Excluded from Reform

Chapter 21 Section 4

Prejudice and Discrimination discrimination – unequal treatment because of race,

religion, ethnic background, or place of birth Springfield, Illinois – location of a racial riot

Anti-Catholicism American Protective Association – spread rumors

that Catholics were preparing to take over the country

Anti-Semitism Landlords, employers, and schools discriminated

against Jews

Anti-Asian Policies California would not allow the Chinese to become citizens 1907, Roosevelt passed the Gentlemen’s Agreement with

Japan, restricting Japanese immigrationIn 1913, California made it illegal for Japanese immigrants to buy land

 Discrimination against African Americans African Americans faced discrimination in the South AND

the North 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson – legalized “separate but equal”

facilities Ku Klux Klan – wanted to restore America to white and

Protestant, against African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and other immigrants

Racial Violence People who lost their jobs in the late 1800s and early

1900s blamed African Americans leading to thousands of lynchings (hangings)

Struggle for Equal Opportunity Booker T. Washington – born in slavery, taught himself

to read, founded Tuskegee Institute National Negro Business League – founded to promote

business development among African Americans Up From Slavery – Booker T. Washington’s

autobiography Washington believed that equality would be achieved

when African Americans gained education and skills 

African American Women Take Action Ida B. Wells – wrote about lynching in her book

A Red RecordOther Successes George Washington Carver – helped improve

economy in the South through discoveries of plant products

Maggie Lena – first American woman to serve as a bank president

 Native Americans Seek Justice Society of American Indians – formed to seek

justice for Native Americans Dr. Carlos Montezuma – exposed government

abuse of Native American rights 

Mexican Americans Work Together Mutualistas – self-defense associations barrios – poor Mexican neighborhoods