Exercise 263 1. Caesar, who was a great general, conquered the...
Transcript of Exercise 263 1. Caesar, who was a great general, conquered the...
Exercise 263 — Practice with Relative Pronouns Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Caesar, who was a great general, conquered the Gauls.
Caesar, ____________ imperator magnus fuit, Gallos vicit.
2. The Gauls, whose leaders Caesar killed, were not friends of the Romans.
Galli, _______________ duces Caesar occidit, amici Romanorum non fuerunt.
3. Caesar, whose victories we all praise, was a great general.
Caesar, _____________ victorias omnes laudamus, imperator magnus fuit.
4. God, to whom we give thanks, is our Father.
Deus, ______________ gratias agimus, Pater noster est.
5. The soldiers to whom Caesar gave rewards were brave.
Milites, _____________ Caesar praemia dedit fortes erant.
6. Caesar, whom the Romans praised, was a great general.
Caesar, ___________ Romani laudaverunt, imperator magnus fuit.
7. The Gauls, whom Caesar conquered, fought bravely.
Galli, _____________ Caesar vicit, fortiter pugnaverunt.
8. The Gauls with whom Caesar fought were brave.
Galli _____________ -cum Caesar pugnavit, fortes erant.
9. The war, about which the Senate sent letters into Gaul, was long and difficult.
Bellum de ____________ senatus litteras in Galliam misit longum et difficili fuit.
10. The town that Caesar stormed was large.
Oppidum _____________ Caesar oppugnavit magnum fuit.
11. The army with which Caesar came into Gaul was large.
Exercitus _____________-cum Caesar in Galliam venit magnus erat.
12. The victory for which Caesar was eager was not easy.
Victoria ____________ Caesar cupidus erat facilis non erat.
13. The Gauls burned the baggage that was in the camp.
Galli impedimenta _____________ in castris erant incenderunt.
Exercise 264 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Romani Christum, quo erat Filius Dei, occiderunt. _____________________________________________
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2. Maria, quam laudamus, Mater Dei est. ______________________________________________________
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3. Gentes quae provinciae finitimae erant legatos miserunt ut auxilium peterent. _______________________
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4. Legio quae trans flumen fuerat in silvas statim missa est ut hostes pelleret.__________________________
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5. Bella quae patres nostri gesserunt memoria semper tenebimus. ___________________________________
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6. Oppidum in quó frúmentum erat a Rómánís oppugnabatur. ______________________________________
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7. Imperátórés quórum memoriam laudámus fortés erant. _________________________________________
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8. Légátus obsidés quós in castrís tenebat occídit ut Gallós terreret. _________________________________
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9. Ego, quí Rómánus sum, tibi nón cedam. _____________________________________________________
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10. Caesar auxilia in silvás statim misit né hostés nostrós vincerent. __________________________________
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11. Légátus servum cui hostés gladium dederant occídit. ___________________________________________
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12. Híberna in quibus Rómání sunt angusta sunt. (no this isn’t a typo!) __________________________________
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13. Dabisne nóbís, quí Gallí sumus, frúmentum? _________________________________________________
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14. Régem pró quó pugnavi omnés hominés memoria tenebunt. _____________________________________
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15. Rómání eós quibuscum pugnaverant saepe occidébant. _________________________________________
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16. Caesar, quocum eram, mihi praemia dedit. ___________________________________________________
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17. Quí légem Chrístí servant, sánctí sunt. ______________________________________________________
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18. Gentés in quarum fínés Caesar vénit fortiter cum eó pugnaverunt. _________________________________
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19. Legiónés quás tráns flúmen latum prímá lúce videram á Caesare in castra ductae sunt. ________________
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20. Caesar imperium cújus cupidus erat obtinuit. _________________________________________________
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Exercise 265 – Practice with Relative Clauses. Nómen: _____________________________
Divide up this work over several days.
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. The Romans always killed slaves who had helped the enemy. ____________________________________
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2. The mountains of Gaul, across which Caesar often led the Roman forces, were high. __________________
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3. Caesar often killed the leaders of the tribes with which he fought. _________________________________
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4. Caesar led the troops across many rivers, which were long and deep. ______________________________
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5. Christ, who ís the Son of God, was killed by the Romans. _______________________________________
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6. The legion, which was in the forest, was fighting bravely. _______________________________________
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7. The legion, to which the Gauls gave grain, was led into winter quarters. ____________________________
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8. The legion, the centurions of which were brave, conquered the enemy. _____________________________
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9. The legions, which Caesar led into the province, were brave. ____________________________________
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10. The legion, with which the Gauls fought, was brave. ___________________________________________
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11. The soldiers, whose courage Caesar praised, are in winter quarters. _______________________________
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12. The soldiers, to whom the general gave thanks, had withstood many attack of the enemy. ______________
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13. The Gauls often bravely defended the towns which the Romans stormed. ___________________________
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14. The territory of the enemy, into which Caesar led all the Roman forces, was full of dangers. ____________
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15. The affair, concerning which Caesar was treating with the Gauls, was serious. _______________________
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16. The forest, through which Caesar often led the Roman legions, was full of dangers. __________________
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17. The Roman people, on whose behalf Caesar fought, was great and renowned. _______________________
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18. Caesar seized many cities, from which Rome was far distant. ____________________________________
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19. The roads, which were constructed by the Romans, were long and safe. ____________________________
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20. The things, on account of which peoples and tribes wage war, are serious. __________________________
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21. Caesar immediately gave the soldiers the grain, which the slaves had carried into the camp. ____________
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22. Caesar conquered the soldiers, with whom the enemy had filled the bridge. _________________________
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23. I, who am a Christian, will always praise Christ. ______________________________________________
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24. We all praise Caesar, whose victories were many and great. _____________________________________
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25. The Gauls were storming the camp, which had been pitched in their territory. _______________________
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26. Caesar held (obtineo) the power, for which he had been eager. ___________________________________
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27. To you, who are enemies of the Roman name, I shall give neither grain nor arms. ____________________
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28. We soldiers, who fight for Rome, are eager for victory and fame. _________________________________
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29. The hill, on which the Romans pitched the camp, ís high. _______________________________________
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Exercise 266 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Translate.
1. “Bis1 vincit qui se vincit in victoria.” —Publilius Syrus.
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a. What is the antecedent of qui? __________________________________________________________
b. Why is se used instead of eum? _________________________________________________________
2. “Omnes enim filii Dei estis per fidem quae est in Christo Jesu.” —St. Paul.
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a. Explain the case of filii. ________________________________________________________________
b. With what does omnes agree? ___________________________________________________________
3. Jesus Christus, qui pro nobis mortem semel2 vicit, semper mortem in nobis vincit.
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a. Give the rule for the case of mortem. _____________________________________________________
4. Templum3 Dei sanctum est, quod estis vos. —Adapted from St. Paul.
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1 bis, adv.: twice. 2 semel, adv.: once. 3 templum, i: temple.
Exercise 267 Practice with ad vs in AND new Idioms
1. In fines hostium pervenerunt. _____________________________________________________________
2. Ad flumen pervenerunt. __________________________________________________________________
3. Ad flumen pugnaverunt. _________________________________________________________________
4. Usque ad noctem pugnaverunt. ____________________________________________________________
5. Arma ad bellum utilia sunt. _______________________________________________________________
6. Prima luce ad castra perventum est. _________________________________________________________
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7. Prima luce in castra pervenit. ______________________________________________________________
8. Erat inopia omnium rerum in hibernis nostris. ________________________________________________
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9. Ad impedimenta acriter pugnatum est. ______________________________________________________
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10. Milites ad omnia parati erant. _____________________________________________________________
11. In locum tutum castra movit. ______________________________________________________________
12. Frumentum in castra portabatur. ___________________________________________________________
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13. Duxitne milites in urbem? ________________________________________________________________
14. Duxitne milites usque ad urbem? ___________________________________________________________
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15. Milites Romani, ad mortem parati, pro portis instructi sunt. ______________________________________
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16. In silvas contendebat. ____________________________________________________________________
17. Ad silvas contendebat. ___________________________________________________________________
18. Eos in provinciam misit. _________________________________________________________________
19. Eos ad provinciam misit. _________________________________________________________________
20. In loca aliena milites duxit. _______________________________________________________________
21. In hiberna legatum misit. _________________________________________________________________
22. Ad Caesarem legatos miserunt. ____________________________________________________________
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23. Miles in pontem missus est. _______________________________________________________________
24. Miles ad pontem missus est. ______________________________________________________________
25. Caesar undique principes ad se vocavit. _____________________________________________________
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26. Ad flumen perventum est. _______________
Exercise 268 Nómen: _____________________________________
Practice with ad Hodie est: ___________________________________
1. Ad impedimenta acriter usque ad noctem pugnatum est. __________________________________________
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2. Legati in castra celeriter pervenerunt ut auxilium peterent. _______________________________________
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3. Mittesne litteras et legatos ad me? _____________________________________________________________________
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4. Christiani propter Christum ad laborem et mortem parati sunt. _________________________________
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5. Omnia quae ad bellum pertinent ab hostibus nostris comparantur; itaque nos etiam ea quae
ad bellum utilia sunt comparabimus. ___________________________________________________________________
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6. Hostes, gloriae cupidi, usque ad castra nostra venerunt. ____________________________________________
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7. Duces de omnibus rebus quae ad militum salutem pertinent in consilio inter se agunt. _______
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8. Milites ad laborem praemiis facile incitantur. _________________________________________________________
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9. Prima luce ad fines hostium perventum est. __________________________________________________________
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10. Ibi flumen latum erat, sed pons pertinuit ad urbem quam legatus tenebat. _____________________
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11. Imperator omnes legatos et milites ad se statim vocavit. ___________________________________________
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12. Tribunos militum ad omnes civitates finitimas dimisit ut praemiis et orationibus amicitiam
cum eis confirmarent. _____________________________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 269 Nómen: _____________________________
Practice with ad Hodie est: ___________________________
1. They arrived at a river which was wide and deep. ______________________________________________
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2. There was bitter fighting at the river. (use the Latin idiomatic expression) _______________________________
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3. They hastened to Caesar to help him. _______________________________________________________
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4. Did the Romans fight until night? __________________________________________________________
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5. Are the soldiers prepared for battle? ________________________________________________________
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6. Swords and arms are useful for war. ________________________________________________________
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7. They prepared everything which pertained to the journey. _______________________________________
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8. They stationed soldiers on the bridge which stretched to Rome. __________________________________
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9. They hastened to the river to defend the bridge. _______________________________________________
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10. The fresh legions were sent against the Gauls by the lieutenant. __________________________________
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11. They hastened to the hill and fortified it with a rampart and a ditch lest the enemy seize it. _____________
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Exercise 270 – Practice distinguishing I.O.’s and the use of ad. Nómen: _____________________________
Warning: Don’t confuse ad with the dative case used for Indirect Objects. There are some of both in this
exercise.
1. They handed over the arms to the Romans. ___________________________________________________
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2. They hastened to the Romans. _____________________________________________________________
3. They gave hostages to the Romans. _________________________________________________________
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4. They carried grain to the army. ____________________________________________________________
5. He called the lieutenants to him. ___________________________________________________________
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6. He sent envoys to all the neighboring tribes. __________________________________________________
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Exercise 271 - Review Nómen: _____________________________________
1. Give the rule for the Ablative of Accompaniment. ___________________________________________________
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2. Give the rule for the Ablative of Agency. ______________________________________________________________
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3. Name the Secondary Tenses of the indicative. ________________________________________________________
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4. Explain the use of sancti in this sentence: (Part of Speech, what it agrees with, gender, number, case,
placement)
Omnes sancti Deum laudant.
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Exercise 272 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Translate into English.
1. Hostés servum in castra Caesaris mísérunt quí consilia éjus cognosceret. ___________________________
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2. Dux mílités ad omnia paratos in aciem deduxit quí hostium cópiás sustinerent. ______________________
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3. Nuntium ad té mittam quí dé injuriis tecum agat. ______________________________________________
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4. Dux mílités ad collem statim misit quí eum valló fossáque munirent. ______________________________
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5. Misitne réx ad Caesarem nuntium quí auxilium peteret? ________________________________________
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6. Equités ad flúmen misit quí loci naturam cognoscerent. _________________________________________
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7. Propter injurias legatum misit quí obsidés occideret. ___________________________________________
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Exercise 273 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Use a relative clause of purpose whenever possible.
1. They immediately sent envoys into the camp of Caesar to seek peace. _____________________________
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2. A messenger was sent to Caesar to beg help. _________________________________________________
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3. In front of the gate he stationed soldiers who were prepared for everything. _________________________
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4. Soldiers were stationed on the bridge. _______________________________________________________
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5. The chief came to seek grain. _____________________________________________________________
6. He fortified the camp with a rampart lest the enemy storm it. ____________________________________
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7. He sent a lieutenant into Italy to lead away the new legions into Gaul. _____________________________
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Exercise 274 — Review
1. What ís the rule for Ablative of Agency? ____________________________________________________
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2. What ís the rule for the Ablative of Means? __________________________________________________
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3. Name the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative: ________________________________________________
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4. How are verbs used impersonally in Latin? Give an example.
Translate on this paper. Underline the Subject Noun of each sentence. If the SN is in the verb, double
underline the verb. Do not begin a sentence with the Direct Object.
Reading #16
How a Hostile King Honored the Heroic Patriotism of Mucius Scaevola
Porsenna1 regnum Etruscorum2 obtinebat. Is erat vir fortis et imperii atque gloriae cupidus.
Itaque cum Romanis de imperio Italiae contendit et Romam magnis copiis oppugnabat. Romani
autem copiam frumenti non habebant et vehementer terrebantur. Erat autem in numero
Romanorum vir fortis, Mucius Scaevola.3 Ab eo virtus Romanorum confirmabatur. Eis enim, “In
castra Etruscorum,”2 inquit,4 “contendam et Porsennam1 regem occidam. Ita Romam servabo.”
Itaque in eorum castra tutus pervenit. (However, he had never seen the King, and so by
mistake he killed one of the court officials instead of Porsenna.) Itaque Etrusci eum ad regem
duxerunt. Porsenna1 autem periculo vehementer motus est. Itaque Mucio,3 “Ad me venisti,”
inquit,4 “ut me occideres. Vitam meam petivisti. Id non sine auxilio neque sine consilio egisti.
Si5 de consiliis vestris me monueris, vitam tuam servabo et te dimittam.”
Mucius autem regi, “Omnes Romani,” inquit,4 “ad mortem parati sunt. Periculo mortis non
movebuntur. Multi mittentur in castra ad te qui te occidant. Non vitam sed civitatem nostram
servabimus. Ego enim neque a te terreor neque metu mortis terrebor.”
Erat autem ibi ante6 regem ignis.7 Tum Mucius, ut rex virtutem Romanam cognosceret,
manum dexteram8 in igne7 statim posuit neque dolore9 superatus est. Porsenna autem virtute
Mucii vehementer motus est. Itaque ejus et vitam conservavit et virtutem laudavit. Eum etiam
in castra Romanorum dimisit. Post id rex legatos ad imperatorem Romanum misit qui pacem
peterent. Ita civitas Romana virtute Mucii servata est.
1 Porsenna, ae: Porsenna (a proper name) 2 Etrusci, Etruscorum: the Etruscans (a people who dwelt north of Rome) 3 Mucius, (i) Scaevola (ae): Mucius Scaevola 4 inquit: he said. Inquit, as here, is always put after the first words of a direct quotation. 5 si: if 6 ante, prep. w/acc.: before 7 ignis, is, m.: fire 8 manum dexteram: right hand 9 dolor, doloris: pain
Translate on this paper. Underline the Subject Noun of each sentence. If the SN is in the verb, double
underline the verb. Do not begin a sentence with the Direct Object.
Reading #16
How a Hostile King Honored the Heroic Patriotism of Mucius Scaevola
Porsenna1 regnum Etruscorum2 obtinebat. Is erat vir fortis et imperii atque gloriae SN DO of pl. active verb SN (he) LV SN Adj. obj. of cupidus obj. of cupidus
cupidus. Itaque (cum Romanis) (de imperio Italiae) contendit et Romam magnis copiis adj. Conj. prep. object prep. object of active verb SC dir. object adj. ABL. MEANS
oppugnabat. Romani autem copiam frumenti non habebant et vehementer terrebantur. translate perfect tense SN conj. dir. obj. of translate perfect adv. passive verb
Erat autem (in numero Romanorum) vir fortis, Mucius Scaevola.3 (Ab eo) virtus Romanorum There was conj. (among) prep. phrase SN Adj. Appositive ABL AGENT SN of PL
confirmabatur. Eis enim, “In castra Etruscorum,”2 inquit,4 “contendam et Porsennam1 passive verb Ind. Obj. Conj. he said future 1st person Dir. Object
regem occidam. Ita Romam servabo.” appositive future 1st pers. Thus, D.O. Future 1st person Itaque in eorum castra tutus pervenit. (However, he had never seen the King, and so Conj. prep. “their” obj. prep. adj. active verb
by mistake he killed one of the court officials instead of Porsenna.) Itaque Etrusci eum ad Conj. S.N. D.O. prep
regem duxerunt. Porsenna1 autem periculo vehementer motus est. Itaque Mucio,3 “Ad Obj. prep. active SN conjunction ABL MEANS adverb passive verb Conjunction SN prep
me venisti,” inquit,4 “ut me occideres. Vitam meam petivisti. Id non sine auxilio neque O.P. Perfect 2nd Per. S. he said to DO subj. verb Dir. Object adj. perf. 2nd P. S. D.O. (this) adv. prep. o.p. nor
sine consilio egisti. Si5 de consiliis vestris me monueris, vitam tuam servabo et te prep. obj. prep. You did If prep. o.p. adj. d.o. translate future d.o. adj. I will save d.o.
dimittam.” future 1st p. singular
Mucius autem regi, “Omnes Romani,” inquit,4 “ad mortem parati sunt. Periculo S.N. conj. “to” Adj. S.N. he said for o.p. adj. L.V. ABL MEANS
mortis non movebuntur. Multi mittentur in castra ad te qui te occidant. Non vitam sed “of” adv. 3rd p. Pl. future passive Adj.&S.N. future passive obj. prep. to o.p. to d.o. kill d.o. conj.
civitatem nostram servabimus. Ego enim neque a te terreor neque metu mortis dir. object adj. Use this verb twice; once for each d.o. Conj. neither by you passive 1P nor ABL MEANS (fear of death)
terrebor.” Passive future
Erat autem ibi ante6 regem ignis.7 Tum Mucius, ut rex virtutem Romanam Being Verb conj. adv. prep. o.p. S.N. Then, S.N. in order that SN D.O. Adj.
cognosceret, manum dexteram8 in igne7 statim posuit neque dolore9 superatus est. might learn d.o. right prep phrase adverb perfect 3P and … not ABL MEANS passive 3P sing.
Porsenna autem virtute Mucii vehementer motus est. Itaque ejus et vitam conservavit et Subj. Noun conj. ABL MEANS “of” adverb passive Conj. his d.o. perf. 3P sing.
virtutem laudavit. Eum etiam in castra Romanorum dimisit. Post id rex legatos ad dir. obj. perf. 3P S. D.O. also/even “of” perf. 3P s. Prep. this SN D.O. to
imperatorem Romanum misit qui pacem peterent. Ita civitas Romana virtute Mucii D. O. Adj. Perf. 3P S. to d.o. seek Thus S.N. Adj. ABL. MEANS of
servata est. passive 3P s.
1 Porsenna, ae: Porsenna (a proper name) 2 Etrusci, Etruscorum: the Etruscans (a people who dwelt north of Rome) 3 Mucius, (i) Scaevola (ae): Mucius Scaevola 4 inquit: he said. Inquit, as here, is always put after the first words of a direct quotation. 5 si: if 6 ante, prep. w/acc.: before 7 ignis, is, m.: fire 8 manum dexteram: right hand 9 dolor, doloris: pain
Exercise 275 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Relative purpose clauses containing comparatives.
1. Légátus custódés ad flúmen statim collocávit quó facilius pontem defenderent. ______________________
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2. Ducés Rómání agrós Gallórum vastabant né diutius bellum gererent. ______________________________
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3. Caesar centuriónés et tribúnós mílitum saepe appellabat quó diutius pugnarent. ______________________
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4. Imperátor auxilium in prímam aciem misit quó diutius et facilius mílités hostés pellerent. ______________
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5. Equités ad murum appropinquaverunt; mílités autem portae appropinquaverunt. _____________________
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Exercise 276 Nómen: _____________________________
Relative purpose clauses containing comparatives. Hodie est: ___________________________
1. They killed the guards that they might more easily approach the camp. _____________________________
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2. They killed the hostages that the enemy might not fight longer.. __________________________________
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3. They drove the enemy into the town that they might more easily lay waste the fields. _________________
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4. The lieutenant gave rewards to the soldiers that they might fight longer. ____________________________
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5. They stationed guards on the bridge to defend it more easily. (express “it”) _________________________
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6. They fortified the winter quarters with a rampart and a ditch that they might repulse the enemy more easily.
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Exercise 277 ~ Review
1. Parse the italicized words: Reges saepe sunt gloriae cupidi.
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2. Give the rule for the Ablative of Means. _____________________________________________________
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Reading No.17 Report From the Front
The radio has brought the great events of the world into our own parlors. Ringside and
battlefront broadcasts keep us up with the news as it happens. Let us imagine that we are
ancient Romans, seated in our home at Rome and listening to a broadcast direct from a winter
quarters of Caesar’s army in Gaul.
“Your announcer is Quintus Titurius Mucius, with the Second Legion in their Belgian winter
quarters. Your friends here have been enjoying a very quiet winter. The Belgians (clamores subito1 per
radiophoniam2 a nobis audiuntur) . . . (Excitedly) Friends, this is it . . . Hostes appropinquant. Hibernis
nostris appropinquiant! . . . Usque ad portas celeriter appropinquant! Auditis clamorem et
hostium et nostrorum. Principes et duces, viri fortes, etiam cum eis appropinquant. Etiam
Regem eorum video! Custodes nostros statim gladiis occidunt et eos qui in muro sunt telis
occidunt quo facilius hiberna oppugnent. Nostri omnes statim ad arma vocantur. (Voces
centurionum per radiophoniam2 audiuntur.) Tribuni militum muros hominibus complent!
Equites per portas celeriter mittuntur. Acriter cum Gallis pugnant! . . . (Magnus clamor subito1
auditur.) Rex . . . Rex hostium telis occisus est! Nunc hostes pelluntur! Cedunt! Silvas petunt!
Sed legatus noster, vir bonus et fortis, equites nunc mittit qui eos omnes occidant. Friends, it’s all
over and may that be a lesson to them. Fortuna legiones Romanas semper adjuvat.”
1 subito, adv.: suddenly
2 radiophonia, ae: radio