Evolving Sustainable Rural Wastewater Management Strategies in Punjab1
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Transcript of Evolving Sustainable Rural Wastewater Management Strategies in Punjab1
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7/25/2019 Evolving Sustainable Rural Wastewater Management Strategies in Punjab1
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EVOLVING CARBON NEUTRAL & SUSTAINABLE RURAL-SANITATION
TECHNIQUES:Hurdles, Achievement and Way Forward
Geetika Kalhaa
,MBA; IAS; President, Village i!e Im"rovement Foundation#M.. Si!"h#,B# $ech#%&ivil'; M#I#(# %Mech#', (arthi)en) (co*Friendly Systems
N.B.1,N.B.2
$. I!t%'()ti!
$.$. Ba)k"%(!'
Let us go back 5000 years to the ancient settlements of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa c.One
of the glaring and most pleasing aspects as their !on "lanning.
The quality of municipal town planning suggests knowledge of urban planning and
efficient municipal governments which placed a high priority on hygiene. The streets of
maor cities such as !oheno"daro or #arappa were laid out in a perfect grid pattern$
comparable to that of present day New %ork. The houses were protected from noise$
odors$ and thieves. &s seen in #arappa$ !oheno"daro$ this urban plan included the
world's first urban sanitation systems. (ithin the city$ individual homes or groups of
homes obtained water from wells. )rom a room that appears to have been set aside for
bathing$ waste water was directed to covered drains$ which lined the maor streets.
#ouses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes.
The ancient *ndus systems of sewage and drainage that were developed and used in cities
and settlements throughout the *ndus +mpire were far more advanced than any found in
contemporary urban sites in the !iddle +ast and even more efficient than those in most
areas of modern ,akistan and *ndia today.-d
#e are talking about the same area $"unjab%& hich is the orking area as far as this
paper is concerned.
$.*. Sit(ati! i! R(%al (!+a# t'a:
a 'mail( geetikakalha)gmail.com
b 'mail( earthi*en*)gmail.com
+M.". ,ingh is also !echnical diser to /illage Life mproement 1oundation.
+"aper presented in the !ech for ,ea 2onference& ,eptember 34-3& 3067.
c ndus /alley 2iili*ation
d !aken from(http(88ancientindiantonplanning.blogspot.in830608038mohenjadaro-
harappan-ton-planning.html
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://ancientindiantownplanning.blogspot.in/2010/02/mohenjadaro-harappan-town-planning.htmlhttp://ancientindiantownplanning.blogspot.in/2010/02/mohenjadaro-harappan-town-planning.htmlhttp://ancientindiantownplanning.blogspot.in/2010/02/mohenjadaro-harappan-town-planning.htmlmailto:[email protected]://ancientindiantownplanning.blogspot.in/2010/02/mohenjadaro-harappan-town-planning.htmlhttp://ancientindiantownplanning.blogspot.in/2010/02/mohenjadaro-harappan-town-planning.htmlmailto:[email protected] -
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!he ancient culture described aboe got annihilated& perhaps by a massie earth9uake
many centuries before the birth of 2hrist. :ebuilding as neer done in a planned
manner. ;arring a fe cities& built in recent times& all deelopment& urban& "eri-urban and
:ural has been unplanned and drien purely by greed& selfishness and ith total disregard
of enironment. haraudi& District Hoshiarpur and at
;rahmpura& District Ludhiana
t the time of interention the seage as floing in open drains. !here ere to ponds
in the illage here all this used to collect. 'en the rainater as coming in these
ponds. !he street ere unpaed and had cesspools here mos9uitoes used to breed.
#e proided the folloing(
6% House connections from indiidual houses
3% onventional /ravity 0ewerstransporting this seage
7% !hese seers finally discharged into a collection chamber
?% 1rom this chamber& the seage as pumped into a conentional to-
chamber ,eptic !ank ensuring inflo at a uniform rate ia a do*ing pump.
!his ,eptic tank had a H:! a of @3 hours& of course& in naerobic
conditions.
5% !he ater from the ,eptic tank as then pumped into a recirculating sand
filter !his as achieed ia a pre-programmed recirculation pump. !his
process is erobic
A% 1inally& the seage as discharged into a lagoon& e=posing it to the
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round the same time& !he "unjab ,tate 2ouncil for ,cience nd !echnology introduced
the ,mall ;ore ,ettled ,eerage system. n this system(
6% small settler is proided outside eery house& here solids settle.
3% Bear solid free ater is transported in small bore pipes.
7% Bear *ero slopes can be maintained as there are no solids carry.
?% #hereer needed Bolson ,iphons are proided to increase the elocity of
ater.
5% !he first demonstration of this technology as at /illage
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T%eat3e!t S/te3 A'2te' at Kha%a('i & B%ah32(%
T%eat3e!t S/te3 A'2te' # Gt0 (!+a# at Ula!a
pdf
Centrlized Septic Tank
http://www.mdws.gov.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/ddwshindi/files/pdf/casestudy_kharoudi.pdfhttp://www.mdws.gov.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/ddwshindi/files/pdf/casestudy_kharoudi.pdf -
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*.9 C!)l(/i!/ %3 the i%/t I!te%e!ti!/:
6% !he ,mall ;ore !echnology as good for sparsely populated illages& here
it is technically possible to hae settling tanks in indiidual houses. n
congested areas& the mandatory distances beteen arious utilities and
structures cannot be maintained.
2 The 0mall Bore Technology could have been workable if there was a settler
for a group of houses instead of one in every house.
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7% !he treatment associated ith the ,mall ;ore ,ystem as poer intensie.
!his is objectionable on to counts. 1irstly& in the present day conte=t it is
ery important for such interentions that the system remains 2arbon
Beutral as far as possible.
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mplified ,hallo ,eerage from eery house.#ith a settler for a group of houses. Depending upon age-old slopes
,ettled ,eerage in less gradient pipes to decentrali*ed treatment
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5. /ery lo leel of maintenance.
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& settling tank can also be incorporated into an anaerobic baffled tank as the
first section of Baffled 5eactor
# %i3a%6 Se)!'a% T%eat3e!t
Bale' Rea)t%
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A!ae%#i) =ilte%
t the end of the treatment deice a chamber can be set aside as an anaerobic
filter in order to improe further the treatment efficiency.
filter media alloing contact ith the seage stream is used& hich is ery
efficient in retaining and digesting the remaining pollutants.
!he problem of encountering clogging is minimi*ed due to the digestion and
treatment in the baffled reactor.
!he primary and secondary treatment systems are constructed belo ground
leel and are built together as a single and compact setup.
Bearly 40 G of the original pollution load is remoed at this stage.
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/etier 1loats in a "olishing "ond&
' Te%tia% T%eat3e!t : la!te' =ilte%6 C@a6 R#T%eat3e!t6Ree' Be'
T%eat3e!tHori*ontal planted grael filter acts through the combined effect of the
filter material and plants groing on the filter media.
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/etier grass gron on floating pontoons can be used successfully in aerated
polishing ponds. !his hydroponic treatment method can effectiely remoe heay
metals and reduce B I " leels. n addition& etier can be planted at the high
ater leel around the ponds to further reduce the nutrient loading& also to
stabili*e the pond banks and get rid of blue green algae. /etier planted in fie
ros in a constructed etland can reduce total Bitrogen leels by percent and
total "hosphorus leels by 45 per cent. Moreoer& this system can also be used
after any of the preious treatment stages.
D. T%ial a!' 1e3!/t%ati! the 1E@ATS S/te3 at the C-A(th%/ Re/i'e!)e
;efore suggesting the system to /illage Life mproement 1oundation& ts !echnical
disor& Mr. M.". ,ingh& installed the system in his nely built house and instead of
connecting the seage to the Municipal ,ystem dierted the e!ti%e /e
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!hese are ? chambers. !he
first acts as a settler.
#ater is made to go to the
bottom of eery chamber. nd
rise at aspeed that does not allo
it to carry solids to the ne=t
chamber.!he sludge at the
bottom gets actiated after sometime and forms a blanket.
ir pipes running
across partitions
#ater is made to go to the
bottom of eery chamber. nd
rise at aspeed that does not allo
it to carry solids to the ne=t
chamber.!he sludge at thebottom gets actiated after some
time and forms a blanket.
!hese pipes must go don to
belo the e=pected sludge
leel. Most people resist this&but it is the sludge blanket that
makes this s stem efficient.
!hese tees ensure
that the lighteight
fatty stuff remains inthe chamber and does
not trael to the ne=t
chamber
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1inal e=it from
;affled 2hamber to
the boundary all
and under it to the
lanted filter
1inal air ent
going out.
:oot *one
treatment gien
here. !his bed ill
be broadened
'ntry point of effluent.
"asses through large
stone and a ery course
ire netting and tricklesinto the bio filter bed
#hole clumps of
/etier broughtfrom the nursery
and planted in the
grael.
!reated ater re-enters the house
into an underground storage tank.
solar pump ill pump this
ater to an oer head tank for
usage in gardening and also
feeding a fountain for final
aeration and sunli ht.
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nother channel ith no slopes&
but four cells proided. #ater rises
in each cell upto about 4J and goes
to the ne=t cell
!he original channel as a
straight grael bed ith
about 3G slope& no cells
!his baffle is 4J high. #ater
rises upto here and oer flos
into a little chamber before
entering the ne=t cell
!his is the picture 3 months on. !he
original channel as also conerted into
one ith cells. !he etier is haing a
happy time.
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7. U2 /)ali!" the 1E@ATS 1e/i"! % illa"e/: Ca/e St('ie/
.$ A
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n this case& the seerage as already laid by us earlier ith a centrali*ed treatment in
mind. ;ut e altered the last leg of the seer to reduce the depth. #e also changed the
position of the ;affled reactor from near the pond to near the source of generation.
!he ater table in this illage is ery high. !here as danger of the ater in the reactor
leaking into the ground. ,o e reduced the depth of the reactor and increased the number
of chambers.
#e also proided a liner to preent any chance of seepage.
fter the baffled reactor& the ;OD reduction as 45G& hereas in our preceding rite-up
e hae claimed only @0G reduction.
!he old location of the pond as ery near the location of here the reactor is. ;ut since
e no follo a hybrid system& e transported the seerage ia lo sloped pipes as it is
settled seage carrying no solids.
!he before and after test reports of the aste ater are reproduced belo(
.$.* Be%e a!' ate% Te/t Re2%t/ A
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.$.9 ht/ Bale' Rea)t% a!' the La"!
.* Villa"e Ka!e)h, 1i/tt L('hia!a O!"i!" %+e)t
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