Exam paper College Reading 1 ( TESL )

CONFIDENTIAL ED/APR 2007/TSL011

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARAFINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

COURSE CODE

EXAMINATION

TIME

: COLLEGE READING 1

: TSL011

: APRIL 2007

: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

This question paper consists of two (2) parts : PART A

PARTB

Answer ALL questions in the Question Paper.

Fill in the details below before the examination starts:

Student Registration Number :

Lecturer's Name :

Class :

Section I (10 Questions)Section II (5 Questions)Section I (11 Questions)Section II (10 Questions)

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by theinvigilator.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SOThis examination paper consists of 13 printed pages

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL ED/APR2007/TSL011

PART A (20 MARKS)

Section I

Instructions: Read text 1 and text 2, then fill in the referents for the words/phrases in thebox below.

TEXT1

In Malaysia, like in many other developed countries, a new sub-culture called 'latch-keychildren' is developing. By this is meant that children look after themselves at home. Themore affluent families have maids to look after them. (1) Others have baby sitters. Childrenfrom infancy are left in other people's care while their parents go to work. It is a commonsight to see mothers or fathers carrying sleeping infants in the morning and taking them today-care centres before leaving for work. (2) This is such a common thing today that awhole industry of day care centres have sprung up. In a few cases, there are even day-carecentres provided by enlightened employers as part of an employment package. Parentsgenerally take their young ones home in the evenings. Some leave them at the homes ofbaby sitters, often the children's grandparents or aunts and uncles, and take them home onlyon weekends. (3) These and other arrangements go on till the child is old, and independent,enough to take care of itself at home. Children being left in the care of others is not (4) anew phenomenon. In most countries, throughout history, children have been left atboarding schools. This is usually the case of older children. (5) The children have generallyfared well and in many cases have excelled in their studies.

1.

2.

3.

4. •

5.

Others

This

These

a new phenomenon

The children

Referent

(5 marks)


CONFIDENTIAL ED/APR 2007/TSL011

TEXT 2

After all the indignities that have been done to animals by man since the beginning of time, itseems ridiculous to even ask if transplanting their organs into humans can ever be justified.Man has enslaved most animals except the wildest. Animals serve (1) his every need: asbeasts of burden, as performers, as pets and especially as food. It seems so logical toassume that it is justifiable to do anything to animals. If that is the case, then by serving asorgan donors to man, and dying in (2) the process, the animals are certainly serving ahigher purpose-albeit unwillingly than dying to be man's food. Studies reveal that man wasoriginally vegetarian. Then he started to eat meat. After that he started to kill for the pleasureof (3) it. His target: defenseless animals. If all he wants is food, all his needs would besatisfied through farming. (4) That never seems to be enough, so he has to eat exotic foodand hunt down wild animals. Animals have been used in scientific testing for centuries now.This is true not only for medicines but also for other purposes like the effects of cosmeticsand smoking tobacco. Armies also use animals to test the effectiveness of their weapons. Asfellow inhabitants of the earth, is this what they deserve? If we can do (5) such actsmercilessly, then transplanting animal organs into ourselves seems to be a lesser evil. Butthen why do evil at all?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

his

the process

it

That

such acts

Referent

(5 marks)


CONFIDENTIAL 4 ED/APR 2007/TSL011

Section II

Instructions: Below are some words with several definitions. In the blanks, write thedefinition that best fits the meaning of the word as used in the givensentences.

QUESTION 1

pitch a. to throw something in a rough or forceful wayb. talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people

to do somethingc. an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a gamed. to set something at a particular level

i) The new government has already been pitched into a crisis.

ii) The rugby tour was a disaster both on and off the pitch.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 2

gloss a. an attractive appearance that is only on the surfaceb. a way of explaining something to make it seem more attractivec. a shine on a smooth surfaced. a comment added to a piece of writing to explain a difficult word

i) You can have the photos with either a gloss or a matt finish.

ii) Beneath the gloss of success was a tragic private life.

(2 marks)



QUESTION 3

defeat a. to win against somebodyb. to stop something from being successfulc. a failure to wind. the act of winning a victory over something

i) The motion was defeated by 19 votes.

ii) The party faces defeat in the election.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 4

hand a. somebody's influence in a situationb. help in doing somethingc. close or neard. a person who does physical work in a factory or on a farm

i) Help was at hand.

ii) Several of his colleagues had a hand in his downfall.

(2 marks)



QUESTION 5

instruct a. to teach somethingb. to informc. to tell in a formal wayd. to employ somebody

i) All our staff have been instructed in sign language.

ii) The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.

(2 marks)



PART B (30 MARKS)

Section I

Instructions: Read the passage below and answer all the questions that follow.

BABIES NEED BOOKS

1 From the moment a baby first opens its eyes, it is learning. Sight, sound andsensation spark off a learning process which will determine in large measures thesort of person it will become. Language stands head and shoulders over all othertools as an instrument of learning. It is language that gives man his lead inintelligence over all other creatures. Only man can stand off and contemplate his ownsituation. No other creature can assemble a list of ideas, consider them, drawconclusions and then explain his reasoning. Man can do all this because hepossesses language. And if thought depends on language, clearly the quality of anindividual's thought will depend on the quality of that person's language-rudimentaryor sophisticated, precise or approximate, stereotyped or original.

2 Thus, long before they can speak, children are involved in a two-way process ofcommunication which is steadily building a foundation on which their later use oflanguage will be based. Constantly surrounded by language, they are unconsciouslybuilding structures in their minds into which their speech and reading will later fit-grammatical constructions, tense sequences and so on. The forms of thesestructures will depend on the amount and complexity of speech they hear. Thefortunate children are those who listen to articulate adults expressing ideas anddefending opinions. They will know, long before they can contribute themselves, thatrelationships are forged through this process of speaking and listening; that warmthand humour have a place in the process, as have all other human emotions. Sadlythere is irrefutable evidence that for millions of the world's children languageimpoverishment is an established fact by the time they start school. Tragedy hasalready entered the lives of the 5 or 6-year-olds whose early years have notadequately provided them with this tool of learning.

3 Using books is the most important means of ensuring a child's adequate languagedevelopment. None of us can endlessly initiate and maintain speech with very smallchildren; we run out of ideas, or just get plain sick of it. Their lives are limited and theexperience just is not there to provide the raw material for constant verbal interaction,without inevitable boredom on the child's part and desperation on the adult's.

4 There is nothing to compare with a book in its capacity to establish and maintain arelationship with a child. Its effects extend far beyond the covers of the actual book,and invade every aspect of life. Parents and children who share books share thesame frame of reference. Incidents in everyday life constantly remind one or theother of a situation, a character, an action, from a jointly enjoyed book, with all thegeneration of warmth and well-being that is attendant upon such sharing. All toooften, there is a breakdown of communication between parents and children when



the problems of adolescence arise. In most cases this is most acute when the give-and-take of shared opinion and ideas has not been constantly practiced throughoutchildhood. Books can play a major part in the establishment of this verbal give-and-take because they are rooted in language and because language is essential tohuman communication and communication is the life-blood of relationships.

5 It is scarcely possible to over-estimate the width and depth of the increase in a child'sgrasp of the world that comes with access to books. Young children's understandinggreatly outruns their capacity for expression as their speech strains to encompasstheir awareness, to represent reality as they see it. Shades of meaning which may bequite unavailable to the child of limited verbal experience are startlingly present in theunderstanding and increasingly in the speech of the 'well-read-to' and 'constantlytalked-to' toddler. All the wonderful modifying words- later, nearly, tomorrow, almost,wait, half, lend-begin to steer the child away from the simple extremes of 'yes' and'no' towards the adult world of compromise; from the child's black and white world tothe subtle shades and blends of the real world. The range of imaginative experienceopened up by books expands the inevitably limited horizons of children'ssurroundings and allows them to make joyful, intrigued, awe-struck acquaintancewith countless people, animals, objects and ideas in their first years of life, to theirincalculable advantage.

6 Books also help children to see things from other points of view beside their own asthey unconsciously put themselves into other people's places-'if that could happen tohim, it could happen to me.' This imaginative self-awareness brings apprehensionsand fears as well as heightened hopes and joys. But human beings have alwaysexpressed their inner feelings in drama, music and mime and through books childrencan be encouraged to externalize and communicate their most private emotions. Andstories will demonstrate too that people are not powerless - that purposeful actionleads to predictable results - that hurdles can be jumped and problems overcome.

7 Our society is increasingly dominated by visual images and crude noise. Televisionselects what we look at; advertisements are designed so that non-readers will get thepoint; sound is often loud, strident and undifferentiated. In books, children canexperience language whish is subtle, resourceful, exhilarating and harmonious;language which provides the human ear (and understanding) with a pointed andprecise pleasure, the searching illuminating impact of good and true words. All this isin danger of being lost against the blaring and glaring background of the modernchild's world.

(Adapted from Babies Need Books by Dorothy Butler)



QUESTION 1

Name two things a baby does from the day he is born to enable him to learn about the worldaround him.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 2

Give two examples of how language makes man superior to all other creatures.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 3

State three qualities of an individual's thought if he possesses language.

(3 marks)

QUESTION 4

Describe two advantages that children who gain from listening "to articulate adultsexpressing ideas and defending opinion".

(2 marks)


CONFIDENTIAL 1Q EQ/APR 2007/TSL011

QUESTION 5

Define "crude" as used in the passage.

(1 mark)

QUESTION 6

Give two reasons why initiating and maintaining one's own speech is an inadequate basis forlanguage development.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 7

The author describes how language steers a child away from his world into that of the adult.Explain the differences between these two worlds as the author sees them.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 8

In your own words, state the main idea of paragraph 7.

(1 mark)



QUESTION 9

How do books help children to create imagination and see things from other points of view?

(1 mark)

QUESTION 10

How can book reading by parents with their children establish relationships?

(2 marks)

QUESTION 11

How can children experience language in books?

(2 marks)



Section II

Instructions: Read the passage below and answer all the questions that follow.

UP AGAINST ALLERGIES

Ben is going to his classmate's sixth birthday party. He eagerly takes along a presentand an inhaler, plus loads of reminders from mum on what he can and cannot eat. Ben isjust one of the millions of kids around the world who suffer from allergies such as asthma,allergic rhinitis and eczema. Given the choice, you wouldn't want your child to be like Ben.Hence, the logical thing to do in order to halt the allergy march is to prevent food allergy ininfancy.

During the nursing period, breast milk supports the growth of friendly bacteria in thechild's intestines. Living in your child's intestines is a whole lot of friendly bacteria,particularly Bifidobacteria, which help to guard against infections and prevent allergies.Breast milk, which has a good quality protein, is low in minerals and high in lactose, andpromotes the growth of Bifidobacteria. Studies have shown that Bifidobacteria increase theproduction of the antibody IgA in the intestines. IgA acts against harmful microorganismsand other foreign substances.

Immunonutrients are nutrients that help to boost the immune system. Nucleotide isone example and breast milk is a good source of this nutrient, which helps to improveintestinal health as well as immune response. In addition to these factors that help to preventallergies, breast milk is also hypoallergenic. Babies are not allergic to breast milk.Furthermore, colostrums or the "early breast milk" contains large amounts of the antibodyIgA. With such good benefits, breast milk is definitely the best food for infants.

Several studies have shown that delayed weaning or the introduction of the solidfoods can help protect against allergies. It is recommended that solid foods be given toinfants only after six months of age and even then, to offer one food at a time so that anyallergy can be traced easily. Infants are more susceptible to food allergy because of theirimmature digestive and immune systems. Added to the fact that all foods are capable ofcausing food allergies, mothers must be careful in choosing foods for their babies. Foodswhich most frequently cause allergies in children up to a year old include eggs, cow's milk,soya, nuts, fish, and wheat.

Another effective way of curbing allergies is by giving foods that contain friendlybacteria, also known as probiotics, to your child. Probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacteriahave been successfully added to foods like milk and yoghurt. A recent study has shown thatadding DHA-rich fish oil to the diet of infants during the first year of life decreases the risk ofallergic rhinitis and asthma in childhood.

Although Ben shares his battle against asthma with an estimated 300 million peoplein the world, allergy issues still command relatively low priority. Indeed, we should all bemaking a concerted effort towards stopping the allergy march and giving our children ahappy and healthy childhood.

(Adapted from Sunday Star, August 2006)


CONFIDENTIAL 13 ED/APR2007/TSL011

Instructions: Complete the table below with information taken from the text above.

A \1) Bifidobacteria

2)

3)

Boosting the immune system

Nucleotide

4)

5)

6)

Causes of food allergy

I — • 7)

foode.g. 8)

Solutions

9)e.g.

10)

milk and yoghurt

END OF QUESTION PAPER

(10 marks)


Exam paper College Reading 1 ( TESL )

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