Exotic Fruit Fly Pests Report

7/28/2019 Exotic Fruit Fly Pests Report

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Exotic Fruit Fly Pests in Florida:Exotic Fruit Fly Pests in Florida:Past, Present, and PotentialPast, Present, and Potential

David Dean, PhDDavid Dean, PhD

Fruit Fly Laboratory Palmetto, FLFruit Fly Laboratory Palmetto, FL

Bureau of EntomologyBureau of EntomologyDivision of Plant IndustryDivision of Plant Industry

Florida Department of AgricultureFlorida Department of Agriculture

FDACS


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Invasive Exotic Fruit Fly PestsInvasive Exotic Fruit Fly PestsUSDA/APHISUSDA/APHIS

Common Name Species

1 South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann)

2 South American cucurbit fly Anastrepha grandis (Macquart)

3 Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew)

4 west indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart)

5 sapote fruit fly Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann)

6 guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner

7 Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

8 guava fruit fly Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi)

9 melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)

10 oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)11 olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)

12 Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)

13 J apanese orange fly Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake)

14 peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)

15 Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)16 natal fruit fly Ceratitis rosa Karsch

17 fruit flies Ceratitis spp. MacLeay 1829

18 celery fly Euleia heraclei (Linnaeus)

19 asparagus fly Platyparea poeciloptera Schrank

20 fruit flies Pterandrus spp. Bezzi 1918

21 apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella (Wash)

22 papaya fruit fly Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker


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AnastrephaAnastrepha

suspensasuspensaCaribbeanCaribbean

Fruit FlyFruit FlyGreaterGreater

AntilleanAntilleanFruit FlyFruit Fly

Became established inFlorida in 1965


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Rhagoletis pomonellaRhagoletis pomonella

Apple MaggotApple Maggot

Now ranges from Canada to Mexico (Manitoba & NovaScotia to Texas & Florida; Utah; Colorado; Coahuila to

Michoacan; introduced from Washington to California)


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ToxotrypanaToxotrypana curvicaudacurvicauda

Papaya Fruit FlyPapaya Fruit Fly

A major pest of papaya in much of the

Neotropics was introduced into Florida in 1905


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MaleMale

FemaleFemale Ovipositor sheat(oviscape)


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OviscapeOviscape chitinized ovipositor sheathchitinized ovipositor sheath


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AculeusAculeus -- ovipositorovipositor

eversible membranemicro sensory seta

A. suspensaA. suspensa A. obliquaA. obliqua


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Reproduction in Fruit FliesReproduction in Fruit Flies

OvariesOvaries consist of a group of ovarioles where the oogoniaconsist of a group of ovarioles where the oogoniaundergo a series of cell divisions forming oocytes (eggs).undergo a series of cell divisions forming oocytes (eggs).

The eggThe egg--swollen ovaries of the gravid female occupy a largeswollen ovaries of the gravid female occupy a largepart of the abdomen with 26part of the abdomen with 26--28 fully developed eggs.28 fully developed eggs.

EggsEggs begin their development and mature in the ovariesbegin their development and mature in the ovarieswithout fertilization.without fertilization.

SpermathecaSpermatheca are sack like receptacles in the female whichare sack like receptacles in the female which

acts as a reservoir for storing live sperm until required foracts as a reservoir for storing live sperm until required forfertilization during oviposition.fertilization during oviposition.

f S f


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Life Stages of Fruit FlyLife Stages of Fruit Fly

DevelopmentDevelopment Stages of Development

EggEgg

LarvaLarva (maggot)

First instar

Second instar

Third instar

PupaPupa

AdultAdult

The duration of each stage of development is primarilytemperature dependent

Tephritids are well adapted to 18-29 C (64-84 F) Optimum temperature 24 C (75 F)


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What areWhat are Exotic/EconomicExotic/Economic

Fruit Flies?Fruit Flies?

Infest cultivated plantsInfest cultivated plants

Wide host rangeWide host rangeHigh reproductive capacityHigh reproductive capacity

Easily transportedEasily transportedDifficult to controlDifficult to control

Quarantine restrictions transport and tradeQuarantine restrictions transport and trade

C


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Economic Importance CriteriaEconomic Importance Criteria

Establishment PotentialEstablishment Potential host rangehost range

environmental suitabilityenvironmental suitability

Dispersal PotentialDispersal Potential further possible movement of the pestfurther possible movement of the pest

Economic ImpactEconomic Impact

crop lossescrop losses loss of export marketsloss of export markets

control costscontrol costs

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact possible environmental effects of control measurespossible environmental effects of control measures native species displacementnative species displacement

Introduction PotentialIntroduction Potential (pathways) the origin of the pest and frequency contact(pathways) the origin of the pest and frequency contact


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Exotic Fruit Fly RecordsExotic Fruit Fly Records

Florida 1999Florida 1999--20092009

SPECIESSPECIES TotalTotalAnastrepha ludensAnastrepha ludens 33

Bactrocera correctaBactrocera correcta 1010Bactrocera dorsalisBactrocera dorsalis 2727

Ceratitis capitataCeratitis capitata 22Grand TotalGrand Total 4242

Ten most intercepted families of insect pestsTen most intercepted families of insect pests


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Ten most intercepted families of insect pestsTen most intercepted families of insect pests

on passenger baggage from 1990on passenger baggage from 1990--20042004

USDAUSDA--APHISAPHIS--PPQPPQRankRank FamilyFamily DescriptionDescription TotalTotal PercentPercent

11 DiaspididaeDiaspididae armored scalesarmored scales 69,36869,368 30.330.322 TephritidaeTephritidae fruit fliesfruit flies 45,21145,211 19.719.7

33 CurculionidaeCurculionidae weevilsweevils 26,32026,320 11.511.5

44 PseudococcidaePseudococcidae mealybugsmealybugs 24,23924,239 10.610.655 AgromyzidaeAgromyzidae miner fliesminer flies 15,12915,129 6.66.6

66 TortricidaeTortricidae tortricid mothstortricid moths 13,17613,176 5.75.7

77 CrambidaeCrambidae crambid snout mothscrambid snout moths 11,87911,879 5.25.2

88 CoccidaeCoccidae soft scales, wax scalessoft scales, wax scales 11,24811,248 4.94.9

99 AleyrodidaeAleyrodidae whiteflieswhiteflies 7,8667,866 3.43.4

1010 ThripidaeThripidae thripsthrips 4,8384,838 2.12.1


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Exotic Fruit Fly TopicsExotic Fruit Fly Topics

Economic Fruit Fly PestsEconomic Fruit Fly Pests

PASTPAST:: Review the history of some exotic fruitReview the history of some exotic fruitfly species in Floridafly species in Florida

POTENTIALPOTENTIAL:: PESTS ON THE MOVEPESTS ON THE MOVE

Identify some fruit fly species expanding theIdentify some fruit fly species expanding the

boundaries of their known rangeboundaries of their known range

PRESENTPRESENT::The current status of some of theThe current status of some of theCooperative Fruit Fly Prevention, Detection,Cooperative Fruit Fly Prevention, Detection,

and Eradication Programs in Floridaand Eradication Programs in Florida

O i i f E i F it FliO i i f E i F it Fli


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Origins of Economic Fruit FliesOrigins of Economic Fruit Flies

AnastrephaAnastrepha BactroceraBactroceraCeratitisCeratitis

DacusDacusDacus

h G


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The Genus:The Genus:AnastrephaAnastrepha

DiversityDiversity 200+ species200+ species

Potential Pests USDA/APHIS REGULATED PEST LISTPotential Pests USDA/APHIS REGULATED PEST LIST A. fraterculusA. fraterculus ((South American Fruit FlySouth American Fruit Fly))

A. grandisA. grandis ((South American Cucurbit FlySouth American Cucurbit Fly)) A. ludensA. ludens ((Mexican Fruit FlyMexican Fruit Fly))

A. obliquaA. obliqua ((West Indian Fruit FlyWest Indian Fruit Fly))

A. serpintinaA. serpintina ((Sapote Fruit FlySapote Fruit Fly)) A. striataA. striata ((Guava Fruit FlyGuava Fruit Fly))

Anastrepha


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Anastrepha

Fraterculus

SouthAmerican

Fruit FlyA major pest found

throughout South and

Central America, andTrinidad which actuallyforms a species complex

with various sibling andsubspecies that are not

well defined

taxonomically.There is noThere is noknown male attractant.known male attractant.

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Anastrepha grandis


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PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Anastrepha grandis

South American Cucurbit Fly

Range is from Venezuela to Brazil and Argentina. It was detectedRange is from Venezuela to Brazil and Argentina. It was detected

in the eastern provinces of Panama, May 2009.in the eastern provinces of Panama, May 2009.

A quarantine was imposed J uly 2009 to contain the outbreak.A quarantine was imposed J uly 2009 to contain the outbreak.

A t h diA t h di l i hl i h


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Anastrepha grandisAnastrepha grandis larvae in squashlarvae in squash
http://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpg


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Anastrepha ludensAnastrepha ludens

Mexican Fruit FlyMexican Fruit Fly

Ranges from Mexico,Ranges from Mexico,

Guatemala, Belize,Guatemala, Belize,

Honduras, El Salvador,Honduras, El Salvador,Nicaragua, Costa Rica,Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

western Panama, andwestern Panama, and

south Texas.south Texas.

There is no known maleThere is no known male

attractant. It is a key pestattractant. It is a key pest

for Florida because afor Florida because a

preffered host is grapefruitpreffered host is grapefruit

Mexican Fruit Fly in Florida to 2009Mexican Fruit Fly in Florida to 2009
http://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpghttp://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/5193061.jpg


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Mexican Fruit Fly in Florida to 2009Mexican Fruit Fly in Florida to 2009

Anastrepha ludensSource Data: FDACS

Produced by Arnold Bailey

DPI Fruit Fly Laboratory Palmetto, FL


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Anastrepha

obliqua

West IndiesFruit Fly

Range extends fromMexico to Argentina,Greater & Lesser Antilles;occasionally present in

past in USA (southernTexas, Florida Keys), butnot currently established.

There is no known maleThere is no known maleattractant.attractant.

Anastrepha serpentinaAnastrepha serpentina


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Anastrepha serpentinaAnastrepha serpentina

Sapote Fruit FlySapote Fruit Fly

Range extends from USA (s. Texas) to Peru & Argentina, and isRange extends from USA (s. Texas) to Peru & Argentina, and is

also established in Trinidad. There is no known male attractantalso established in Trinidad. There is no known male attractant..

Anastrepha striataAnastrepha striata


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Anastrepha striataAnastrepha striata

Guava Fruit FlyGuava Fruit Fly

The range extends from Mexico south to Bolivia & Brazil. It isThe range extends from Mexico south to Bolivia & Brazil. It is

occasionally trapped in past in USA (southern Texas), but notoccasionally trapped in past in USA (southern Texas), but not

currently established.currently established.There is no known male attractant.There is no known male attractant.

Genus:Genus: BactroceraBactrocera // DacusDacus


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Genus:Genus: BactroceraBactrocera // DacusDacus

Diversity 770+ species combined Potential Pests USDA/APHIS REGULATED PEST LISTPotential Pests USDA/APHIS REGULATED PEST LIST

Potential Pest USDA/APHIS*Potential Pest USDA/APHIS* Possible PestsPossible Pests

B. correctaB. correcta ((Guava Fruit FlyGuava Fruit Fly)) B. carambolaeB. carambolae ((Carambola Fruit FlyCarambola Fruit Fly))

B. facialisB. facialis

B. latifronsB. latifrons ((Solanum Fruit FlySolanum Fruit Fly))

*B. tryoni*B. tryoni ((Queensland Fruit FlyQueensland Fruit Fly)) B. papayaeB. papayae ((Papaya Fruit FlyPapaya Fruit Fly))

*B. tsuneonis*B. tsuneonis ((Orange Fruit FlyOrange Fruit Fly)) B. philippinensisB. philippinensisB. zonataB. zonata ((Peach Fruit FlyPeach Fruit Fly))

*B cucurbitae*B cucurbitae

((Melon Fruit FlyMelon Fruit Fly

))

*B. dorsalis*B. dorsalis ((Oriental Fruit FlyOriental Fruit Fly))

New PestNew Pest

B. invadensB. invadens

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera carambolaeBactrocera carambolae


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Carambola Fruit FlyCarambola Fruit Fly

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera carambolaeBactrocera carambolae

Hosts Occurringin Florida:

CarambolaCuracao appleGuava

Surinam cherryMango

Tropical almondGrapefruit

100% Damage to Carambola Star Fruit by100% Damage to Carambola Star Fruit by


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100% Damage to Carambola Star Fruit by100% Damage to Carambola Star Fruit by

Bactrocera carambolaeBactrocera carambolae

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera facialis


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PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera facialis

This polyphagous pest attacks 72 host species in 54 generaThis polyphagous pest attacks 72 host species in 54 genera

and 33 families and is potentially a major pest species, if it iand 33 families and is potentially a major pest species, if it iss

spread outside Tonga. It has been detected outside of Tongaspread outside Tonga. It has been detected outside of Tonga

in New Zealand, Hawaii, and California.in New Zealand, Hawaii, and California.

Infestations in TongaInfestations in TongaChili,Chili, capsicumcapsicum 9797--100%100%

guava 90%guava 90%

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVEBactrocera correctaBactrocera correcta


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S O O act oce a co ecta

(Asian) Guava Fruit Fly(Asian) Guava Fruit Fly

Guava fruit fly in Florida 1999Guava fruit fly in Florida 1999 -- 20092009


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Guava fruit fly in Florida 1999Guava fruit fly in Florida 1999 20092009

Source Data: FDACS



Bactrocera correcta

Bactrocera cucurbitaeBactrocera cucurbitae


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Melon FlyMelon Fly

Weed Hosts Support Exotic PestsWeed Hosts Support Exotic Pests


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Weed Hosts Support Exotic PestsWeed Hosts Support Exotic Pests

The melon fly is a native species in tropical Asia and isnow also established in Hawaii, Papua New Guinea(PNG), Solomon Islands, Guam and the Commonwealthof Northern Mariana Islands. This pest species causes

considerable damage to all cucurbit crops everywhere itoccurs. In PNG 95% of bitter gourd fruits are infested.

Melon fly Host:Melon fly Host: Momordica charantiaMomordica charantia (bitter gourd)(bitter gourd) Photo: Konrad EnglbergerPhoto: Konrad Englberger

Bactrocera dorsalisBactrocera dorsalis


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Oriental Fruit FlyOriental Fruit Fly

Introduced into Hawaii 1945Introduced into Hawaii 1945

First found in California in 1960First found in California in 1960 Reintroduced in California every year since 1966Reintroduced in California every year since 1966

The Oriental fruit fly In FloridaThe Oriental fruit fly In Florida (10 introductions)(10 introductions)

First found in Florida in 1964First found in Florida in 1964

Most recent introductions 1999Most recent introductions 1999 20082008

Oriental fruit fly in Florida 1999Oriental fruit fly in Florida 1999 -- 20092009


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Oriental fruit fly in Florida 1999Oriental fruit fly in Florida 1999 20092009

Source Data: FDACS



Bactrocera dorsalis

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera invadensBactrocera invadens


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PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera invadensBactrocera invadens

New Pest SpeciesNew Pest SpeciesFirst detected in Kenya inFirst detected in Kenya in

2003, this invasive pest2003, this invasive pest

attacks a variety ofattacks a variety of

cultivated and wild hosts. Itcultivated and wild hosts. It

rapidly spread across Africarapidly spread across Africa

within two years and is nowwithin two years and is now

confirmed in 22 Africanconfirmed in 22 African

countries including thecountries including the

island of Grande Comores inisland of Grande Comores in

the Indian Ocean. Thethe Indian Ocean. The

rapidity and distance atrapidity and distance at

which the fly can dispersewhich the fly can disperse

and has serious implicationsand has serious implications

for the African continent andfor the African continent and

many of their tradingmany of their tradingpartners.partners.

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera latifronsBactrocera latifrons


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ff

This is an Oriental species from China, India, Laos, Malaysia, PThis is an Oriental species from China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sriakistan, Sri

Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand, but also with adventive populationsLanka, Taiwan, and Thailand, but also with adventive populations establishedestablished

in Hawaii since 1983. It invaded the Africa continent in Tanzanin Hawaii since 1983. It invaded the Africa continent in Tanzania during 2007ia during 2007

and has been detected in California. It attacks mainly solanaceand has been detected in California. It attacks mainly solanaceous crops suchous crops such

as chilli, eggplant and tomato.as chilli, eggplant and tomato.

Solanum Fruit FlySolanum Fruit Fly

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleae


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Olive Fruit FlyOlive Fruit Fly

First detected in California in October 1998, it is now found inFirst detected in California in October 1998, it is now found in all olive growingall olive growing

areas of the state.areas of the state. Use of olive trees as ornamentals is increasing in Florida,Use of olive trees as ornamentals is increasing in Florida,

and fruit from these trees probably could support olive fruit fland fruit from these trees probably could support olive fruit fly development.y development.

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE


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Bactrocera papayaeBactrocera papayae

Among the 52 sibling species complex of the Oriental fruit fly,Among the 52 sibling species complex of the Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalisB. dorsalis (Hendel),(Hendel), B.B.papayaepapayae (Drew & Hancock) is beginning to emerge as an economically impo(Drew & Hancock) is beginning to emerge as an economically importantrtant

insect pest which poses a severe threat to the fruit cultivationinsect pest which poses a severe threat to the fruit cultivation in the Southin the South--east Asianeast Asianregion as well as in many subtropical and tropical countries. Iregion as well as in many subtropical and tropical countries. It is able to occupy at is able to occupy awide geographic and climatic range and attacks a very wide rangewide geographic and climatic range and attacks a very wide range of fruits andof fruits andvegetables. It infests some 210 species of fruits and vegetablevegetables. It infests some 210 species of fruits and vegetables in 112 genera ands in 112 genera and47 plant families,47 plant families, making it probably one of the most damaging species in the worldmaking it probably one of the most damaging species in the world..Alarmingly. it has demonstrated that it is able to infest fruitsAlarmingly. it has demonstrated that it is able to infest fruits such as citrus andsuch as citrus andpawpaw at the unripe stage.pawpaw at the unripe stage.

Asian papaya fruit flyAsian papaya fruit fly



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Bactrocera philippinensisBactrocera philippinensis

Another example of a potential pest ofAnother example of a potential pest ofthe 52 sibling species complex of thethe 52 sibling species complex of theOriental fruit fly isOriental fruit fly is B. philippinensis,B. philippinensis, which is present in the Philippineswhich is present in the Philippineswhere it is known to attack papaya (where it is known to attack papaya (Carica papayaCarica papaya), mango (), mango (MangiferaMangiferaindicaindica),), Syzygium malaccenseSyzygium malaccense, Breadfruit (, Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilisArtocarpus altilis) and) and PouteriaPouteriaduklitan.duklitan. It has recently extended its distribution into the Pacific islanIt has recently extended its distribution into the Pacific islands ofds ofPalau. Although the current host range is limited to the hostsPalau. Although the current host range is limited to the hosts listed, it islisted, it is

likely to have wider host range similar to that of oriental fruilikely to have wider host range similar to that of oriental fruit fly andt fly andtherefore, is potentially serious pest species.therefore, is potentially serious pest species.

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera tryoniBactrocera tryoni


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Queensland Fruit FlQueensland Fruit Fly

The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is common in Australia (eastern half ofQueensland, eastern New South Wales, extreme east of Victoria). It is the mostdestructive fruit fly species in Australia. Although currently eradicated from westernAustralia this species has been introduced into New Guinea, New Caledonia, FrenchPolynesia (Austral Is., Society Is.), Easter I. It attacks over 113 species of edible and

wild fruits and fleshy vegetables.

Bactrocera tsuneonisBactrocera tsuneonis


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Orange Fruit FlyOrange Fruit Fly

B. tsuneonis is indigenous to eastern Asia (J apan, China,Taiwan, Viet Nam), but like other Bactrocera spp. is known byexperience to have the potential to establish adventive

populations in various other tropical areas. It is stenophagousattacking exclusively Citrus, especially mandarins. It is one ofthe most important pests of citrus in J apan. There is no known

male attractant.

No Photo available

at this time

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera zonataBactrocera zonata


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Peach Fruit FlyPeach Fruit Fly

After the discovery of at least six flies in the Mayfair districAfter the discovery of at least six flies in the Mayfair district of Fresno California int of Fresno California in

2006 & 2007, the California Department of Agriculture initiated2006 & 2007, the California Department of Agriculture initiated State Quarantines.State Quarantines.

Genus:Genus: CeratitisCeratitis


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DiversityDiversity 78 species78 species

About ten species are listed as pests that are mostly restrictedAbout ten species are listed as pests that are mostly restrictedto Africa. The Med fly is the most polyphagous andto Africa. The Med fly is the most polyphagous and

widespread species of Tephritidae and is by far the mostwidespread species of Tephritidae and is by far the most

notorious pest species in the genus.notorious pest species in the genus. Potential Pests USDA Regulated Pest ListPotential Pests USDA Regulated Pest List

C. capitataC. capitata ((Mediterranean Fruit FlyMediterranean Fruit Fly))

C. rosaC. rosa ((Natal Fruit FlyNatal Fruit Fly)) C. cosyraC. cosyra ((Marula Fruit FlyMarula Fruit Fly))

Ceratitis capitataCeratitis capitata


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Mediterranean Fruit FlyMediterranean Fruit Fly

Mediterranean fruit flyMediterranean fruit fly on coffee fruiton coffee fruit

i C t l A ii C t l A i


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in Central Americain Central America

Medfly infestations in Florida to 2009Medfly infestations in Florida to 2009


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y

1,000+ locations in 20 Counties

2,000+ locations in 27 Counties

678 locations in 9 Counties

142 locations in 6 Counties


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Ceratitis cosyraCeratitis cosyra


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Mango or Marula Fruit FlyMango or Marula Fruit Fly

C. cosyraC. cosyra is a pest of mangoes (is a pest of mangoes (Mangifera indicaMangifera indica), but is also), but is also

recorded from a few other fruit crops including avocadosrecorded from a few other fruit crops including avocados

((Persea americanaPersea americana), Citrus and peaches (), Citrus and peaches (Prunus persicaPrunus persica). It). Itresemblesresembles C. capitataC. capitata in biology and survival capacity butin biology and survival capacity but

possibly, in view of its essentially tropical distribution, it ipossibly, in view of its essentially tropical distribution, it is evens even

less tolerant of winter cold.less tolerant of winter cold.



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Carpomya pardalinaCarpomya pardalina

Seed Damage

Melon Fly of Central AsiaMelon Fly of Central Asia

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Bactrocera albistrigataBactrocera albistrigata


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Hosts OccurringHosts Occurringin Florida:in Florida:SyzygiumSyzygium spp.spp.

Tropical almondTropical almond

NEW FINDNEW FIND

Los Angeles, CA, J uly 2009Los Angeles, CA, J uly 2009Trapped 5 specimensTrapped 5 specimens

in cue lure baited trapsin cue lure baited traps

White Striped Fruit FlyWhite Striped Fruit Fly


Bactrocera scutellataBactrocera scutellata


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Bactrocera scutellataBactrocera scutellata

The Striped Fruit FlyThe Striped Fruit Fly

First detected in J apan in 2006.Single flies were trapped in 1987 and 1999 in California and 8 in Los Angeles 2009.

Some hosts are cucumber and squash.

3 stripes

Historic Highlights of Fruit FlyHistoric Highlights of Fruit Fly


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g g yg g y

Detection and Eradication in FloridaDetection and Eradication in Florida First AreaFirst Area--wide eradicationwide eradication

Mediterranean fruit fly 1929Mediterranean fruit fly 1929--3030


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Mediterranean fruit fly 1929Mediterranean fruit fly 1929--3030 First AreaFirst Area--wide aerial applicationwide aerial application

of malathion bait sprayof malathion bait spray

Mediterranean fruit flyMediterranean fruit flyeradication in 1956eradication in 1956--5757



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g g yg g y


Mediterranean fruit fly 1929Mediterranean fruit fly 1929--3030

First AreaFirst Area--wide aerialwide aerial

application of malathion baitapplication of malathion bait

sprayspray

Mediterranean fruit flyMediterranean fruit fly

eradication in 1956eradication in 1956--5757

First Successful AreaFirst Successful Area--wide SITwide SIT Current Sterile Med Fly PreventiveCurrent Sterile Med Fly Preventive

Release ProgramRelease Program

Primary screw worm fly, 1950Primary screw worm fly, 1950ss

Isthmus ofIsthmus ofPanamaPanama


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Sterile primary screw worm flies are released weekly maintaininga barrier to prevent re-introduction into North America

Current Preventive Release ProgramCurrent Preventive Release Program100,000,000100,000,000


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Sterile MedSterile Med

Fly pupae areFly pupae are

received fromreceived from

productionproduction

facilities infacilities inGuatemalaGuatemala

each weekeach week

and sterileand sterileadults areadults are

release overrelease over

600 square600 squaremilesmiles

1. Tampa:1. Tampa:(Hillsborough(HillsboroughCounty)County)

2. Bradenton2. Bradenton

& Sarasota:& Sarasota:(Manatee and(Manatee and

SarasotaSarasota

Counties)Counties)

SterileSterile

InsectInsect

ReleaseRelease

FacilityFacilitySarasotaSarasota

3. Miami:3. Miami:

(Miami(Miami--DadeDade& Broward& Broward

Counties)Counties)

Aerial Release Florida PRPAerial Release Florida PRP


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Twin engine turbo prop air craft equippedTwin engine turbo prop air craft equipped

with a release machine consisting ofwith a release machine consisting of

compressor and teflon coated augers for acompressor and teflon coated augers for acontrolled release ratecontrolled release rate

Temperature controlledTemperature controlled

chilled sterile fly releasechilled sterile fly releasebox loaded on aircraftbox loaded on aircraft

release machinerelease machine (38(38 F)F)

Fruit Fly Detection andFruit Fly Detection and


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EradicationEradication Cooperative Fruit Fly Programs in FloridaCooperative Fruit Fly Programs in Florida

J oint State and Federal Fruit Fly (FDACS/DPI &J oint State and Federal Fruit Fly (FDACS/DPI &

USDA/APHIS/PPQ)USDA/APHIS/PPQ) General Fruit Fly DetectionGeneral Fruit Fly Detection

55,000 fruit fly detection traps from Key West to J acksonville55,000 fruit fly detection traps from Key West to J acksonville

and Panama City requiring 250 field personneland Panama City requiring 250 field personnel Caribbean Fruit Fly Free CertificationCaribbean Fruit Fly Free Certification

Seasonal trapping for export of grapefruit to Asia and EuropeSeasonal trapping for export of grapefruit to Asia and Europe

Blueberry Maggot Free CertificationBlueberry Maggot Free CertificationSeasonal trapping for export of blueberries to CanadaSeasonal trapping for export of blueberries to Canada

Sterile Mediterranean Fruit Fly Preventive ReleaseSterile Mediterranean Fruit Fly Preventive Release

Species Specific LuresSpecies Specific Lures


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J ackson Trap baited with Trimedlure,J ackson Trap baited with Trimedlure,

Methyl Eugenol, or CuelureMethyl Eugenol, or Cuelure


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MultiMulti--lure trap baited with: alure trap baited with: a

three component synthetic bait lurethree component synthetic bait lure


Drosophilidae:Drosophilidae: Zaprionus indianusZaprionus indianus


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Drosophilidae:Drosophilidae:Zaprionus indianusZaprionus indianus

African Fig FlyAfrican Fig FlyBrazil 1999, Panama 2003, and Florida 2005Brazil 1999, Panama 2003, and Florida 2005

PEST ON THE MOVEPEST ON THE MOVE Drosophila suzukiiDrosophila suzukii


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Spotted Wing Drosophila or Cherry Vinegar FlySpotted Wing Drosophila or Cherry Vinegar Fly

Occurs inOccurs in China, J apan, Korea, and Thailand. It became established in HawChina, J apan, Korea, and Thailand. It became established in Hawaiiaii

in 1990 and most recently in California, Florida, Oregon, and Wain 1990 and most recently in California, Florida, Oregon, and Washington in thshington in th

US spring 2009 where it infests blueberries, cherries, grapes, rUS spring 2009 where it infests blueberries, cherries, grapes, raspberries, andaspberries, and

strawberries.strawberries.

Male Female & Males

Drosophila suzukii FindsAug 2009 - Feb 2010


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Weekly Drosophi la suzukii FindsAug 8, 2009 - Feb 18, 2010

200 90Total Flies Avg Temp (F) Dover, FL


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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28Weeks

TotalFlies

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Avg

.Temp.

(F

)

Upper Activity Threshold 89

Optimal Activity 68

Lower Development Threshold 48


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Fruit Fly Identification LaboratoryFruit Fly Identification LaboratoryDPI/FDACSDPI/FDACS

923 10923 10thth

Street EastStreet EastPalmetto, FL 43221Palmetto, FL 43221

941941--721721--66216621

Suspect Fruit Fly Pests:Suspect Fruit Fly Pests:


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Acknowledgements:

Distribution Maps Arnold Bailey

and Renae Snyder

Photos:USDA, FDACS, CDFA,

Ministry of Agriculture Brazil

Exotic Fruit Fly Pests Report

Documents

Transcript of Exotic Fruit Fly Pests Report