This theory says that the of a This theory says that the of a tendency in a certain way depends tendency in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given act will be followed by a given and on the of that outcome and on the of that outcome to the individualto the individual

strengthto act

outcomesattractiveness

to act

Expectancy theoryExpectancy theory

1 2 3

Expectancy

Instrumentality

Valence

– Effort-performance relationship Effort-performance relationship

• The perceived probability that exerting a given The perceived probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance.amount of effort will lead to performance.

– Performance-reward relationship Performance-reward relationship

• The degree to which the individual believes that The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to a performing at a particular level will lead to a reward.reward.

– Rewards-personal goals relationshipRewards-personal goals relationship

• The degree to which organizational rewards The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and are attractive to the individual.and are attractive to the individual.

focus on three focus on three relationshipsrelationships

• If I give maximum effort, will I be able to If I give maximum effort, will I be able to accomplish the task expected of me?accomplish the task expected of me?

• If I give maximum effort, will it be If I give maximum effort, will it be recognized by my manager and/or in my recognized by my manager and/or in my performance appraisal?performance appraisal?

• If I receive a good performance appraisal, If I receive a good performance appraisal, will it lead to organizational rewards?will it lead to organizational rewards?

• If I’m rewarded, are the rewards ones that If I’m rewarded, are the rewards ones that I find personally attractive?I find personally attractive?

Maximizing Motivation Under Maximizing Motivation Under ExpectancyExpectancy

Effort and performance Effort and performance appraisalappraisal

Performance appraisal

No Outcome

1.Training 2.Coaching