EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES
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Transcript of EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES
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EXERCISE 19: EXERCISE 19:
BRAIN AND CRANIAL BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVESNERVES
http://www.vision.caltech.edu/feifeili/101_ObjectCategories/brain/image_0026.jpg
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FOREBRAINFOREBRAIN
MIDBRAINMIDBRAIN
HINDBRAINHINDBRAIN
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CEREBRUM
Transverse Fissure
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ON FRONTAL LOBE ON FRONTAL LOBE Primary motor areaPrimary motor area
ON ON PARIETAL PARIETAL
LOBE LOBE Primary Primary somato-somato-sensory sensory
areaarea
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Cortex (superficial) is gray matterCortex (superficial) is gray matterWhite matter is deeperWhite matter is deeper
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DIENCEPHALON= thalamus + DIENCEPHALON= thalamus + hypothalamushypothalamus
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Pineal Gland
Endocrine Endocrine AttachmentsAttachments
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MENINGESMENINGES
Same setup as Same setup as spinal cord—spinal cord—
Dura mater most Dura mater most superficial,superficial,
Arachnoid,Arachnoid,
Pia mater closest Pia mater closest to brainto brain
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• Mesencephalic or CEREBRAL aqueduct
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CHOROID PLEXUSESCHOROID PLEXUSES
Specialized capillaries in Specialized capillaries in ventriclesventricles
Produce CSF—Circulates Produce CSF—Circulates from here to central canal (s. from here to central canal (s. cord) & around outside of cord) & around outside of brain/cord toobrain/cord too
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MIDBRAINMIDBRAIN
CORPORA CORPORA QUADRIGEMINAQUADRIGEMINA
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HINDBRAINHINDBRAIN
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HINDBRAIN--HINDBRAIN--cerebellumcerebellum
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Don’t Forget!
• Sheep Brain Dissection next class!
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Sensory Nerve Sensory Nerve AttachmentsAttachments
Optic nerves: to eyes
Optic tracts: to brain
Optic chiasm: cross
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CRANIAL NERVES12 pairs
Connect to brain:CN I cerebrumCN II thalamusCN III-XII brain stem
O O O T T A F V G V A H S S M M B M B S B B M M
Nerve names:Nerve names:
Nerve functions:Nerve functions:
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Brain Overload!!
• Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly…
Or– Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good
VIOLINS, AH!
• Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big BROWNIES Matter Most
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CN I: OLFACTORY
• SENSORY• Smell• From olfactory
epithelium• Olfactory nerve-bulb-
tract• (Cribriform foramina of
ethmoid)14-21
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CN II: OPTIC
• SENSORY
• From retina
• Optic nerve-chiasm-tract
• (Optic canal-sphenoid)
14-22
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CN III: OCULOMOTOR
• Mostly MOTOR
• To eye muscles
• (superior orbital fissures-sphenoid)
14-22
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CN IV: TROCHLEAR• Mostly MOTOR
• To superior oblique eye muscles
• (superior orbital fissures-sphenoid)
14-22
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CN V: TRIGEMINAL• Mixed (sensory and motor)
• Ophthalmic Branch– Sensory-orbital, upper face structures
• Maxillary Branch– Sensory-lower face structures
• Mandibular Branch– Mixed-mouth
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14-24
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CN VI: ABDUCENS
14-23
• Mostly motor
• To lateral rectus eye muscles
• (superior orbital fissure)
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CN VII: FACIAL
14-25
• Mixed
• To parts of face
• Expressions, tear/salivary glands
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CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
14-26
• Sensory, from inner ear
• Vestibular branch
– Balance, equilibrium
• Cochlear branch
– Hearing
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CN IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
14-27
• Mixed to head and neck
• Sensory: posterior tongue
• Motor: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing), salivary gland
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CN X: VAGUS• Mixed to visceral
organs, larynx, pharynx
• Sensory: ear, diaphragm, organs
• Motor: pharynx, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems
14-28
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CN XI: ACCESSORY• Mostly motor• To muscles of neck,
upper back• Cranial root
– Fibers originate in medulla
• Spinal root– Some motor fibers
originate in spinal cord
• Join at foramen magnum
14-29
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CN XII: HYPOGLOSSAL
• Mostly motor
• To tongue muscles
14-29
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CRANIAL NERVES
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Sheep Brain Dissection
• Safety First!– Sharps: blades and blade holders– Goggles– Gloves– Biohazard waste disposal
• No tissue down the drain!• Gloves also
– Cleaning the dissection trays & your instruments
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Sheep Brain Dissection
• http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/brshpx.htm
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Sheep BrainSheep Brain• Dura mater, pia mater
• Lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) Superficial
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• Pituitary gland
• Olfactory bulbs
• Optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract
Superficial
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Sheep BrainSheep Brain• Cerebral cortex (gray matter)
• Cerebral white matter
• Corpus callosum
• third, 4th ventricles
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Pineal gland
• Superior colliculi
• Inferior colliculi
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
• Cerebellum (arbor vitae, cerebellar cortex)
Longitudinal section
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Sheep BrainSheep Brain• Lateral ventricles Transverse section
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Sheep BrainSheep Brain• Dura mater, pia mater• Pituitary gland• Olfactory bulbs• Optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract• Cerebral cortex (gray matter)• Cerebral white matter• Corpus callosum• Lateral, third, 4th ventricles• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Pineal gland• Superior colliculi• Inferior colliculi• Pons• Medulla oblongata• Cerebellum (arbor vitae, cerebellar cortex)
Superficial
Longitudinal section & Transverse section