Everything You Need to Know About SQL in 4 Hours

© 2006 Wellesley Information Services. All rights reserved.

Everything You Need to Know About SQL in Four Hours

Skip MarchesaniCustom Systems Corp

Session Sponsor

© 2006 Wellesley Information Services. All rights reserved.

Everything You Need to Know About SQL

In Four Hours Skip Marchesani

Custom Systems CorpSparta, NJ 07871

973-579-1340

[email protected]

Disclaimer:

This presentation may contain examples of code and names of companies or persons. The code is given for presentation purposes and has not been tested by IBM and/or Custom Systems Corp. Therefore IBM and/or Custom Systems Corp does not guarantee the reliability, serviceability, or function of the code and the code is provided "AS IS". IBM AND/OR CUSTOM SYSTEMS CORP EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND MERCHANTABILITY. Any names appearing in this presentation are designed to be fictitious and IBM and Custom Systems Corp makes no representations as to the accuracy of the names or data presented in accordance therewith.

Reproduction:

This presentation is the property of Skip Marchesani and Custom Systems Corporation. Permission is granted to make a limited number of copies of this material for non-commercial purposes, providing this page is included with all copies. Express written permission is required for making copies for other purposes.

iSeries, AS/400, OS/400, DB2 UDB, DB2/400 are registered trademarks of the IBM Corporation


iSeries DevCon 2006

SQL Jumpstart Everything You Need to Know About SQL In Four Hours - Part 1 Page 1-2

Copyright Custom Systems Corp 2006

General OverviewCan You Really Learn SQL in Four Hours?

No - You Can'tHowever you can learn the basicsIt is important to understand that SQL is a very powerful programming language. You need to work and play with it, to realize the power of SQL and understand what it can do for you as an application development or database manipulation tool. With a little experience, thought, and creativity you will find you can use SQL for things that at first glance you did not think possible. This presentation is based on the SQL function available in V5R4 of i5 OS.


General Overview... Overlap of Session Material

The concepts and theory presented in Everything You Need to Know About SQL in Four Hours are taught at a basic or introductory levelSome of the concepts and theory will be repeated in the following iSeries DevCon elective sessions:

Creating and Managing DB2 UDB Database Objects Using SQL Embedding SQL in a HLL (RPG) Program

Please be aware that there is this overlap of material between this Jumpstart session and the sessions listed above

iSeries DevCon 2006



General Overview... Agenda

Part 1Introduction to SQL

Part 2Interactive SQLSQL Statement ProcessoriSeries Navigator SQL Script CenterEmbedding SQL in a HLL (RPG & Cobol) ProgramDynamic SQL

Bonus Material - For Review at Your LeisureQuery ManagerPredictive Query Governor



Part 1

iSeries DevCon 2006

SQL Jumpstart Everything You Need to Know About SQL In Four Hours - Part 1 -6


Overview - Part 1What is SQLWhy Learn and Use SQLSQL Implementation in DB2 UDB - aka DB2/400Query Manager OverivewSQL TerminologySELECT StatementColumn and Scalar FunctionsSummarizing DataSubquery and Scalar SubselectDatabase ManagementRow/Record ManipulationUsing SQL on the iSeries & AS/400V5 SQL Support - The DetailFour Types of SQL StatementsInteractive SQL SummaryEmbedded SQL SummarySQL for Database ServingSummary - Part 1V5 SQL Information Sources


What is SQL?SQL - Structured Query Language

Invented by IBM in late 1960s early 1970s time frameData language for manipulation of a Relational database English keyword-oriented Excellent tool for application development and database management environment

Query Data definition Data manipulation Data control and management

Powerful language for Set-at-a-Time processing

iSeries DevCon 2006



Why SQL?Structured Query Language

IBM Standard for Relational Data Language DB2 Universal Database (aka DB2/400)

Integrated with i5, iSeries and AS/400 architecture and provided as a standard feature with i5 OS and OS/400 Available as extra cost option on all other IBM platforms Available as extra cost option on all other vendors platforms

Industry Standard Relational Database LanguageDefacto language standard used for Database Serving

ODBCJDBC DRDA Others

i5 and iSeries Servers are optimized for Database Serving using SQL and DB2 UDB


Why SQL?...Increased Productivity

Very high compliance with ANS/ISO SQL Standard Standardized, uniform database I/O

Across client and server systems Across programming languages

Leading software vendors utilize SQL for database I/O in their application packages Strategic interface for implementing new DB2 UDB function by Rochester Lab

SQL skill is transferable across platforms

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL in DB2 UDB - aka DB2/400i5, iSeries, and AS/400 Implementation

Runs on any model Integrated with architecture Provides interactive interface Can be embedded/compiled in HLL programs

RPG COBOL CJava


SQL in DB2 UDB - aka DB2/400...V5 SQL Support

1. DB2 UDB Database Manager Part of i5 OS or OS/400 (operating system)

V5 - 5722-SS1

Parser and run-time support 5722-ST1 license not required to run SQL applications

SQL APIs

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL in DB2 UDB - aka DB2/400...V5 SQL Support

2. DB2 UDB Query Manager and SQL Development Kit Licensed product 5722-ST1Query Manager Interactive SQL interface Precompilers for SQL Other additional features


Query ManagerQuery Manager: SQL Based Query

Puts the POWER of SQL into the hands of the end user WITHOUT complex programming! Easy to use tool set that exploits the power of SQL designed for end users and programmers User friendly interface to Query Management CPI Query Creation Interface Report Definition Interface

iSeries DevCon 2006



Query Manager...Query Manager: SQL Based Query

Capability to do customized, prompted queries Capability to do data manipulation Table Facility for create, display and maintain SQL table Define Query Manager Profile information Part of DB2 UDB Query Manager & SQL Development Kit


Query Manager...Query Manager Uses

With Query Manager USERS can: Create and run queries ( QMQRY object type ) Create and manage reports ( QMFORM object type ) Create, manage, and report on database files Create and manage Query Manager Profiles

With Query Manager PROGRAMMERS can: Do all of the above user functions Easily integrate queries into applications Pass parameter data into queries at RUN TIME

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Query Manager...Query Manager Uses

With Query Manager any interactive SQL statement can be executed in a CL program Note:

A Query Manager QUERY can do much more than just retrieve data from one or more files. A Query Manager QUERY can be used to execute ANY interactive SQL statement. This means a QM QUERY can be used to manage, control, and manipulate data including but not limited to the update, insertion, and deletion of records in a file assuming the user has the proper authorization thru his Query Manager profile.


SQL Terminology Table, Row, and Column

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL

20 Heikki 2 M 901 6,00010 Ed 5 M 911 7,00050 Marcela 3 F 911 7,500

40 Mike 4 M 977 6,50030 John 5 M 977 3,20060 Frank 2 M 990 6,500

Table - EMP

Column

Row

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i5 and iSeries Traditional Terminology vs SQL TerminologyDB2 UDB SQL Term i5 & iSeries

DATABASE SYSTEM NAMETABLE FILEROW RECORD

COLUMN FIELDVIEW LOGICAL FILEINDEX KEYED LOGICAL FILE

COLLECTION LIBRARYTABLESPACE Not Applicable

Industry Terms DB2 UDB TermSCHEMA COLLECTION

LOG JOURNALISOLATION LEVEL COMMITMENT CONTROL

LEVEL

SQL Terminology...


SQL Tables Used In Examples Employee Table - EMP

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL20 Heikki 2 M 901 6,00010 Ed 5 M 911 7,00050 Marcela 3 F 911 7,50040 Mike 4 M 977 6,50030 John 5 M 977 3,20060 Frank 2 M 990 6,500

DPT DNM901 Accounts977 Manufact911 Sales990 Spares

Department Table - DEP

Suggestion: As an aid in learning SQL, create these two tables on an iSeries and use Interactive SQL and its prompter, or the iSeries Navigator SQL Script Center, to run the example SQL statements provided in this handout.

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SELECT StatementSELECT STATEMENT and CLAUSES

SELECT . . . . . . (columns, *, or expressions) FROM . . . . . .(tables or views) WHERE . . . . .(row selection criteria) GROUP BY. . .(columns) HAVING. . . . . (GROUP BY selection criteria) ORDER BY. . .(columns)


SELECT Statement...SELECT STATEMENT and CLAUSES

SELECT sex, nam, cls FROM emp

SEX NAM CLSM Heikki 2M Ed 5F Marcela 3M Mike 4M John 5M Frank 2

iSeries DevCon 2006



SELECT Statement...

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL10 Ed 5 M 911 7,00020 Heikki 2 M 901 6,00030 John 5 M 977 3,20040 Mike 4 M 977 6,50050 Marcela 3 F 911 7,50060 Frank 2 M 990 6,500

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL20 Heikki 2 M 901 6,00010 Ed 5 M 911 7,00050 Marcela 3 F 911 7,50040 Mike 4 M 977 6,50030 John 5 M 977 3,20060 Frank 2 M 990 6,500

ORDER BYNBR Sequence

No ORDER BYArrival Sequence

ORDER BY Clause

SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY nbr


SELECT Statement...ORDER BY Clause

SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY nbr DESC

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL60 Frank 2 M 990 6,50050 Marcela 3 F 911 7,50040 Mike 4 M 977 6,50030 John 5 M 977 3,20020 Heikki 2 M 901 6,00010 Ed 5 M 911 7,000

iSeries DevCon 2006



SELECT Statement...WHERE Clause

SELECT nbr, nam, sex FROM emp WHERE sex = 'F'

NBR NAM SEX50 Marcela F


Creating Derived Fields with the SELECT Statement The SELECT statement can be used to create new virtual fields from the column values in a row using the following operations:

Add Subtract Multiply Divide Concatenate Substring AS

SELECT Statement...

iSeries DevCon 2006



SELECT Statement...Creating Derived Fields with the SELECT Statement

Example: SUBSTRING, AS, and derived field

SELECT nbr, SUBSTR( nam,1,3 ) AS sname, sal, ( sal * 12 ) FROM emp ORDER BY nbr

NBR SNAME SAL ( SAL * 12 )10 Ed 7,000 84,00020 Hei 6,000 72,00030 Joh 3,200 38,40040 Mik 6,500 78,00050 Mar 7,500 90,00060 Fra 6,500 78,000


SELECT Statement...Building Selection Criteria with the WHERE Clause

Row selection is done with the WHERE clause and the following logical operators or KEYWORDS can be used to construct the selection criteria

Greater than, Less than, Equal Greater than or equal, Less than or equal Not greater, Not less, Not equal AND, OR, NOT Range: inclusive constant range (BETWEEN) Values: list of constant values (IN) Wild Card: Constant pattern matching (LIKE)

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Example: IN and BETWEEN

SELECT nam, cls, dpt FROM emp WHERE dpt IN ( 911, 977 ) AND sal BETWEEN 6500 AND 7500 ORDER BY nam

NAM CLS DPTEd 5 911Marcela 3 911Mike 4 977



Example: LIKE, %, and _

SELECT nam, ( sal * 12 ) AS yearsal FROM emp WHERE nam LIKE '%ik%' ORDER BY 2

NAM YEARSALHeike 72,000Mike 78,000

iSeries DevCon 2006




Example: LIKE, %, and _

SELECT nam, ( sal * 12 ) AS yearsal FROM emp WHERE nam LIKE '_ik%' ORDER BY yearsal

NAM YEARSALMike 78,000


SQL Column and Scalar FunctionsSQL Built-In Functions (95+ for V5R1)

Built-in column functions for grouping: AVG (numeric columns) SUM (numeric columns) MAX (num or char columns) MIN (num or char columns) COUNT (count selected rows)

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Column and Scalar Functions...SQL Built-In Functions (140+ for V5R4)

Plus all the same built-in scalar functions in OPNQRYF Trigonometric functions ( SIN, ASIN, SINH ) Day, Date, Time operations, durations, calculations Character operators ( LEN, STRIP, RANGE ) String operators ( SUBSTRING, XLATE, XOR ) Upper case operators ( UPPER, UCASE )

NOTE: Mixed upper and lowercase in character fields can be forced to upper case only for selection or comparison purposes by using the UPPER or UCASE scalar functions, or by specifying SRTSEQ(*LANGIDSHR) and LANGID(ENU) on the CHGJOB or STRSQL commands - watch out for performance


SQL Column and Scalar Functions...Built-In Functions for Grouping:

Example: COUNT

SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM emp

COUNT(*) 6

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Column and Scalar Functions...Built-In Functions for Grouping:

Example: MAX and MIN

SELECT MAX ( sal ), MIN ( sal ) FROM emp

MAX(SAL) MIN(SAL) 7,500 3,200


Summarizing Data with SQLGROUP BY and HAVING Clause

SELECT dpt, SUM ( sal ), COUNT ( * ) FROM emp GROUP BY dpt ORDER BY dpt

DPT SUM(SAL) COUNT(*)901 6,000 1911 14,500 2977 9700 2990 6500 1

iSeries DevCon 2006



Summarizing Data with SQL...GROUP BY and HAVING Clause

SELECT dpt, SUM ( sal ), COUNT ( * ) FROM emp GROUP BY dpt HAVING COUNT ( * ) > 1 ORDER BY dpt

DPT SUM(SAL) COUNT(*)911 14,500 2977 9700 2


SubquerySubquery: Query within a Query

PROBLEM: List the employees from departments where the department name starts with 'S'

SELECT nam, dpt FROM emp WHERE dpt IN ( SELECT dpt FROM dep WHERE dnm LIKE 'S%' ) ORDER BY nam

NAM DPTEd 911Frank 990Marcela 911

iSeries DevCon 2006



Subquery...Scalar Subselect - Update ALL Rows

PROBLEM: Change each employee's current salary to the amount listed in the new salary file

All rows in EMP will be updated

UPDATE emp aa SET sal = (SELECT sal FROM newsal bb WHERE aa.nbr = bb.nbr)


Subquery...Scalar Subselect - Update ALL Rows


UPDATE emp aa SET sal = (SELECT sal FROM newsal bb WHERE aa.nbr = bb.nbr)

If no match found in NEWSAL error message issued

Null values are not allowed...

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Subquery...Scalar Subselect - Every Row NOT updated


Only rows identified by subselect in outer WHERE clause are updated in EMP

UPDATE emp aa SET sal = (SELECT sal FROM newsal bb WHERE aa.nbr = bb.nbr) WHERE aa.nbr IN (SELECT nbr FROM newsal bb)


Subquery...Scalar Subselect Enhancements for V5

V5R1Limited support for Scalar Subselect in SELECT statement

Only simple SELECT statement supported

V5R2Full support for Scalar Subselect in SELECT statementSubselect can now be part of an expression and be included anywhere an expression is allowed

SELECTUPDATEDELETEINSERT INTOCREATE TABLE

Complex SELECT statement supported

iSeries DevCon 2006



Subquery...Full support for Scalar Subselect in SELECT statement

Problem: What is the max salary for each department?

SELECT a.dpt, (SELECT MAX(sal) FROM emp b WHERE b.dpt = a.dpt) AS Max_Sal FROM dep a ORDER BY dpt

DPT MAX_SAL901 6000911 7500977 6500990 6500


Database ManagementA Database can be Created and Managed with SQL

SQL database objects: COLLECTION (native Library plus additional objects) TABLE (native Physical File) VIEW (native Logical File - unkeyed) INDEX (native Logical File - keyed)

To create SQL database objects CREATE objtype objname CREATE TABLE emp

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Database Management...A Database can be Created and Managed with SQL

To delete SQL data base objects DROP objtype objname DROP VIEW empnbr

Can Join tables/physical files using the FROM clause on the SELECT statement CATALOG contains database definitions/attributes SQL Authorization maps to native Security


Database Management...How to Find System Catalog Files

SQL Licensed product installed? WRKOBJPDM QSYS2 SYS* SYSCOLUMNS

SQL NOT installedWRKOBJPDM QSYS QADB*QADBIFLD

Detailed information about the system catalog and its associated tables and views can be found in Appendix G of:

DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL Reference

iSeries DevCon 2006



Database Management...Field names to query: SQL, Query Mgr, Query/400, ...

SYSCOLUMNS (fields at the end of record format)iSeries & AS/400 Native Names

Library - SYS_DNAMEFile - SYS_TNAMEField - SYS_CNAME

SQL NamesLibrary - SYSTEM_TABLE_SCHEMAFile - SYSTEM_TABLE_NAMEField - SYSTEM_COLUMN_NAME


Database Management...Field names to query: SQL, Query Mgr, Query/400, ...

QADBIFLD (fields at the beginning of record format)iSeries & AS/400 Naming

Library - DBILIBFile - DBIFILField - DBIFLD

iSeries DevCon 2006



Row/Record ManipulationSQL can be Used to Manipulate Single or Multiple Rows in a Table or View

SQL Statements UPDATE INSERT INTO (add a record) DELETE

Handles single or multiple records SQL is a SET-AT-A-TIME language Excellent for processing multiple records that match a specific selection criterion


Row/Record Manipulation...Updating Records with SQL

Example: Single Record Update

UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 1000 WHERE nbr = 30

NBR NAM CLS SEX DPT SAL30 John 5 M 977 4,200

iSeries DevCon 2006



Row/Record Manipulation...Updating Records with SQL

Example: Multiple Record Update

UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 1500

SQL is a SET-AT-A-TIME language


Row/Record Manipulation...Inserting/Adding Records with SQL

INSERT Statement

INSERT INTO emp ( nam, nbr, sex, cls ) VALUES ( 'amy', 15, 'F', 2 )

Columns and values one for one correspondence

All columns not required

Specify column names in any order

iSeries DevCon 2006



Row/Record Manipulation...An example of the POWER of SQL: Multiple record insert

CREATE TABLE workfile ( dpt DEC ( 3 ), totsal DEC ( 6 ), dnm CHAR ( 10 ) )

INSERT INTO workfile (dpt, totsal, dnm) SELECT a.dpt, sum(sal), dnm FROM emp a, dep b WHERE a.dpt = b.dpt GROUP BY a.dpt, dnm

Dept Total Salary

Dept Name

901 6,000 Accounts911 14,500 Sales977 9,700 Manufact990 6,500 Spares


An example of the POWER of SQL: Multiple record insert Compare the work effort for these two SQL statements to the work effort required to do the same with DDS and CL commands, or other interfaces

Which is easier/faster ?? By how much ??

Row/Record Manipulation...

iSeries DevCon 2006



Row/Record Manipulation...Previous Example Using V5R2 Scalar Subselect

CREATE TABLE workfile AS (SELECT a.dpt, SUM(sal) AS totsal, (SELECT dnm FROM dep b WHERE a.dpt = b.dpt) AS dnm FROM emp a GROUP BY a.dpt, 3) WITH DATA

Dept Total Salary

Dept Name

901 6,000 Accounts911 14,500 Sales977 9,700 Manufact990 6,500 Spares


Row/Record Manipulation...CREATE TABLE Syntax Using V5R2 Scalar Subselect

Each derived column defined in the scalar subselect within the CREATE TABLE statement must be given a name using the AS operatorCREATE TABLE statement must be ended with one of the following two clauses

WITH DATA Table is populated with rows and columns that match table definition and selection criterion

WITH NO DATA Table is created as empty table with no rows

iSeries DevCon 2006



Row/Record Manipulation...Deleting Records with SQL

Example: Single record delete DELETE FROM emp WHERE nbr = 60

Example: Multiple record delete DELETE FROM emp WHERE dpt = 977

Example: ALL record delete DELETE FROM emp

AKA as the oops or gonzo delete!


Using SQL on the iSeries & AS/400Different Ways to Execute SQL Statements

Interactive SQL Embedded or compiled in application programs Query Manager SQL Statement Processor Operations NavigatorDynamic SQL SQL Procedure LanguageExtended Dynamic SQL ODBC, JDBCJSQL or SQLJX/Open SQL Call Level Interface Query Management (different from Query Manager)

iSeries DevCon 2006



V5 SQL Support - The Detail Part 1: DB2 UDB Database Manager

Included with OS/400 (operating system) V5: 5722-SS1

SQL parser and run time support SQL license (5722-ST1) not required to run SQL applications

SQL APIs QSQPRCED - Provides extended dynamic SQL capability QSQCHKS - Provides syntax checking for SQL statements

X/Open SQL Call Level Interface V5R1 - SQL Statement Processor

RUNSQLSTM Command


V5 SQL Support - The DetailPart 2: DB2 UDB Query Manager & SQL Development Kit

Program number 5722-ST1Query Manager Interactive SQL SQL precompilers V4 - SQL Statement Processor

Packaged with OS/400 and Database Manager in V5R1

SQL REXX interface

iSeries DevCon 2006



Four Types of SQL StatementsData definitionData manipulationDynamicMiscellaneous


Data Definition StatementsALTER TABLECOMMENT ONCREATE ALIASCREATE COLLECTIONCREATE DISTINCT TYPECREATE FUNCTIONCREATE INDEXCREATE PROCEDURECREATE SCHEMACREATE TABLECREATE VIEWDROP ALIASDROP COLLECTIONDROP DISTINCT TYPEDROP FUNCTIONDROP INDEXDROP PACKAGEDROP PROCEDUREDROP SCHEMADROP TABLEDROP VIEW

GRANT DISTINCT TYPEGRANT FUNCTIONGRANT PACKAGEGRANT PROCEDUREGRANT TABLELABEL ONRENAMEREVOKE DISTINCT TYPEREVOKE FUNCTIONREVOKE PACKAGEREVOKE PROCEDUREREVOKE TABLE

CRTSQLPKG is the native command used to create an SQL package. There is no equivalent SQL statement that provides the same function.

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CLOSECOMMITDECLARE CURSORDELETEFETCHINSERTLOCK TABLEOPENROLLBACKSELECTSELECT INTOSET variableUPDATEVALUES INTO

Data Manipulation Statements


Miscellaneous and Dynamic SQL StatementsMiscellaneous Statements BEGIN DECLARE SECTIONCALLCONNECTDECLARE PROCEDUREDECLARE STATEMENTDECLARE VARIABLEDESCRIBE TABLEDISCONNECTEND DECLARE SECTIONFREE LOCATORINCLUDERELEASESET CONNECTIONSET OPTIONSET PATHSET RESULT SETSSET TRANSACTIONWHENEVER

Dynamic SQL Statements DESCRIBE EXECUTE EXECUTE IMMEDIATE PREPARE

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQLExcellent Tool for Application Development Environment

Designed as a tool for: Programmers Data Base Administrators

Interactive functions Quickly maintain data base Test SQL code Perform SQL requests Store SQL statements for future use

Can be used to prototype database design


Interactive SQL...Excellent Tool for Application Development Environment

Modeled after Command Entry Display Multi-level SQL statement prompter

STRSQL command to initiate Recovers after abnormal termination Main components

Statement entry List support Session services Help

NOT Intended as an End User Query Tool!! No report formatting No end user resource controls/throttles

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL in Application ProgramsLanguages Supported

RPG COBOL C JavaAS/400 PL/I FORTRAN/400


SQL in Application Programs...

UserSource

File

ModifiedSource

File

ProcessedSQL

Statements

Program

Access Plan

SQLPrecompiler

LanguageCompiler

Syntax checkX-ref host variablesSQL statements to callsComment SQL statements

SQL uses a Precompiler

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Selecting a Single Row

I DS I 1 50EMPNBR I 6 30 NAM I 31 32 DEPT C* C/EXEC SQL C+ SELECT nbr, nam, dpt C+ INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE nbr = :empnbr C/END-EXEC

RPG and other HLLs more efficient for doing single record random retrievals SQL more efficient for multiple record sets or groups

SELECT A Single Row From A Table - RPG/400


Selecting a Single Row...SELECT A Single Row From A Table - Cobol

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 77 EMPNBR PIC S9(5) COMP-3. 77 DEPT PIC S9(3) COMP-3. 77 NAM PIC X(25). . . PROCEDURE DIVISION. EXEC SQL SELECT nbr, nam, dpt INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept FROM emp WHERE nbr = :empnbr END-EXEC.

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Select Multiple RowsSELECT & Process Multiple Rows/Records from a Table

1. Declare SQL cursor 2. Open cursor 3. Fetch next record 4. Process record (UPDATE/INSERT/etc) 5. If last record: go to Step 6,

else: go to Step 3

6. Close cursor


Select Multiple Rows...Defining and Using an SQL Cursor

PROBLEM:

Update SALARY for all records in a specified department

C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE dpt = :dept C+ FOR UPDATE OF sal C+ C/END-EXEC C* C EXFMT PROMPT C* Example continued on next page

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Select Multiple Rows...SQL Cursor Example - Continued C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ OPEN empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC C* C SQLCOD DOUNE 0 C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C+ C/END-EXEC C*

Example continued on next page


Select Multiple Rows...SQL Cursor Example - Continued

C* C SQLCOD IFEQ 0 C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ UPDATE emp C+ SET sal = sal + :raise C+ WHERE CURRENT OF empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC C* C EXCEPT C END C END C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ CLOSE empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC

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SQL for Database Servingi5/iSeries is the Premier Database Server

Web based computingNetwork centric computingClient server computingAny environment where two or more computers are connected to a network structure and one or more of these computers requests information or data from a primary or host computer on the same network structure


SQL for Database Serving...SQL is the Defacto Standard for Database Serving

Tools generate industry standard SQLApplication developmentEnd user

SQL hidden from developer and/or end user Need to understand SQL to

Debug Optimize Tune

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i5 & iSeries SQL Implementation SQL Uses Native Facilities

Data base management Data base query Journal management Commitment control Security

SQL can access natively created, externally described files AND

HLL I/O operands can access SQL created tables

THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS!


SQL vs High Level LanguagesSQL's Strength is Set-At-A-Time Processing SQL very well suited for:

Set-at-a-time or multiple record processing Database serving with complex record selection criteria Report programs with user selection Subfile programs with complex record selection

Application design considerations

iSeries DevCon 2006



Why SQL?Benefits of Using SQL

Practical, effective solution for applications using complex data selection criteria Very flexible, functional tool for application development

Two interactive interfaces Interactive SQL - 5250 green screen basediSeries Navigator SQL Script Center - PC Windows based

Imbedded in a HLL programSeveral other i5, iSeries, and AS/400 interfaces available

Includes Data Manipulation Portability to other architectures Data retrieval language for database serving Key to sharing data between mixed vendor platforms


Summary - Part 1What is SQLWhy Learn and Use SQLSQL Implementation in DB2 UDB - aka DB2/400Query Manager OverivewSQL TerminologySELECT StatementColumn and Scalar FunctionsSummarizing DataSubquery and Scalar SubselectDatabase ManagementRow/Record ManipulationUsing SQL on the i5, iSeries, & AS/400V5 SQL Support - The DetailFour Types of SQL StatementsInteractive SQL SummaryEmbedded SQL SummarySQL for Database Serving

iSeries DevCon 2006




Part 2


Overview - Part 2Executing SQL on the i5, iSeries & AS/400V5 SQL Support - The DetailInteractive SQL SQL Statement Processor iSeries Navigator SQL Script CenterEmbedding SQL in a HLL ProgramBasic SQL StatementsSQL PrecompilerRPG and Cobol InterfaceCursor OperationsError Detection and HandlingDynamic SQLEditing and Compiling Embedded SQLPerformance TipsSummary - Part 2V5 SQL Information Sources

iSeries DevCon 2006



Executing SQL on the i5, iSeries, & AS/400Different Ways to Execute SQL Statements

Interactive SQL Embedded or compiled in application programs Query Manager SQL Statement Processor Operations NavigatorDynamic SQL SQL Procedure LanguageExtended Dynamic SQL ODBC, JDBCJSQL or SQLJX/Open SQL Call Level Interface Query Management (different from Query Manager)


V5 SQL Support - The Detail Part 1: DB2 UDB Database Manager

Included with i5 OS or OS/400 (operating system) V5: 5722-SS1

SQL parser and run time support SQL license (5722-ST1) not required to run SQL applications



RUNSQLSTM Command

iSeries DevCon 2006



V5 SQL Support - The DetailPart 2: DB2 UDB Query Manager & SQL Development Kit

Program number 5722-ST1Query Manager Interactive SQL SQL precompilers V4 - SQL Statement Processor

Packaged with OS/400 and Database Manager in V5R1

SQL REXX interface


Interactive SQLExcellent Application Development Tool!

Designed as a tool for: Programmers Data Base Administrators

Interactive functions Quickly create test dataTest SQL code Perform SQL requests Store SQL statements for future use Quickly maintain data base

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQL...Excellent Application Development Tool!

Can be used to quickly prototype applications STRSQL command to initiate NOT Intended as an End User Query Tool!!

No report formatting No end user resource controls/throttles


Interactive SQL...STRSQL Command Parameters Start SQL Interactive Session (STRSQL) Type choices, press Enter. Commitment control . . . . . *NONE *NONE, *CHG, *CS, *ALL Naming convention . . . . . *SYS *SYS, *SQL Statement processing . . . . *RUN *RUN, *VLD, *SYN Library option . . . . . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *USRLIBL... List type . . . . . . . . . *ALL *ALL, *SQL Data refresh . . . . . . . . *ALWAYS *ALWAYS, *FORWARD Allow copy data . . . . . . *YES *YES, *OPTIMIZE, *NO Date format . . . . . . . . *JOB *JOB, *USA, *ISO, *EUR... Date separator character . . *JOB *JOB, /, ., ,, -, ' '... Time format . . . . . . . . *HMS *HMS, *USA, *ISO, *EUR... Time separator character . . *JOB *JOB, :, ., ,, ' ',*BLANK Decimal point . . . . . . . *SYSVAL *SYSVAL, *PERIOD, *COMMA Sort sequence . . . . . . . *JOB Name, *HEX, *JOB... Library . . . . . . . . . _______ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Language identifier . . . . *JOB *JOB, *JOBRUN... Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use dsply F24=More keys

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQL...SQL Statement Entry Function

Enter SQL Statements Type SQL statement, press Enter. Current connection is to relational database SPL335. ===> __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F6=Insert line F9=Retrieve F10=Copy line F12=Cancel F13=Services F24=More keys (C) COPYRIGHT IBM CORP. 1982, 1994.


Interactive SQL...Function Keys for Interactive SQL

F4 Prompt F6 Insert

Inserts a blank line after line where the cursor is located.

F9 Retrieve Retrieves a complete, previously typed SQL statement, and places it on the line with the arrow. You identify the statement you want moved by placing the cursor on any part of the statement. If the cursor is not on any part of a statement, but within the statement entry field, the last statement run is retrieved.

F10 Copy line Copies all of the line the cursor is on to a new line immediately below the line being copied.

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Function Keys for Interactive SQL F12 Cancel

Displays the Exit Interactive SQL display.

F13 Services Displays the Interactive SQL Session Services menu.

F14 Delete line Deletes the entire line where the cursor is located.

F15 Split line Causes everything to the right of the cursor (including the character where the cursor is located) to be left-justified on a new line immediately below the line where the cursor is located.

Interactive SQL...


Interactive SQL...Function Keys for Interactive SQL

F16 Collections/Libraries Displays a list of available collections or libraries, or lets you change the name.

F17 Tables/Files Displays a list of available tables (physical files) and views (logical files), based on previously selected collections (libraries).

F18 Columns/Fields Displays a list of available columns (fields), based on previously selected tables and views (files).

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQL...F4 Prompt - Prompting SQL statements from a blank line Select SQL Statement Select one of the following: 1. ALTER TABLE 15. DROP TABLE 2. CALL 16. DROP VIEW 3. COMMENT ON 17. GRANT PACKAGE 4. COMMIT 18. GRANT TABLE 5. CONNECT 19. INSERT 6. CREATE COLLECTION 20. LABEL ON 7. CREATE INDEX 21. LOCK TABLE 8. CREATE TABLE 22. RELEASE 9. CREATE VIEW 23. REVOKE PACKAGE 10. DELETE 24. REVOKE TABLE 11. DISCONNECT 25. ROLLBACK 12. DROP COLLECTION ====>> 26. SELECT 13. DROP INDEX 27. SET CONNECTION 14. DROP PACKAGE 28. SET TRANSACTION 29. UPDATE Selection _26 <<==== F3=Exit F12=Cancel


F4 Prompt - Prompting a partial SQL Statement

Enter SQL Statements Type SQL statement, press Enter. Current connection is to relational database SPL335. ===> SELECT____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F6=Insert line F9=Retrieve F10=Copy line F12=Cancel F13=Services F24=More keys (C) COPYRIGHT IBM CORP. 1982, 1994.

Interactive SQL...

iSeries DevCon 2006



Prompting for SQL SELECT statement Specify SELECT Statement Type information for SELECT statement. Press F4 for a list. FROM files . . . . . . . __________________________________ SELECT fields . . . . . __________________________________ WHERE conditions . . . . __________________________________ GROUP BY fields . . . . __________________________________ HAVING conditions . . . __________________________________ ORDER BY fields . . . . __________________________________ FOR UPDATE OF fields . . __________________________________ Bottom Type choices, press Enter. Number of records to optimize . . . . . . __________ DISTINCT records in result file . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No FOR FETCH ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No UNION with another SELECT . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F6=Insert line F9=Subquery F10=Copy F12=Cancel F14=Delete F15=Split line F24=More keys

Interactive SQL...


Interactive SQL...F13 Services Option 1 - Change Session Attributes

Direct SQL output to a display Change Session Attributes Type choices, press Enter. Statement processing . . *RUN *RUN, *VLD, *SYN SELECT output . . . . . 1 1=Display, 2=Printer 3=File Commitment control . . . *NONE *NONE, *CHG, *CS, *ALL Date format . . . . . . *MDY *JOB, *USA, *ISO, .... *MDY, *DMY, *YMD, .... Date separator . . . . . '/' *JOB, '/', '.', ',', .. ' ', *BLANK Time format . . . . . . *HMS *HMS, *USA, *ISO *EUR, *JIS Time separator . . . . . ':' *JOB, ':', '.', ',' ' ', *BLANK Data refresh . . . . . . *ALWAYS *ALWAYS, *FORWARD More... F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQL...F13 Services Option 1 - Change Session Attributes

Direct SQL output to a Display - continued Change Session Attributes Type choices, press Enter. Allow copy data . . . . *YES *YES, *OPTIMIZE, *NO Naming convention . . . *SYS *SYS, *SQL List of libraries . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *USRLIBL *ALLUSR, *ALL, *CURLIB List type . . . . . . . *ALL *ALL, *SQL Decimal point . . . . . *PERIOD *SYSVAL, *PERIOD, .... Sort sequence . . . . . *HEX Name, *JOB, *JOBRUN *LANGIDUNQ, *LANGIDSHR *HEX Language identifier . . ENU Name, *JOB, *JOBRUN F4 for Prompt Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel


F13 Services Option 1 - Change Session Attributes

Direct SQL output to a File Change Session Attribute Type choices, press Enter. Statement processing . . *RUN *RUN, *VLD, *SYN SELECT output . . . . . 3 1=Display, 2=Printer 3=File Output file: File . . . . . . . . . SQLDATA Name Library . . . . . . SKIP Name Member . . . . . . . . *FILE Name, *FILE, *FIRST Option . . . . . . . . 1 1=Create file 2=Replace file 3=Create member 4=Replace member 5=Add to member Authority . . . . . . *LIBCRTAUT *LIBCRTAUT, *CHANGE, *EXCLUDE, *USE authorization list Text . . . . . . . . . __________________________________ More... F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel

Interactive SQL...

iSeries DevCon 2006



Interactive SQL...F13 Services: Option 4 - Save Session in a Source File

Change Source File Type choices, press Enter. File . . . . . . QSQLSRC Name Library . . . SKIP Name Member . . . . . *FILE Name, *FILE, *FIRST Option . . . . . 1 1=Create new file 2=Replace file 3=Create new member 4=Replace member 5=Add to member For a new file: Authority . . *LIBCRTAUT *LIBCRTAUT, *CHANGE, *ALL *EXCLUDE, *USE authorization list name Text . . . . . __________________________________________ F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel


SQL Statement ProcessorSQL Statement Processor - RUNSQLSTM Command

Allows SQL statements, stored as an SQL script in a member in a source file, to be executed from that source member

Same statements can be run repeatedly Statements can be dynamically changed and run No compilation of SQL source required

Used to simplify the setup of an SQL database environment

Part of OS/400 (Database Manager) in V5R1

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Statement Processor...SQL Statement Processor - RUNSQLSTM Command...

Easy way to do file maintenance on groups of related records

Insert/Add Update Delete

Output listing and resulting messages for the SQL statements executed sent to a print file QSYSPRT is default


SQL Statement Processor...RUNSQLSTM Command Parameters

Run SQL Statements (RUNSQLSTM) Type choices, press Enter. Source file . . . . . . . . > QSQLSRC Name Library . . . . . . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Source member . . . . . . > CUSTMSTR Name Commitment control . . . . . *NONE *NONE, *CHG, *CS, *ALL Naming . . . . . . . . . . . *SYS *SYS, *SQL

More... F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use dsply F24=More keys

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Statement Processor...RUNSQLSTM Command Parameters...

Additional Parameters Severity level . . . . . . . 10 0-40 Date format . . . . . . . . *JOB *JOB, *USA, *ISO, *EUR... Date separator character . . *JOB *JOB, /, ., ,, -, ' '... Time format . . . . . . . . *HMS *HMS, *USA, *ISO, *EUR... Time separator character . . *JOB *JOB, :, ., ,, ' ',*BLANK IBM SQL Flagging . . . . . . *NOFLAG *NOFLAG, *FLAG ANS flagging . . . . . . . . *NONE *NONE, *ANS Decimal point . . . . . . . *SYSVAL *SYSVAL, *PERIOD, *COMMA Sort sequence . . . . . . . *JOB Name, *HEX, *JOB... Library . . . . . . . . . _______ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Language id . . . . . . . . *JOB *JOB, *JOBRUN... Print file . . . . . . . . . QSYSPRT Name Library . . . . . . . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use dsply F24=More keys


SQL Statement Processor...Frequently Used SQL Statements that are Allowed to be Used with RUNSQLSTM Data Definition Statements Data Manipulation Statements ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ALTER TABLE COMMIT COMMENT ON DELETE CREATE ALIAS INSERT CREATE COLLECTION LOCK TABLE CREATE INDEX ROLLBACK CREATE PROCEDURE UPDATE CREATE SCHEMA CREATE TABLE CREATE VIEW DROP COLLECTION DROP INDEX Miscellaneous Statements DROP PACKAGE ---------------------------- DROP SCHEMA CALL DROP TABLE SET TRANSACTION DROP VIEW GRANT PACKAGE GRANT PROCEDURE GRANT TABLE LABEL ON RENAME NOTE: SELECT statement NOT allowed REVOKE PACKAGE REVOKE PROCEDURE REVOKE TABLE

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Statement Processor...SQL Statements in the source file

Only SQL statements & comments allowed in the SQL script that is stored in the source file SQL statements

No EXEC SQL or END-EXEC required Must end with a semicolon ( ; )

Comments Must begin with a double hyphen ( -- ) Limited to a single line


SQL Script FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+... 6 ...+... 7 *************** Beginning of data ************************************0001.00 -- 0002.00 -- Create CUSMST file, change SQL name to CUSTOMER_MASTER, 0003.00 -- change system name to CUSTMSTR, add file level text, 0004.00 -- add column headings for each field, add field level 0005.00 -- text for each field, and create keyed logical 0006.00 -- file called CSTNAMES over CUSTMSTR, create uniquely keyed 0007.00 -- logical called CUSTTYPE over CUSTMSTR. 0008.00 -- 0009.00 -- 0010.00 -- Step 1: Create CUSMST Table 0011.00 -- 0012.00 CREATE TABLE CUSMST(CUSTOMER_NUMBER FOR COLUMN CUSNBR DEC 0013.00 ( 5, 0) NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT CONSTRAINT NBR_CUSTOMER CHECK 0014.00 (CUSTOMER_NUMBER BETWEEN 10001 AND 89999 ), CNAME CHAR ( 30) NOT 0015.00 NULL WITH DEFAULT, CUSTOMER_TYPE FOR COLUMN CTYPE CHAR ( 1) NOT 0016.00 NULL WITH DEFAULT CONSTRAINT TYPE_CUSTOMER CHECK (CTYPE IN ('R', 0017.00 'S', 'W', ' ') ), YEAR_TO_DATE_SALES FOR COLUMN YTDSLS DEC ( 9, 2) 0018.00 NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT, LAST_ACTIVITY_DATE FOR COLUMN LADATE DATE 0019.00 NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT, CONSTRAINT CUST_NBR_PRIKEY PRIMARY KEY (CUSNBR));0020.00 -- 0021.00 -- 0022.00 -- Step 2: Change SQL Name for CUSMST Table to CUSTOMER_MASTER 0023.00 -- 0024.00 RENAME TABLE CUSMST TO CUSTOMER_MASTER; 0025.00 -- 0026.00 -- Step 3: Change System name for CUSTOMER_MASTER Table to CUSTMSTR0027.00 -- 0028.00 RENAME TABLE CUSTOMER_MASTER TO SYSTEM NAME CUSTMSTR; 0029.00 -- 0030.00 -- Step 4: Add File Level text to CUSTMSTR using LABEL ON statement0031.00 -- 0032.00 LABEL ON TABLE CUSTMSTR IS 'SQL Customer Master File for SQL test';

SQL Statement Processor...

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Script... FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+... 6 ...+... 7 *************** Beginning of data ************************************0033.00 -- 0034.00 -- Step 5: Add column headings to CUSTMSTR using the LABEL ON 0035.00 -- statement 0036.00 -- 0037.00 LABEL ON COLUMN CUSTMSTR (CUSTOMER_NUMBER IS 0038.00 'Customer Number', CNAME IS 'Customer Name', 0039.00 CUSTOMER_TYPE IS 'Cust Type', YEAR_TO_DATE_SALES IS 0040.00 'YTD Sales', LAST_ACTIVITY_DATE IS 'Last Activity'); 0041.00 -- 0042.00 -- Step 6: Add column text to CUSTMSTR using the LABEL ON statement 0043.00 -- 0044.00 LABEL ON COLUMN CUSTMSTR (CUSTOMER_NUMBER TEXT IS 0045.00 'Customer Number', CNAME TEXT IS 'Customer Name', CUSTOMER_TYPE 0046.00 TEXT IS 'Customer Type', YEAR_TO_DATE_SALES TEXT IS 'YTD Sales', 0047.00 LAST_ACTIVITY_DATE TEXT IS 'Last Activity Date'); 0048.00 -- 0049.00 -- Step 7: Create a keyed logical file called CSTNAMES 0050.00 -- over CUSTMSTR with CNAME as the key using the 0051.00 -- CREATE INDEX statement 0052.00 --0053.00 CREATE INDEX CSTNAMES ON CUSTMSTR (CNAME); 0054.00 -- 0055.00 -- Step 8: Create a uniquely keyed logical file called CUSTTYPE 0056.00 -- over CUSTMSTR with key FIELDS CTYPE, CUSNBR using the 0057.00 -- CREATE INDEX statement 0058.00 -- 0059.00 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CUSTTYPE ON CUSTMSTR (CTYPE, CUSNBR); 0060.00 -- 0061.00 -- End of SQL Statements 0062.00 --



Executing the SQL Script

RUNSQLSTM SRCFILE(QSQLSRC) SRCMBR(CUSTMSTR)

COMMIT(*NONE)


iSeries DevCon 2006



iSeries Navigator SQL Script Center

Database - Run SQL Scripts


iSeries Navigator SQL Script Center...

SQL Script Center

iSeries DevCon 2006



iSeries Navigator SQL Script Center...

SQL Script Center - Create CUSTMSTR Script


Operations Navigator

Database - Run SQL Scripts

iSeries DevCon 2006



Operations Navigator...

Run SQL Scripts - Requires Client Access Express


Operations Navigator...

Run SQL Scripts - Requires Client Access Express

iSeries DevCon 2006



Embedding SQL In a HLL Program High Level Languages Supported

RPG COBOL C JavaAS/400 PL/I FORTRAN/400


V5 SQL SupportPart 2: DB2 UDB Query Manager & SQL Development Kit

Program number 5722-ST1Query Manager Interactive SQL SQL precompilers

Required for embedding SQL in HLL programsMore later

SQL REXX interface

iSeries DevCon 2006



V5 SQL Support... Part 1: DB2 UDB Database Manager

Included with OS/400 (operating system) V5: 5722-SS1

SQL parser and run time support SQL license (5722-ST1) not required to run SQL applications Support for compiled programs using embedded SQL



RUNSQLSTM Command


Basic SQL StatementsData Manipulation statements (DML)

SELECT - retrieves data; one row or multipleUPDATE - updates one row or multipleDELETE - deletes one row or multipleINSERT - adds one row or multiple

Data Definition statements (DDL)CREATE and DROP

Collection (library)Table (physical file)View (logical file)Index (logical file)

Embedding SQL In a HLL Program...

iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Statements for Program ControlProvides Functions for Complex Processing

DECLARE CURSOR - builds temp result tableOPEN and CLOSE - open/close result tableFETCH - row retrievalCOMMIT and ROLLBACK - journaling functionsGRANT and REVOKE - security functions



Why embed SQL in programs?Perform dynamic selection functions

ala OPNQRYF, except more flexible

Perform set-at-a-time functions under program controlEven to replace HLL I/O operations

e.g., READ, WRITE, UPDATE, CHAIN

What can be embedded?Basic SQL DDL and DML statements

e.g., SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, CREATE TABLE, etc.

Program control statementse.g., DECLARE CURSOR, OPEN, CLOSE, FETCH, COMMIT, ROLLBACK


iSeries DevCon 2006



SQL Precompiler

UserSource

File

ModifiedSource

File

ProcessedSQL

Statements

Program

Access Plan

SQLPrecompiler

LanguageCompiler

Syntax checkX-ref host variablesSQL statements to callsComment SQL statements

HLLs with Embedded SQL Use a Precompiler


RPG Interface - SourceSELECT A Single Row From A Table - RPG

I DS I 1 50 EMPNBR I 6 30 NAM I 31 32 DEPT C* C/EXEC SQL C+ SELECT nbr, nam, dpt C+ INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE nbr = :empnbr C/END-EXEC

V5R4 supports Embedded SQL in Free Form RPG

iSeries DevCon 2006



Rules for Embedding SQL in RPGAll SQL statements must be coded on a C spec SQL statements begin with /EXEC SQL in positions 7-15

with the slash in position 7and end with /END-EXEC in positions 7-15You can enter SQL statements on same line as /EXEC SQL

However, /END-EXEC must be on a separate line Between beginning and ending delimiters, all SQL statements must have + in position 7Use Upper Case for C, /EXEC, and /END-EXEC in RPG IV SQL statements CANNOT

go past position 80be included via a /COPY statement

RPG Interface - Source...


Cobol Interface - SourceSELECT A Single Row From A Table - Cobol

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 77 EMPNBR PIC S9(5) COMP-3. 77 DEPT PIC S9(3) COMP-3. 77 NAM PIC X(25). . . PROCEDURE DIVISION. EXEC SQL SELECT nbr, nam, dpt INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept FROM emp WHERE nbr = :empnbr END-EXEC.

iSeries DevCon 2006



RPG and Cobol InterfaceUsing Structures in SQL

Host structures are groups of variablesData structures in RPGGroup items in COBOL

Structures can be used in SQL statementsReplaces list of variables

I DS I 1 50 EMPNBR I 6 30 NAM I 31 32 DEPT C* C/EXEC SQL C+ SELECT nbr, nam, dpt C+ INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE nbr = :empnbr C/END-EXEC


RPG and Cobol Interface...SELECT... INTO Expects Only a Single Row/Record

Retrieve column/field values into program variables One-to-one correspondence between SELECT list and INTO list

C/EXEC SQL C+ SELECT nbr, nam, dpt C+ INTO :empnbr, :nam, :dept C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE nbr = :empnbr C/END-EXEC

iSeries DevCon 2006



RPG and Cobol Interface...Multiple Rows/Records Can Be Processed

Single SQL statement can process multiple rows/records

Processed rows/records NOT returned to program

C/EXEC SQL C+ UPDATE emp C+ SET dpt = :newdept C+ WHERE dpt = :olddept C/END-EXEC

SQL cursor operations used to return multiple rows/records to program


Cursor OperationsSELECT & Process Multiple Rows/Records from a Table

1. Declare SQL cursor 2. Open cursor 3. Fetch next record 4. Process record (UPDATE/INSERT/etc) 5. If last record: go to Step 6,

else: go to Step 3

6. Close cursor

iSeries DevCon 2006



Defining and Using an SQL Cursor

+ PROBLEM:

Update SALARY for all records in a specified department

C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE dpt = :dept C+ FOR UPDATE OF sal C+ C/END-EXEC C* C EXFMT PROMPT C* Example continued on next page

Cursor Operations...


SQL Cursor Example - Continued C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ OPEN empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC C* C SQLCOD DOUNE 0 C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C+ C/END-EXEC C*

Example continued on next page

Cursor Operations...

iSeries DevCon 2006



Cursor Operations...SQL Cursor Example - Continued

C* C SQLCOD IFEQ 0 C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ UPDATE emp C+ SET sal = sal + :raise C+ WHERE CURRENT OF empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC C END C END C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ CLOSE empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC


DECLARE CURSOR StatementSimilar in function to HLL file declarations

F-specs or FD'sNo processing actually takes place - just definition

Host variables may be included in the statementCreated using an embedded SELECT command

most SELECT clauses may be used - ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc

Must be declared before being referenced

DECLARE CURSOR...

iSeries DevCon 2006



DECLARE CURSOR StatementBy default, all columns may be updated or deleted

FOR UPDATE OF - lists the columns that are to be updatedcolumns listed in an ORDER BY clause may not be listed in FOR UPDATE OF clause also

FOR READ ONLY - specifies no updating/deleting allowed

Considerations:FOR READ ONLY - may improve performance; better documentationFOR UPDATE OF - security; may improve performance

DECLARE CURSOR...


DECLARE CURSOR...DECLARE CURSOR Statement

With Hold clause useful with Commitment ControlBy default, cursors are closed when Commit/Rollback commands executeWith Hold - keeps cursor openWith Hold also an optional clause on the Commit/Rollback commands

iSeries DevCon 2006



DECLARE CURSOR...DECLARE CURSOR statement prompting

Columns . . . : 1 71 Edit SKIP/QRPGSRC SEU==> _____________________________________________ AASQLTST FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+. *************** Beginning of data ********************** 0011.00 C/EXEC SQL 0012.00 ==>> C+ <<=== Prompt from 0013.00 ==>> C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR <<=== any of 0014.00 ==>> C+ <<=== these lines 0015.00 C/END-EXEC ****************** End of data ************************* F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F10=Cursor F16=Repeat find F17=Repeat change F24=More keys

Any SQL statement can be prompted from within a source program


DECLARE CURSORDECLARE CURSOR statement prompting - continued

Specify DECLARE CURSOR Statement Type choices, press Enter. Cursor name . . . . . . . . . . empcsr_____________________ Cursor type . . . . . . . . . . 1 1=Not scrollable 2=SCROLL 3=DYNAMIC SCROLL Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No Cursor definition . . . . . . . 1 1=SELECT statement 2=Statement name F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F21=Display statement

iSeries DevCon 2006



DECLARE CURSOR statement prompting - continued

Specify SELECT Statement Type information for SELECT statement. Press F4 for a list. FROM files . . . . . . . emp_______________________________ SELECT fields . . . . . nbr,_nam,_sal_____________________ WHERE conditions . . . . dpt_=_:dept_______________________ GROUP BY fields . . . . __________________________________ HAVING conditions . . . __________________________________ ORDER BY fields . . . . __________________________________ FOR UPDATE OF fields . . sal_______________________________ Bottom Type choices, press Enter. Number of records to optimize . . . . . . __________ DISTINCT records in result file . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No FOR FETCH ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No UNION with another SELECT . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F6=Insert line F9=Subquery F10=Copy F12=Cancel F14=Delete F15=Split line F24=More keys

DECLARE CURSOR...


DECLARE CURSOR statement prompting - continued

Columns . . . : 1 71 Edit SKIP/QRPGSRC SEU==> _____________________________________________ AASQLTST FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+. *************** Beginning of data ********************** 0011.00 C/EXEC SQL 0012.00 C+ 0013.00 C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR 0013.01 C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal 0013.02 C+ FROM emp 0013.03 C+ WHERE dpt = :dept 0013.04 C+ FOR UPDATE OF sal 0014.00 C+ 0015.00 C/END-EXEC ****************** End of data ************************* F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F10=Cursor F16=Repeat find F17=Repeat change F24=More keys

DECLARE CURSOR...

iSeries DevCon 2006



Executes SELECT Statement For a Declared CursorBuilds the access path if necessarySuccessful Open places the file cursor before the first row of the result tableCursor must be closed before it can be opened

C*C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ OPEN empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC C*

OPEN Statement


Two FunctionsPosition the cursor for the next operation

C*C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC

Bring rows/records into the programC* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C+ C/END-EXEC

FETCH Statement

iSeries DevCon 2006



FETCH Statement...Alternatives to NEXT Processing

Cursor must be defined as a Scrollable C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ DECLARE empcsr SCROLL CURSOR FOR C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal C+ FROM emp C+ ORDER BY empid C+ C/END-EXEC C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH PRIOR FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C+ C/END-EXEC


FETCH Statement...Alternatives to NEXT Processing

Keyword Positions CursorNext On the next row after the current rowPrior On the row before the current rowFirst On the first rowLast On the last row Before Before the first row - must not use INTOAfter After the last row - must not use INTOCurrent On the current row (no change in position)

Relative n n < -1 Positions to nth row before currentn = -1 Same as Prior keywordn = 0 Same as Current keywordn = 1 Same as Next keywordn > 1 Positions to nth row after current

iSeries DevCon 2006



FETCH statement prompting

Columns . . . : 1 71 Edit SKIP/QRPGSRC SEU==> AASQLTST FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+. 0023.00 C/EXEC SQL 0024.00 ==>> C+ <<=== Prompt from 0025.00 ==>> C+ FETCH <<=== any of 0026.00 ==>> C+ <<=== these lines 0027.00 C/END-EXEC ****************** End of data ************************* F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F10=Cursor F16=Repeat find F17=Repeat change F24=More keys

FETCH Statement...


FETCH Statement...FETCH statement prompting - continued

Specify FETCH Statement Type choices, press Enter. Cursor name . . . . . empcsr___________________________ Positioning . . . . . 1 1=NEXT, 2=PRIOR, 3=FIRST 4=LAST, 5=BEFORE, 6=AFTER 7=CURRENT, 8=RELATIVE Fetch type . . . . . . 1 1=Single record 2=Blocked 3=Position only F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F21=Display statement

iSeries DevCon 2006



Embedded SQL...BLOCKED FETCH statement prompting

Specify FETCH Statement Type choices, press Enter. Cursor name . . . . . empcsr___________________________ Positioning . . . . . 1 1=NEXT, 2=PRIOR, 3=FIRST 4=LAST, 5=BEFORE, 6=AFTER 7=CURRENT, 8=RELATIVE Fetch type . . . . . . 2 1=Single record 2=Blocked 3=Position only F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F21=Display statement


Embedded SQL...BLOCKED FETCH statement prompting

Specify FETCH Statement Type choices, press Enter. FOR records . . . . . . . . 10____ 1-32767 -OR- FOR host variable . . . . . _______________________________ ______________________________ Type choices, press Enter. INTO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1=Host structure array 2=Record storage area Host structure array . . . . :array_________________________ ______________________________ F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F21=Display statement

iSeries DevCon 2006



FETCH Statement...FETCH statement prompting - continued

Columns . . . : 1 71 Edit SKIP/QRPGSRC SEU==> AASQLTST FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5 ...+. 0023.00 C/EXEC SQL 0024.00 C+ 0025.00 C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr 0025.01 C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary 0026.00 C+ 0027.00 C/END-EXEC ****************** End of data ************************* F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F10=Cursor F16=Repeat find F17=Repeat change F24=More keys


Updating and Deleting DataPositioned Update and Delete Statements

Updates or deletes the current row of an updatable cursorCan only be done after successful Fetch operationAdds a "Where Current of" clause to the Update and Delete statements

iSeries DevCon 2006



Updating and Deleting Data...Positioned Update and Delete Statements

C/EXEC SQL C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal C+ FROM emp C+ ORDER BY empid C+ FOR UPDATE OF sal C/END-EXEC C* C/EXEC SQL C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C/END-EXEC C* C/EXEC SQL C+ UPDATE emp C+ SET sal = sal + :raise C+ WHERE CURRENT OF empcsr C/END-EXEC


Closes the cursorCursor must be opened in order to be closed DB2/400 closes cursors for other reasons also:

job endactivation group endsprogram endsmodules endscommit or rollback without a 'with hold' clauseerror handling......

Rule of thumbclose the cursor as soon as you're done with it

CLOSE Statement

C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ CLOSE empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC

iSeries DevCon 2006



Error Detection and HandlingSQLCODE in SQL Communications Area

Status always returned in SQLCODEboth successful and unsuccessful statements

Programmer must check return codes within programSQL Communications Area (SQLCA)

contains feedback informationmust be included in all SQL programsRPG includes SQLCA automaticallyother languages must have specific include: EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA END-EXEC


SQLCAID Char(8) Structure identifying literal: "SQLCA"SQLCABC Integer Length of SQLCASQLCode Integer Return codeSQLErrML SmallInt Length of SQLErrMCSQLErrMC Char(70) Message Replacement textSQLErrP Char(8) Product ID literal: "QSQ" for DB2/400SQLErrD Array of Integers SQLErrD(1) - treated as Char(4); last 4 characters

of CPF or other escape message SQLErrD(2) - treated as Char(4); last 4 characters of CPF or other diagnostic message SQLErrD(3) - for Fetch, Insert, Update or Delete, number of rows retrieved or updated SQLErrD(4) - for Prepare, relative number indicating resources required for executionSQLErrD(5) - for multiple-row Fetch, contains 100 if last available row is fetched; for Delete, number of rows affected by referential constraints; for Connect or Set Connection, contains t-1 if unconnected, 0 if local and 1 if connection is remoteSQLErrD(6) - when SQLCode is 0, contains SQL completion message id

Error Detection and HandlingSQL Communications Area (SQLCA)

iSeries DevCon 2006



Error Detection and Handling...SQL Communications Area (SQLCA) - continued

SQLWarn Char(11) Set of 11 warning indicators; each is blank, W, or NSQLWarn0 Char(1) Blank if all other SQLWARNx warning indicators are blank

W if any warning indicator contains W or NSQLWarn1 Char(1) W if a string column was truncated when assigned to host

variableSQLWarn2 Char(1) W if null values were eliminated from a functionSQLWarn3 Char(1) W if number of columns is larger than number of host

variablesSQLWarn4 Char(1) W if prepared Update or Delete statement doesn't include a

Where clauseSQLWarn5 Char(1) ReservedSQLWarn6 Char(1) W if date arithmetic results in end-of-month adjustmentSQLWarn7 Char(1) ReservedSQLWarn8 Char(1) W if result of character conversion contains the substitution

characterSQLWarn9 Char(1) ReservedSQLWarnA Char(1) ReservedSQLState Char(5) Return code; "00000' if no error or warning


SQLCODE Error HandlingSQLCODE Values

SQLCODE (SQLCOD) contains return code = 0 Successful statement execution > 0 Successful, with warning condition < 0 Unsuccessful - statement failed

SQLCODE value indicates exact error or conditione.g.. 100 = Row not found (or end of file)e.g.. -552 = Not authorized to object

SQLCODE values have corresponding messagese.g.. SQL0100 = Row not founde.g.. SQL0552 = Not authorized to &1.

iSeries DevCon 2006



C/EXEC SQLC+ SELECT name INTO :namC+ WHERE emp = 100C/END-EXECC SQLCOD IFLT 0 C EXSR ERRC ENDIFC SQLCOD IFGT 0C EXSR NFC ENDIF

EXEC SQLSELECT name INTO :lastnameWHERE emp = 100

END-EXEC.IF SQLCODE < 0 PERFORM ERROR-ROUTINE.IF SQLCODE > 0 PERFORM NOT-FOUND-ROUTINE.

COBOL

RPG

Error Checking Within a HLL Program


WHENEVER Error Handling

C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ WHENEVER SQLERROR GO TO error C+ C/END-EXEC

WHENEVER statement checks SQLCACan branch to a location based on conditionThree conditions:

SQLWARNING (SQLCODE > 0 except 100) OR (SQLWARN0 = 'W')

SQLERROR (SQLCODE < 0)NOT FOUND (SQLCODE = 100)

Two possible actionsCONTINUEGO TO label

iSeries DevCon 2006



C/EXEC SQL C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR C+ SELECT nbr, nam, sal C+ FROM emp C+ WHERE dpt = :dept C+ FOR UPDATE OF sal C/END-EXEC C* C EXFMT PROMPT C* C/EXEC SQL C+ OPEN empcsr C/END-EXEC C* C SQLCOD DOUNE 0

Better Error Handling Technique

Directly following each SQL statement - code an 'error catcher'Easier to determine source of the errorMore discrete method of determining action to be taken


C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ FETCH NEXT FROM empcsr C+ INTO :number, :name, :salary C+ C/END-EXEC C* C SQLCOD IFEQ 0 C* C/EXEC SQL C+ UPDATE emp C+ SET sal = sal + :raise C+ WHERE CURRENT OF empcsr C/END-EXEC C END C END C/EXEC SQL C+ CLOSE empcsr C/END-EXEC

Better Error Handling Technique...Directly following each SQL statement - continued

iSeries DevCon 2006



Dynamic SQLWhat is Dynamic SQL?

Dynamic SQL is a different way to use SQLSQL statements are not pre-defined in program

Dynamically created on the fly as part of program logic

SQL pre-compiler cannot fully process dynamically created SQL statementsPREPARE statement used in program logic to compile dynamically created SQL statements

Can be used with SQL EXECUTE statement


Dynamic SQL...Example 1

PROBLEM: Dynamically select records from the Employee Master File - Any fields, records, or sequence

C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ PREPARE search FROM :sqlstm C+ C/END-EXEC C* C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ DECLARE empcsr CURSOR FOR search C+ C/END-EXEC C*

C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ OPEN empcsr C+ C/END-EXEC

iSeries DevCon 2006



Dynamic SQL...Example 2

User prompted to enter the delete condition (InpCond variable)

C* C Eval SQLStmtStr = 'Delete From Customer C Where ' C Eval SQLStmt = SQLStmtStr + InpCond C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ PREPARE DynSQLStmt C+ FROM :SQLStmt C+ C/END-EXEC C* C If (SQLCod = 0) And (SQLWn0 = *Blank) C/EXEC SQL C+ C+ EXECUTE DynSQLStmt C+ C/END-EXEC C*


Dynamic SQL...Where to use Dynamic SQL

Report programs with user run time selectionFilesFieldsRecord selection criteriaSortingSQL built in functions

Whenever the exact syntax of an SQL statement cannot be determined beforehand

iSeries DevCon 2006



Dynamic SQL...Where to use Dynamic SQL

Offers a high degree of application flexibilityCan create/build SQL statement

Based on parameters received fromInteractive user interfaceList selection techniquesApplication control file

Use any programming language


Dynamic SQL...Performance considerations

Dynamic SQL can be resource intensiveRemember that a dynamic SQL statement has to be parsed (interpreted) and executed within the application program it is part of

Negative impact on performance

Use it ... Don't abuse it!

iSeries DevCon 2006



Editing & Compiling Embedded SQLEmbedded SQL Tips

Use SQL source member typese.g., SQLRPG, SQLRPGLE, SQLCBL, SQLCBLLEPrompting won't work without SQL member type

You can prompt SQL statements in SEUYou MUST key both EXEC SQL and END-EXEC statements first

Then you can prompt (F4) for statements in betweenSame prompter as interactive SQL

Compile commandsPre-ILE compilers

CRTSQLRPG, CRTSQLCBLILE compilers

CRTSQLRPGI, CRTSQLCBLICreates either *PGM, *SRVPGM or *MODULE depending on parameter value specified for "Compile type" or OBJTYPE


Editing & Compiling Embedded SQL...Embedded SQL Tips

Test statements in Interactive SQL before embedding themWhen exiting Interactive SQL session

You can save session statements to a source memberCopy from this member into your program source

Default for SQL is to use Commitment ControlRequires journaling

Program execution fails if updated files are not journaledTo request no commitment control

COMMIT(*NONE) on compile

SQL precompile step happens before RPG/COBOL compileTherefore, if SQL syntax or semantic error occurs, no "typical" compile source listing availableCan be very difficult to work through problems at this stage

iSeries DevCon 2006

SQL Jumpstart Everything You Need to Know About SQL In Four Hours - Part 2 -86


Performance TipsDesigning and Writing Efficient SQL Queries

SQL uses two basic ways to retrieve data Dataspace scan or arrival sequence Generally used when MORE than 20% of records will be selected Index based or keyed access Generally used when LESS than 20% of records will be selected

If SQL can use an index, performance can improve significantly!


Performance Tips...Designing and Writing Efficient SQL Queries

Create indexes for fields frequently referenced in WHERE clause GROUP BY clause ORDER BY clause

Create indexes for fields that are frequently used to join files

Performance Analysis Tools STRDBMON Predictive Query Governor TRCJOB Visual Explain (V4R5)

iSeries DevCon 2006



Performance Tips...Multiple Row FETCH

Based on host structure arrayRPG - Multiple Occurence Data StructureCOBOL - Occurs clause on declaration of the group item

Clause on FETCHFOR n ROWSn = number of rows to be returned

Specifies the number of rows to be retrieved to fill the array structure


Performance Tips...Multiple Row FETCH - continued

D EMP DS Occurs(10)D NBR 5 0D NAME 25D JOB 1C*C Z-ADD 5 JOBC/EXEC SQLC+ FETCH Next C+ FROM CustomerCursor C+ FOR 10 ROWSC+ INTO Emp C/END-EXECC Eval ErrCond = SQLErrD(5) C*

iSeries DevCon 2006



Performance Tips...Multiple Row FETCH - continued

First row fetched- placed into first element of host structureFetching stops when n rows are returned - or no more recordsProgram variable may be used to specify number of records to be fetched (NOTE: RPG IV - %Elem built in function)Be Careful - Fetching is always forward from position set by positioning keyword

FETCH RELATIVE -3 .... FOR 3 ROWSis not the same as

FETCH PRIOR .... FOR 3 ROWSResults:

SQLCA updates SQLErrCode(3) to reflect # rows retrievedIf no rows returned and no other exceptions, SQLCode is 100If row(s) returned contain last available row, SQLErrCode(5) set to 100


Performance Tips...Blocked INSERT

Multiple elements from a host structure are inserted into a tableProgram variable may be used to set the number of records to be insertedExecutes as if n INSERT statements had been issued

but with improved performance

D EMP DS Occurs(10)D NBR 5 0D NAME 25D JOB 1C*C/ EXEC SQLC+ INSERT INTO CustomerC+ 10 ROWSC+ VALUES :EmpC/ END-EXEC

iSeries DevCon 2006



Performance Tips...Invest time to review and become familiar with

Performance and OptmizationClick on Database in iSeries Information Center

You need to understand SQL performance before making extensive use of it!

Small changes in statements, indexes can significantly impact performance

SQL is another programming language and you have to learn the tricks


Summary - Part 2Executing SQL on the iSeries & AS/400V5 SQL Support - The DetailInteractive SQLSQL Statement ProcessoriSeries Navigator SQL Script Center Embedding SQL in a HLL Program Basic SQL StatementsSQL PrecompilerRPG and Cobol InterfaceCursor OperationsError Detection and HandlingDynamic SQLEditing and Compiling Embedded SQLPerformance Tips

iSeries DevCon 2006



V5 SQL Information SourcesiSeries Information Center Publications - Web or CD

SQL ReferenceSQL Programming ConceptsSQL Programming with Host LanguagesQuery Manager UseSQL Messages and Codes

To access Info Center on the Web http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r3/index.jsphttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/index.jsp

In left scroll barClick on iSeries Information Center ...Click on DatabaseClick on Printable PDFsUse right scroll bar to scroll down to above SQL publication

DB2 UDB for iSeries on the Webhttp://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/db2/

iSeries DevCon 2006


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Everything You Need to Know About SQL in 4 Hours

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