Experiences from research exchange at RWTH Aachen...

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Ville-Valtteri VisuriProcess Metallurgy GroupUniversity of Oulu

June 8, 2015CASR SeminarOulu, Finland

Experiences from research exchangeat RWTH Aachen University

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Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Experiences

3. Discussion

4. Conclusions

10.6.2015Process Metallurgy Group / Ville-Valtteri Visuri

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Introduction

10.6.2015

Metallurgical institutes in Germany

Process Metallurgy Group / Ville-Valtteri Visuri

Technische Universität Clausthal

Technische Universität Berlin

Bundesanstalt für Materialforschungund –prüfungBerlin

Technische Universität Dresden

Technische UniversitätBergakademie Freiberg

FEhS-Institut fürBaustoffforschung e. V.Duisburg

Max-Planck-Institut fürEisenforschungDüsseldorf

VDEh-BetriebsforschungsinstitutDüsseldorf

Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnische HochschuleAachen• Department of Ferrous

Metallurgy• Department of Industrial

Furnaces and Heat Engineering• Institute of Metal Forming• Foundry Institute• Department of Physical

Metallurgy and Metal Physics

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Introduction


RWTH Aachen UniversityRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen

• Located in Aachen, North Rhine Westphalia.

• Largest technical university in Germany.

• Brief historyØ 1870 founded as Königlich Rheinisch-Westphälische

Polytechnische Schule zu AachenØ 1980 promotion to Königlich Technische HochschuleØ 1899 right to award Dr.-Ing. degreesØ 1902 introduction of Dipl.-Ing. degreeØ 1918 change to current name

• StatisticsØ 840 m$ annual budgetØ 42 000 students, 9 200 staff members, 540 professorsØ Awarded degrees: 2 800 bachelor’s, 3 700 master’s or

equivalent, 810 doctors, 26 habilitations

An old photograph of the main buildingand the chemical laboratory.

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Introduction


• Founded in 1957.

• Headed by Professor Herbert Pfeifer since 1998.

• Total staff of 34 personsØ 1 professor, 1 senior engineer, 4 group managers, 17

researchers, 4 secretaries, 7 technical and mechanical staff

• Research groups:

1. Energy and Material BalancesDr.-Ing. Thomas Echterhof

2. High Temperature Flows in Metallurgical MeltsDr.-Ing. Antje Rückert

3. Industrial Furnace TechnologyDipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Lenz Furnace MechanicsDr.-Ing. Martin Hellenkamp Radiant Tube TechnologyDipl.-Ing. Matthias Schnitzler Combustion

Current premises at Kopernikusstraße 10.

Department of Industrial Furnaces and Heat EngineeringInstitut für Industrieofenbau und Wärmetechnik (IOB)

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Experiences

10.6.2015

Practicalities before arrival

1. Motivation letter2. Invitation letter3. Travel plan for the University

administration.4. Employer travel insurance5. Notification to the magistrate6. Notification to KELA regarding

pension payments (ETK 2132)7. Finding an apartment8. Application of grant to cover up

expenses9. Obtaining a valid passport


Practicalities after arrival

1. Registration to the city of Aachen2. Bank account3. Internet, gas, electricity, cellphone4. Ticket for public transportation

(ASEAG)5. Obtaining laboratory keys, library

card, username for WLAN etc.6. Going to work

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Experiences

10.6.2015

Research work

• I visited the IOB from January to June 2014.Ø Mr. Matti Aula was from March to June 2015.

• Shared working room, communication in German.

• Research on numerical modelling of top-blowing in theAOD process, validation of a CAS-OB model, meetingwith peoples studying similar subjects.

• Reading of past doctoral theses and publications, togreat extent in German.

• Visits within Germany1. Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, RWTH Aachen2. SMS Siemag AG, Düsseldorf3. Outokumpu Nirosta GmbH, Bochum4. German National Library of Science and

Technology, Hanover


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Experiences

10.6.2015

Research work

• Good time for writing publications and doctoral thesis (> 100 pages written)

• Publications completed during the visit

1. V.-V. Visuri, M. Järvinen, K. Pääskylä, A. Kärnä, P. Sulasalmi, C. DeBlasio, S. Ollila and T. Fabritius,”Preliminary Validation of a Numerical Model for the CAS-OB Process”, Proceedings of the 7thEuropean Oxygen Steelmaking Conference, Czech Metallurgical Society, Třinec, Czech Republic, 2014.

2. V.-V. Visuri, ”Basic Oxygen Furnace”, in M. Aula, A. Heikkilä, M. Iljana, T. Sipola and V.-V. Visuri (eds.),”Steel industry – what they measure and how?”, Department of Process and Environmental EngineeringReport 345, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, pp. 67–79, 2014.

3. P. Sulasalmi, V.-V. Visuri, A. Kärnä, T. Fabritius, "Simulation of the Effect of Steel Flow Velocity on SlagDroplet Distribution and Interfacial Area Between Steel and Slag", Steel Research International, Vol. 86,No. 3, pp. 212-222, 2015.

4. M. Järvinen, A. Kärnä, V.-V. Visuri, P. Sulasalmi, E.-P. Heikkinen, K. Pääskylä, C. De Blasio, S. Ollilaand T. Fabritius, ”A Novel Approach for Numerical Modeling of the CAS-OB Process: Process Model forthe Heat-Up Stage”, ISIJ International, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 2263–2272, 2014.

+ contributions to three journal papers to be submitted in the upcoming weeks.


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Experiences

10.6.2015

Living in Aachen

• Aachen is a lively student city with over 50 000 studentsand various research institutes.

• Rent level is between Oulu and Helsinki. The quality andage of housing varies much more than in Oulu.

• General price level is ~20% below Finland; goodselection of affordable restaurants.

• Living in two countries causes considerable additionalcosts.

Ø Plenty of one-time costs related to housing, mobilityand other issues.

Ø The longer one stays, the cheaper it gets.

• Reachable via Düsseldorf (Finnair), good railwayconnections.


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Discussion

10.6.2015

Current cooperation with Aachen

• Research internship of Mr. Tim Haas at ProcessMetallurgy Group from April to July 2015.

Ø Physical modelling of the AOD process.

Ø Joint publications will be prepared forSCANMET V and MOLTEN16 conferences.

• RFCS proposal on emission spectrummeasurements by Mr. Matti Aula

• Pre-examination of the doctoral thesis of Mr. AnttiKemppainen by Dr. Alexander Babich (IEHK)


Physical model setup.

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Discussion

10.6.2015

Similarities and differences

• Similarly to Finland, doctoral studies are closer to working than studying.

• No official teacher or lecturer positions at the University.

• There is a vast amount of “hidden” literatureØ Doctoral and habilitation theses are mainly monographs in German

• Considerably less engineering education than in FinlandØ 34 engineers per 1000 employees in 2010, vs. 64 in Finland [1]

• The career paths of the graduated doctors continue mostly outside the academia.Ø Only approximately 6% of the graduated doctors are occupied in a academic position [2]Ø The first-job median salary with a doctoral degree is approximately 23% higher than with a

Master's degree and 35% higher than with a Bachelor's degree [3].


[1] VDEh: "2013: Ingenieure auf einen Blick. Erwerbstätigkeit, Innovation, Wertschöpfung", 2013.[1] D. Cyranoski, N. Gilbert, H. Ledford, A. Nayar and M. Yahia, Nature, vol. 748, pp. 276-279, 2011.[3] H. Friedrichsen, ”Gehaltsreport – Was Ingenieure verdienen”, Der Spiegel, 2013.

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Discussion

10.6.2015Process Metallurgy Group / Ville-Valtteri Visuri*) The lenght varies between Federal states (Bundesland).

Engineering education in Germany

• Higher education system consists of Universities andUniversities of Applied Sciences.

• Stepwise introduction of the Bologna process in the 21st century

Ø B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees can be awarded by bothUniversities and Universities of Applied Sciences.

Ø Dr.-Ing. degree can be awarded only by universities.

• Habilitation is a post-doctoral degree completed independentlyafter a doctoral degree.

Ø Requires the defence of a habilitation thesis, which must beof considerably higher quality than a doctoral thesis.

Ø Yields venia legendi and/or a docentshipØ Traditional requirement for a professorship.

• Increasing amount of education also in English (e.g. metallurgy)

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Discussion

10.6.2015

Academic career in engineering sciences

Process Metallurgy Group / Ville-Valtteri Visuri*) The lenght varies between Federal states (Bundesland).

Student AssistantWissenschaftliche Hilfskraft • Works alongside studies, may prepare a Master’s thesis.

Research AssistantWissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter

• 5 year fixed term contract aiming for a doctoral degree.• May have student assistants.• Responsible for own project reportation

Group LeaderGruppenleiter

• Post-doctoral researcher or research assistant.• Coordinates fundraising and project applications.

Post-DoctoralResearcher

Akademischer RatOberingenieur

• Post-doctoral position aiming for a habilitation degree.• Responsible for fundraising and project applications.

DocentPrivat-Dozent

• Title bestowed upon completion of the habilitation degree.• Non-salaried position; licence to teach independently.

University ResearcherAkademischer Oberrat

• Habilitation degree required.• Responsible for fundraising and project applications.

Adjunct ProfessorAußenplanmäßiger Professor

• Docent with at least 2-6 years of subsequent teaching.*)• Non-salaried position.

ProfessorUniversitätsprofessor

• Habilitation degree strongly preferred but not required.• Own chair and laboratory premises• Industrial background common

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Conclusions


• Research visit can be productive time despite absencefrom regular work in Finland.

• The burden of organizing the practical matters lies almostsolely on the doctoral student.

• Knowledge of the German language is not necessary, butmakes practical matters considerably easier.

• The distinction between doctoral and post-doctoralresearcher work is more pronounced because mostgraduated doctors go to the industry.

• Cooperation with RWTH Aachen will continue also in thefuture.

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Thank you for your attention!

CONTACT INFORMATION

Ville-Valtteri VisuriProcess Metallurgy GroupUniversity of OuluPO Box 4300 | FI-90014 University of Ouluville-valtteri.visuri(at)oulu.fi 10.6.2015

Experiences from research exchange at RWTH Aachen...

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