
BDO, CDPO, Mission Shakti
Coordinator, Banker, NGOs
Key Persons:
Facilitator/ Shakti Sahayika
Key Person :
WSHG Leader
MVSN: Mahila Vikas
Samabaya Nigam
To bring sustainability or making a process survive for a long time to bring a change for the
betterment of society there is a need of institutionalization of the process. There is a need of
acceptance of the society to the basic philosophy of the change that is envisioned in as the core
value and strength of the process. Thus poverty reduction by using WSHGs approaches tested and
proved that the way to reduce poverty and establish equity. Here are the action points envisioned
for strengthening the process.
Strengthening of WSHG movement.:- Since its inception Mission Shakti has been working on
Formation of women SHGs,
Linking them with various Govt. programmes addressing women and child problems
Mainstreaming women activities and their presence in development process
Linking WSHGs with Nationalised Banks
Promotion of credit and thrift in SHGs
Encouraging income generation and self employment initiatives by WSHGs
Supporting women’s concern over liquor, domestic violence and dowry
Market Support arrangement with several market bodies in state for WSHGs products
through exhibitions and other outlets
Promoting and Strengthening of WSHG Federations:- Under a strategic decision and
approach for replicating the most successful models of WSHGs movements across the
country, Orissa Govt has been supporting the model that envisaged to form and strengthen
the Federations of WSHGs to showcase women power, bring gender equity and promote self
reliance in poverty stricken families as an institution building step for sustainable
development. This institution building approach has been key success of Mission Shakti so
far. This could have went up to a level where women SHGs have been able to understand the
necessity of making a visible stake in livelihood improvement and credit management.
Policy Formulation and Advocacy:- The biggest challenge of Mission Shakti was to
formulate a favourable policy for WSHG empowerment where it could be able to address the
policy stringency which usually comes on its way in promoting several income generating or
entrepreneurial activities at grass roots. Now this policy is designed and forwarded to Govt
for consideration. It has a greater scope and adequate flexibilities to address above issues and
also made significant provisions to make the credit support available for WSHGs and their
federations from various sources, Govt and financial institutions. In this draft bill there has
been provision to supersede many old and out dated irrelevant restrictions of Govt and
different policies which interfere or come in the way of women development and WSHG
attempts for poverty reduction and gender equity.
Figure1:-State Level Mission Shakti Consultant Cell Structure
Therefore steps have been taken in this line and at each GP has a Federated body consisting of
representatives from WSHGs within the GP. Each GP level
Federations sent representatives to form a block level Federation. Thus a large no of GP Level
Federations (GPLF) are now operational in Orissa. Here is the model structure of the programme
given in figure-3.
Mission Shakti has meticulously engaged consultants in addition to regular staff members to
strengthen the state level operation for the optimal utilization of fund and appropriateness of the
programme envisaged by Govt of Orissa. It also made several convergences with different Govt.
houses and tried to empower women under poverty and improve their condition.
Mission Shakti State Consultants Cell and Supporting Agencies
Self Help Group
Promoting Institutions /
NGO partners/
Academics
Panchayati Raj dept.
Employment Mission
Agriculture dept.
Rural Development dept.
SC & ST
ORMAS
Capacity Building
Programme
Communication &
Research
Market outreach
Livelihood
promotion
Quality
Assessment
Financial institutions &
Banks
CONSULTANTS Alliance with…
Figure 2:- Mission Shkati Cell at District level
To strengthen the Block Level WSHG Federations following steps have been taken by Mission
Shakti so far.
Block level Federations are registered under Society Registration Act.
Each block level Federation is equipped with a dedicated team of Micro-finance
specialist, Livelihood special specialist, multipurpose worker
Deployment of Mission Shakti Coordinator from existing pool of ICDS supervisors
exclusively to look into Mission Shakti affair at block level and strengthen the federation.
Ensured support and guidance from block level ICDS team.
Mission Shakti has supported the federation offices with computer, printers and minimum
infrastructure for a workable office of these people’s organization exclusively run and
managed by women of different SHGs.
District Social Welfare Officer is entrusted to supervise, monitor and guide the entire
initiative and directly intervene in the process at district level where District Collector
plays a major role as the authority of the programme at district level.
District Social Welfare Officer
(DSWO)
Subject Matter Specialist-Livelihood / Young professionals (YP)
Subject Matter Specialist-Micro Finance / Young professionals (YP)
Figure 3: Mission Shakti Structure at Block level
All these support to Federations resulted in proving their efficiency in financial and team
management, financial inclusion and micro-credit promotion activities across the years. In most
of the districts this support made several changes and there have been tremendous changes in
production and promotion of SHG products.
Convergence Effort by Mission Shakti
Mission Shakti has been successful in converging many Govt Departments and got involved as
the implementing partner of various projects in favour of women development too. This has made
successful convergence with following Govt. of Orissa Departments, institutes, missions and
remained as a working partner too.
1. Department of Panchayati Raj,
2. Department of Rural Development, (State Institute of Rural Development, Water and
Sanitation Mission)
3. Employment Mission
4. Department of Industries
5. Department of Agriculture
6. Department of Animal Husbandry and Fishery
7. Department of Health
8. Department of Education
District Social Welfare Officer
Child Development
Project Officer (CDPO) of
ICDS Project at Block
Level
CDPO CDPO CDPO
Mission Shakti Coordinator
Subject Matter Specialists
Livelihood
Subject Matter Specialists
Microfinance
Multipurpose Worker Mission Shakti Coordinator acts as
Executive Officer of Block level Federation
Its coordinated effort with Reserve Bank of India and NABARD could make tremendous changes
in facilitating better quality financial and hand holding or technical supports to SHGs and WSHG
Federations at Block level. Grading and evaluation of SHGs has been a regular practices of
CDPO offices at block level. The procedures and formats used for this purpose are recommended
by NABARD. Regular SLBC meeting and SLBC small committee meeting exclusively meant for
WSHG development in Orissa resulted with outstanding success of SGSY credit support
distribution within the allocated and stipulated time frame. The utilisation of that credit has been
streamed to mind and practices of SHGs too. This time bound programme with administrative
stringency over the delayed disbursement resulted with restricting corruptive practices at all the
points and corners.
MISSION SHAKTI: Micro credit for Income Generation:
The success story of Mission Shakti can be evidenced from the fact that, starting from a scratch,
today the movement has been able to form 3,72,748 WSHGs comprising of 44,72,976 members
with a credit advance of Rs.1294.44 crores and savings of Rs.239.93 crores. A total of 7607
federations at Panchayat, Block and District levels have been formed on the basis of their
functional compatibility. In terms of credit and savings, the mission has been able to provide
credit to about 90% of WSHGs located in almost every village of Orissa and the banks have
provided a credit of Rs.1294.44 crores. It is worth mentioning here that 48,332 WSHGs could go
for a repeat finance to the tune of 231.38 crores.
WSHGs Bank Day: In banking sector of Orissa every Tuesday has been declared as WSHG day
adding impetus to this unique movement. More than Rs.52,00,00,000/- has been given as one
time financial aid to about 2.54 lakh WSHGs through Govt. of India’s self-employment Scheme
viz.,“Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana”.
The status (2008-09)of Mission Shakti in a nutshell
No. of WSHGs formed 3,72,748 (as per SLBC)
No. of members 44,72,976
Credit advanced Rs. 1,29,444.11 lakhs
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
184153
248689
331275 367029
76042 88214
265120 275270
Mission Shakti Group Status-from 2005-06 to 2008-09
No. of Group formed No. of WSHGs Credit linked
Amount of savings Rs. 23,993.50 lakhs
No. of WSHGs credit linked 4,13,656
Federations of WSHGs formed 7593
No. of SHG availed repeat finance 67,659
Amount of repeat finance Rs. 46,044.15 lakhs
Livelihood Management through WSHG Participation:
Mission Shakti has multi prong approaches to financial inclusion of all the families and in
particular women. To ensure this and to run with the time efficient and meaningful trend building
was another approach. Thus educating children, reducing drop outs, ensuring children and parents
participation in literacy building, preparing children to be responsible for future progress; there
has been several Govt and NGO initiatives. Women SHGs have very actively participating in
those programmes which have been proved to be very much beneficial to the children, parents,
families and villages. Thus livelihood sector in villages are directly or indirectly influenced for
this reason too. Women are now confident of food availability to their children and now not
worried for that. Therefore they are at least able to either go for work without stress or they feel
free from this expenditure which is spent on either cloth or health of family or in emergencies.
The over all impact is directly on the livelihood and family income.
050000
100000150000200000250000300000
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
76042 88214
265120 275270
25748.95 31316
119609.09 126917.08
Mission Shakti -Credit Link Amount status2005-06 to 2008-09
No. of WSHGs Credit linked Amount of credit advanced
To ensure cent percent literacy, Govt. of India launched free Mid Day Meal (MDM) scheme to
attract the unprivileged and underfed pupil to the primary schools. The lackadaisical progress was
owing to pilferage and lack of accountability by the food vendors. Thus Govt. of Orissa took the
exemplary and innovative move of tagging WSHGs for providing MDM in 39,229 primary
schools, with increased success and transparency. This has made tremendous progress in
decreasing dropout rate in primary education and ensured attendance of students too. Yhis has
tremendous impact on reducing child labour number. The health and nutrition issues are also
managed to a better extent than earlier arrangements. It was also found in various occasions that
families are now investing in girls education too. These SHGs could make a visible impact on
education administration, regular monitoring of children and their learning behaviour, vigilant
inclusion of nutritious and healthy food substances, direct involvement and sharing of
information on school administration among themselves and family members etc are the major
outcomes of the intervention. This also increased the inclusion of SHGs produced food materials.
Thus there is a reduction of transport cost towards availing food grains and required materials for
MDM programme.
This programme could involve women in education process and added value to their social status
too. They are now aware of value and importance of higher education and better skill
development. It generates interest among them to participate in other institutions of village where
they have a role of decision making and showcase their contribution in development process. In
most of the cases these WSHGs have very active role in Village Education Committee too.
Regular monitoring of education institutions and their performance has been mostly ensured
because of the leadership of those WSHGs. Now women responsible for this programme are
equally responsible, alert and active as men in those locations in the health and education sector.
Thus awareness on importance of education, establishing social presence of women, ensuring the
facilities meant for children in healthy and corruption free manner are the major outcomes of the
intervention. Several cases are there where dropout girls could complete matriculation and went
into higher education and excelled in their performances. This is the best indicator of the success
made by WSHGs under MDM.
Yet another example of successful Public Private Partnership in the field of Public Distribution
System (PDS) is handing over of retailing of Kerosene to 7293 WSHGs in Orissa, to ensure clean
and timely public distribution. This reduced corruptive practices and increased the efficiency and
efficacy of the system to a significant extent. It has brought down corruption and increased self
confidence of women in villages. Once suppressed women could get strong arena to manage and
sustain the business activities involve in the process. Simultaneously, they ensured regular
corruption free transparent system of making PDS good available to the people at grassroots
level. In some cases they have ensured PDS goods available to the destitute women too those who
have low purchasing capacity. They have ensured social security entitlements through lobbying
and pressure creation on local administration and supported destitute underserved women in their
locality. PDS operation could help them to understand and realize the socio-economic condition
of the local people. It enhanced their sensitivity and responsiveness towards poverty reduction
process. The beauty of humanity has been well expressed through their collective approaches in
many cases across the time during their operations. This has spirited them to catch hold of
corrupted stakeholders in the chain of operation thus reduced the ill effect of adulteration and
artificial scarcity of PDS stuff.
Under “Shakti Gram Programme” 2137 WSHGs are currently engaged in distribution of LPG
gas. SHGs involve in this programme made it corruption free, regular and transparent in nature. It
is not only generating revenue but also established strong social capital which has gained trust of
mass.
In agriculture and allied sector, 6291 Panchayat Ponds have been leased out to the WSHGs for
Pisciculture. That apart, the indigenous organic Kandhamal Turmeric has earned international
acclaim for its quality, which is managed by WSHGs of that District.
More than 1200 Young women have been trained as Shakti Sahayika those who are suppose to
work as business development service provider for both SHGs and their federations. They are
trained on SHG formation, Federation Formation, Micro finance, Livelihood enhancement,
women issues, legal and administrative entitlement, RTI, Food and nutrition, Govt policies,
Entrepreneurship building, Business development, credit management, Financial literacy and so
on. They have been engaged by SHGs and their Federations at village and block level to manage
the records of SHGs, design the business proposals, network with primary producers, processing
SHGs, and market, They are monitoring the development, linking credits from financial and non
financial institutions and making efforts to impact on existing and new livelihood ventures.
State Level Involvement of SC & ST WSHGs in Different Economic Activities
Sl Economic Activities
No. of
WSHGs
Involved
% of
WSHGs
Involved
No. of SC
WSHGs
Involved
% of SC
WSHGs
Involved
No. of
ST
WSHGs
Involved
% of ST
WSHGs
Involved
No. of SC
+ ST
Comosite
WSHGs
Involved
% of SC + ST
ComositeWSHGs
Involved
1 Agriculture & Allied Activities 70476 39.33 6341 9 11650 17 2805 4
2 Beauty Parlors 346 0.19 51 15 77 22 17 5
3 Cow & Buffalo 2260 1.26 257 11 180 8 68 3
4 Dry Fish Business 1027 0.57 339 33 64 6 35 3
5 Flori Culture 136 0.08 22 16 12 9 3 2
6 Food Processing 5116 2.86 407 8 423 8 96 2
7 Goatary 9847 5.50 1588 16 1832 19 382 4
8 Handloom & Handicraft 4015 2.24 585 15 549 14 176 4
9 Horticulture 1207 0.67 119 10 157 13 47 4
10 Involvement in Govt. Schemes 6155 3.44 476 8 1264 21 278 5
11 Minor Forest Product 7671 4.28 501 7 2583 34 424 6
12 Miscellaneous 24023 13.41 2011 8 4755 20 1103 5
13 Nursery 143 0.08 9 6 22 15 10 7
14 Pesticide & Fertilizer Business 220 0.12 27 12 19 9 10 5
15 Piggery 262 0.15 61 23 73 28 14 5
16 Pisci-culture 3064 1.71 362 12 332 11 86 3
17 Poultry 3045 1.70 332 11 236 8 83 3
18 Preparation of Edible Item 3377 1.88 256 8 144 4 55 2
19 Preparation of Fishing Net 716 0.40 98 14 37 5 12 2
20 Preparation of Sanitary Item 278 0.16 37 13 34 12 12 4
21 Seri Culture 29 0.02 4 14
22 Small Business 31978 17.85 3377 11 5478 17 1376 4
23 Small Contractory Business 1479 0.83 157 11 225 15 59 4
24 Tailoring 1274 0.71 98 8 46 4 14 1
25 Weaving 1040 0.58 185 18 50 5 22 2
The cause of health, hygiene and sanitation has been championed in the state by 654 WSHGs, who
have been instrumental in making Total Sanitation Movement a great success. Moreover, WSHGs are
actively involved in sensitising and supporting pregnant mothers for institutional delivery. As a result
the IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) in Orissa has come down from 98 to 71 per thousand, in a consistent
rate. Now across the state, household sanitation became the matter of dignity and good health. In
remote villages of state there has been effort by WSHGs to ensure construction of independent
household latrines for family use.
Pallishree and Gramashree Mela, the village fairs, are being organized in a collaborative approach by
the Federations, Govt. Agencies & NGOs at district, state and national level to facilitate marketing of
the WSHG products. [Only recently, Martha Bhuyan, a 23 year old tribal woman from Sindhia village
of Gajapati district, returned home with Rs.10,000/- from the fair by selling turmeric powder, jaggery
and dal]. The WSHGs in the tribal dominated districts have been supplying lentil (Kandula) for use in
Mid Day Meals.
As regards to information, technology and education, Mission Shakti has been publishing Shaktirupa,
a quarterly journal in order to create awareness of various activities of this mission amongst the
public. Discussions are being aired on various issues of women empowerment in form of Shaktirupa,
a serial both in Television and Radio.
For capacity building of the members of the WSHGs multi-faceted training programmes are being
regularly organized at all levels keeping in view the local available resources, service delivery and
market needs.
30
60
130
20 218
32
720 15
2115
6
22 2212
105
1522
10
34
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
SH
Gs IN
VO
LV
ED
DISTRICTS
TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN SHGs involved
MISSION SHAKTI – Few Initiatives:
Mission Shakti has appointed a Mission Shakti coordinator in each block of the State and established
a capacity building unit at the State in Consultants Cell. Further, training camps are held for
development of entrepreneurship among SHGs and their Federations. Incentives are provided to
federations for establishment of mini banks for dealing with micro finance.
In future, such ideas can be replicated in the field of agriculture and allied, healthcare, sanitation
management and education. For effective management in these sectors lie in strong public private
partnership (PPP). The reducing revenue collection has almost blocked the way for the State Govt. for
implementing free public service and poverty alleviation programmes. Thus, it is high time that the
WSHGs can effectively take-up developmental activities at grass root level in collaboration with the
State Govt. in the aforesaid sectors.
MISSION SHAKTI – THE POWER OF WOMEN
The unique and innovative concept of Citizen Engagement and Service Delivery blended with
Women Empowerment showcased the best results of effective public private partnership in managing
public sector services such as public distribution system, provision of Mid-Day-Meal in Primary
Schools, infusion of habit of savings in citizen, best utilization of available natural resources through
development of entrepreneurial skills etc.
The idea was to reduce corruption, increase accountability, render better quality service, reduction of
pilferage and increment in transparency in public service sectors through enhanced citizen’s role,
involvement and participation. The idea was translated into reality through WSHGs.
MISSION SHAKTI – THE CALL OF THE DAY
The impetus of the innovation was to empower women for maximal utilization of idle human
resources for socio-economic growth among the poor and deprived. This was the need of the hour to
bring back the women folk into main stream. Since women were the worst sufferers of gender bias,
male dominance, child marriage, under education and non-encumbrance of parental property. Mission
Shakti could make the women independent for decision making and ensure their social prestige
through economic resurgence.
MISSION SHAKTI – BEST FIT FOR PUBLIC/CORPORATE SERVICE DELIVERY
The technology was inaccessible due to paucity of funds at individual level and as such, production
was least, chances of marketing remote. With available finance, technology would be translated into
quality production and higher group production attracted traders across local and national level
markets which could pay back better dividends against earlier once to the concerned individuals for
the labour they invested.
The dark age of women shall pass into history since Mission Shakti could bring luminescence to
millions of women through their empowerment. For we believe that women once empowered can
never be degraded again.
A Brief Overview of formation of WSHGs from 2001 to 2008
SN Name of the
District
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Total
1 Angul 775 775 775 930 1085 930 930 6200
2 Balasore 1375 1375 1375 1650 1925 1650 1650 11000
3 Baragarh 925 925 925 1110 1295 1110 1110 7400
4 Bhadrak 900 900 900 1090 1260 1080 1080 7200
5 Bolangir 900 900 900 1090 1260 1080 1080 7200
6 Boudh 250 250 250 300 350 300 300 2000
7 Cuttack 1600 1600 1600 1920 2240 1920 1920 12800
8 Deogarh 200 200 200 240 280 240 240 1600
9 Dhenkanal 725 725 725 870 1015 870 870 5800
10 Gajapati 350 350 350 420 490 420 420 2800
11 Ganjam 2100 2100 2100 2520 2940 2520 2520 16800
12 Jagatsinghpur 725 725 725 870 1015 870 870 5800
13 Jajpur 1100 1100 1100 1320 1540 1320 1320 8800
14 Jharsuguda 350 350 350 420 490 420 420 2800
15 Kalahandi 900 900 900 1080 1260 1080 1080 7200
16 Kandhamal 450 450 450 540 630 540 540 3600
17 Kendrapara 875 875 875 1050 1225 1050 1050 7000
18 Keonjhar 1075 1075 1075 1290 1505 1290 1290 8600
19 Khurda 1275 1275 1275 1530 1785 1530 1530 10200
20 Koraput 800 800 800 960 1120 960 960 6400
21 Malkangiri 325 325 325 390 455 390 390 2600
22 Mayurbhanj 1525 1525 1525 1830 2135 1830 1830 12200
23 Nawarangpur 700 700 700 840 980 840 840 5600
24 Nayagarh 600 600 600 720 840 720 720 4800
25 Nuapada 375 375 375 450 525 450 450 3000
26 Puri 1025 1025 1025 1230 1435 1230 1230 8200
27 Rayagada 550 550 550 660 770 660 660 4400
28 Sambalpur 625 625 625 750 875 750 750 5000
29 Sonepur 375 375 375 450 525 450 450 3000
30 Sundargarh 1250 1250 1250 1500 1750 1500 1500 10000
Total : 25000 25000 25000 30000 35000 30000 30000 200000
State Level SC/ST WSHGs Status
District
Total no.
of
WSHGs
No. of SC
WSHGs
% of SC
WSHGs
No. of
ST
WSHGs
% of ST
WSHGs
No. of
SC+ST
Composite
WSHGs
% of SC +
ST
Composite
WSHGs
Angul 10254 1109 11 727 7 253 2
Balasore 12771 1338 10 535 4 177 1
Bargarh 8484 943 11 435 5 349 4
Bhadrak 6218 891 14 28 0.45 19 0.3
Bolangir 9169 1104 12 1071 12 276 3
Boudh 2463 315 13 115 5 50 2
Cuttack 12435 1730 14 238 2 81 1
Deogarh 2332 194 8 397 17 78 3
Dhenkanal 9363 1232 13 907 10 192 2
Jagatsinghpur 6415 674 11 2 0.03 16 0.2
Jajpur 6738 942 14 262 4 63 1
Jharsuguda 3190 309 10 445 14 248 8
Kalahandi 9260 1238 13 1588 17 378 4
Kandhamal 5297 774 15 1822 34 757 14
Kendrapara 8286 975 12 55 1 55 1
Keonjhar 8837 513 6 2022 23 493 6
Khurda 9406 1057 11 318 3 51 1
Koraput 6731 745 11 1997 30 601 9
Malkangiri 4415 575 13 1711 39 202 5
Mayurbhanj 18808 559 3 6584 35 835 4
Nayagarh 5521 508 9 330 6 51 1
Nowarangpur 5772 609 11 2396 42 483 8
Nuapada 4819 381 8 858 18 210 4
Rayagada 6391 719 11 2390 37 209 3
Sambalpur 6859 586 9 1309 19 553 8
Sonepur 3951 680 17 142 4 86 2
Sundargarh 13495 461 3 5093 38 1172 9
Total 207680 21161 10 33777 16 7938 4