Anne Krieg, AICPBridgton Director of

Planning, Economic & Community Development

What does that even mean?

What is Planning?

• AICP • Comprehensive Plan• Data collection• Strategizing• Facilitation• Visionaries• Implementation

What’s a Comprehensive

Plan?Snapshot of the town where we are right now

Where do we want to be over the next decade?

Our housing stockOur economyOur use of land (zoning? Are we ready to try it again?)Our Town servicesWastewater = growth?

What happened since the last plan in 2004

Memorial Schoolwhat’s up with that?

• Clean up• Reuse• Redevelop• RFP

Economic Development

• Assistance to existing businesses• Attract new business• Marketing strategies• Familiarization tours• BEDC• Regional economic development

projects

Community Development• Community Development Block

Grant Program–Town construction projects–Private construction projects– Services to residents

• Grants

Other things

• Committee work– CDC– CPC– WW

Policy work

Regulatory work

Networking/ keeping up

History of

PlanningPlanning 101

Early Urban form

• 3,000 BC Mesopotamia• Greeks & Romans• Medieval • Renaissance (mid 1500’s)• Baroque (1600-1750)

Mesopotamia

Athens

Roman towns

Palmanova

Baroque villages

Early Planning in the United States• Ordinance of 1785 • 1791 Pierre L.Enfant plans the capital of

the United States • 1825 Erie Canal completed.

NYC• 1811 Commissioners' Plan• 1842 Croton Aqueduct• 1883 Brooklyn Bridge

completed• 1890 Jacob Riis publishes his

How the Other Half Lives• 1921 Port Authority of New

York created.

Urban Public Health as a Focus of Concern

Industrial Revolution and the Industrial City

– 1855 The London physician John Snow publishes his map of the cholera outbreak in Soho

– Physician Benjamin Ward Richardson wrote Hygeia, City of Health (1876)– 1855 The London physician John Snow publishes his map of the cholera

outbreak in Soho [seen as a landmark prototype of a thematic map]

The Parks Movement– Frederick Law

Olmstead– San Francisco's

Golden Gate Park (designed by William Hammond Hall and John McLaren)

Planned Communities

• 1869 Riverside, Illinois– designed by Olmsted, – a prototype suburb

• 1880 Pullman, Illinois– model industrial town– George Pullman

(completed 1884)

The City Beautiful Movement– Daniel Burnham: 1893

Chicago World’s Fair • orderly and clean• aesthetic rather than social

sensibility• grandiose and ambitious

The Birth of Land use Zoning 1886 statute: San Francisco 1896 United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway

Co. 1901 New York State Tenement Housing Act 1906 Antiquities Act of 1906 1907 the first city planning commission established 1st NY zoning law (1916) 1924 U.S. Dept. of Commerce issues a Standard

State Zoning Enabling Act. 1926 Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Reality

Giants of Planning in the U.S.– Edward Bassett– Patrick Geddes– Lewis Mumford– Robert Moses

Other influencers

Bauhaus

Le Corbusier

Frank Lloyd Wright

Post WWII planning

• 1951 Stanford Industrial Park

• 1954 Berman vs. Parker• 1954 Youngtown, Arizona• 1955 Disneyland Park• 1956 Passage of the U.S.

Federal-Aid Highway Act• 1959 Research Triangle Park

created

1964 a very good year

• Economic Opportunity Act• Urban Mass Transportation Act• Kent, T.J. The Urban General Plan• Anderson, Martin. The Federal bulldozer; a

critical analysis of urban renewal, 1949-1962• Gruen, Victor. The heart of our cities; the

urban crisis: diagnosis and cure• Reston, Virginia

The 70’s

• Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)• National Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established• 1970 US Decennial Census changes data• California passes the Coastal Zone Management• Housing and Community Development Act of 1974• Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel

Township

The 80’s• Construction of

Seaside, • Jackson, Kenneth T.

1985. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States

• 1987 United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), "Our Common Future”

• 1987 First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles

The 90’s• Formation of the "International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives" (ICLEI) at

the United Nations' World Congress of Local Governments for Sustainable Future• Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)

• US Dept of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HOPE VI program• 1994 Dolan v. City of Tigard• 1996 Celebration, Florida• 1997 State of Maryland "Smart Growth and Neighborhood Conservation".• 1999 Georgia Regional Transportation Agency (GRTA)

More recent happenings in planning

• 2005 The US Supreme Court

rules in favor of eminent domain

authority in the case Kelo v. City

of New London• Sustainability• Environmental planning

• Resurgence of public health in

planning practice• Political shifts against zoning

• Form based codes

What we often do

Crisis mitigation

the profession of planning appears to emerge out of series of crises and

people’s responses to themhealth crises (epidemics)

social crises (riots, strikes)other crises (fire, flood, etc.)

Post 9/11Post Katrina & Sandy

Origins of the Planning Profession in the U.S.• 1862 Morrill Act• 1879 Establishment of U.S. Geological Survey• 1907 President Roosevelt Inland Waterway

Commission• 1908 White House Conservation Conference. • 1909 Harvard first course in city planning

• 1909 first national conference on city planning• 1917 American City Planning Institute (ACPI)• 1922 Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York City• 1925 first endorsed comprehensive plan• 1929 Harvard 3-year Master of City Planning

program• 1978 American Planning Association (APA)

sources• National Association of Olmsted Parks:

http://www.olmsted.org/pages/philosophy.htm

• Cornell University: REMARKS OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR LAYING OUT STREETS AND ROADS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, UNDER THE ACT OF APRIL 3, 1807 William Bridges, Map Of The City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References. New York: William Bridges, 1811

• Encyclopedia of San Francisco• Urban Planning 540: Planning Theory Prof. Scott Campbell University Of

Michigan• World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. From One Earth

to One World: An Overview. Oxford: Oxford University Press• APA's "100 Essential Books of Planning• History Of Cities And City Planning By Cliff Ellis• Mark Damen USU• Casebriefs.com• My memory

Questions?