Evoluzione: livelli di tempo, nello spazio

Livelli di tempo, nello spazio

Evoluzione

Emanuele [email protected]

giovedì 12 maggio 2011

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

IL TEMPO

nelle scienze

e nella storia

http://www.centrofilippobuonarroti.com/


http://www.centrofilippobuonarroti.com

http://www.centrofilippobuonarroti.com

Mutation theory: Hugo de Vries February (1848-1935), Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists.

http://biozoom.blogspot.com/2011/02/mutation-theory.html Oenothera Lamarckiana

Magneto

«Science fiction teaches us that genetic mutation is the surest way to grant human beings superior abilities. What, after all, would the X-Men be without an extra genome here and there?»http://blogs.amctv.com/scifi-scanner/fact-vs-fiction/2009/04/26-week/


http://biozoom.blogspot.com/2011/02/mutation-theory.html

http://biozoom.blogspot.com/2011/02/mutation-theory.html

http://movies.amctv.com/amgmovie?amctvID=57661&pageNav=synopsis

http://movies.amctv.com/amgmovie?amctvID=57661&pageNav=synopsis

http://blogs.amctv.com/scifi-scanner/fact-vs-fiction/2009/04/26-week/

http://blogs.amctv.com/scifi-scanner/fact-vs-fiction/2009/04/26-week/

http://christinaa14.wordpress.com/2010/12/09/genetic-mutations/

Genetic mutation

Evolutionary time

Telling the Evolutionary Time: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record

Philip C. J. Donoghue and M. Paul Smith, editors. (Systematics Association Special Volumes, v. 66). 2003. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.




Mutazioni =modificazioni ereditabilidell’informazionegenetica

Genetic mutation

dnasequencingequipments.com


Germline / somaMutazioni... ma dove?August Weissmann (1834-1914)

cancer.gov

users.rcn.com


PolymorphismsMutazione ereditabile

-> polimorfismo


Population geneticsT = tempo (in generazioni)q = frequenzaN = dimensione dellapopolaziones = selezione...

Signatures of natural selection in the human genome

Michael Bamshad & Stephen P. Wooding

Nature Reviews Genetics 4, 99-111 (February 2003)

doi:10.1038/nrg999


http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n2/full/nrg999.html

http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n2/full/nrg999.html

Molecular clockOrologio molecolare:

da quanto siamo ci siamo lasciati?


Population genetics“Zooming out”allargarelo sguardo

plantbiology.siu.edu


Molecular clockOrologio molecolare: dove? -> che ritmo?

Lena Brüstle: The main focus of my research is to investigate the “rate of ticking” of molecular clocks. In particular I am interested to see whether temperature variations have an effect on the constancy of a metabolic-rate dependent molecular clock in invertebrates.

http://www.hotspots-e-atlas.eu/?page_id=24




DNA to function

«why does it take 2 weeks with a super computer to simulate 1 microsecond of protein folding?»

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvBO3TqJ6FE

http://mndoci.com/2008/04/04/animating-protein-evolution/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmMlk9312yw




http://mndoci.com/2008/04/04/animating-protein-evolution/




Woodpecker

Missletoe

Tracce di un processoHow have all those exquisite adaptations of one part of the organisation to another part, and to the conditions of life, and of one distinct organic being to another being, been perfected? (Charles Darwin, 1859)


Da Gould 2002


FossiliPunteggiatureStasiEsplosioni di diversitàDecimazioni

Gould & Eldredge 1972

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/saurischia/theropoda.html






Teoria dellaspeciazione allopatrica

o geografica

(Ernst Mayr, 1904-2005)


Senter, Phil(2007) 'A new look at the phylogeny of coelurosauria

(Dlnosauria: Theropoda)', Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5: 4,

429 — 463DOI: 10.1017/S1477201907002143

Velociraptor. Based on fossils from Mongolia and China, Late Cretaceous, 84

- 65 million years ago.http://australianmuseum.net.au/image/

Velociraptor/Last Updated: 2 September 2009


http://australianmuseum.net.au/image/Velociraptor/




Henry Gee, Tempo profondo, Einaudi.giovedì 12 maggio 2011

400-365 milioni di anni fa…

Henry Gee, Tempo profondo, Einaudi.giovedì 12 maggio 2011

Beth Shapiro, Penn State Universityhttps://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/

bshapiro/research.html

Evoluzione: livelli di tempo

Recent statistical innovations have made it possible to co-estimate molecular rates, demographic histories and phylogenetic relationships in populations that can be sampled through time. While large mammals fall into this category (when ancient samples are available) by far the riches source of these data are RNA viruses, whose fast rate of mutation makes it easy to see evolution happening over only a few years.


https://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/bshapiro/research.html




Beth Shapiro, Penn State Universityhttps://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/

bshapiro/research.html

nello spazio

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evoscales_01










Evoluzione: livelli di tempo, nello spazio

Education

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