Civil War and Reconstruction U.S. History. Events Leading to Civil War Mexican War to 1861.
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR
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Transcript of EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR
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EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR
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Regional issues create differences- Sectionalism
• NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs )
• Economies differed: • Northeast – Industrial Revolution
– Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so embraced new forms of manufacturing
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THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY
1. Agrarian Society 2. “Cotton Is King!” 1860 – 57% of US exports (5
million Bales exported per year)Cotton becomes king of the south
which expanded slavery – increased from 700,000 (1790) to 1.5 million in 1820 (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton gin was invented.
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ELI WHITNEY • He revolutionized cotton and
slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton production increased=demand for labor)
• Whitney – interchangeable
parts which paved the way for mass production= market economy – Who else used mass
production?
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• 1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery .
• 1819 – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. (By this time their was an even number of free and slave states.)
• Slavery became a national issue • Congress was deadlocked. • Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join
the Union as a free state. • Missouri Compromise – Missouri
enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted.
• THIS PLEASED NO ONE!
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MAP ACTIVITY
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• I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk] . . . If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep.
• —John Quincy Adams, 1820
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Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824
• First election that is decided in the House of Representatives!
• John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts• Andrew Jackson of Tennessee• William Crawford of Georgia• Henry Clay of Kentucky
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• All 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political parties
• Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote.
• The Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winner
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• Andrew Jackson• John Quincy Adams• William Crawford –
suffers a stroke - out• Henry Clay – lowest
votes – out
• Henry Clay (who also ran for President) was the Speaker of the House and was able to manipulate the choice. He despised Andrew Jackson….
• So ADAMS WINS!
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• Several days later Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of State.
• Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made between Clay and Adams (never proven)
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The only President to become a member of
the House of Representatives after
being President. (slept a lot!)
1825-1829
John Quincy Adams
Despite corruption charges the system continues…
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ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON
• 1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams• 1828 – Jackson beat Adams
– Jackson –champion of common people– Gave many jobs to friends
• Spoils system
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Indian removal Act • 1830- Congress and
Jackson passed this law which forced Native Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move
• 1832 –Cherokee took it
to court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide by it.
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• Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“
• Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were!
• The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.
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TRAIL OF TEARS • 1838 Cherokee were
rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile journey on foot.
• More than ¼ of their people died.