Evangelista vs Jarencio

8/10/2019 Evangelista vs Jarencio

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nvesti$ations are *sef*" for a"" administrative f*n%tions, not on"& for r*"e maCin$ad*di%ation, and "i%ensin$, b*t a"so for prose%*tin$, for s*pervisin$ and dire%tin$, fodeterminin$ $enera" po"i%&, for re%ommendin$, "e$is"ation, and for p*rposes no morespe%ifi% tan i""*minatin$ obs%*re areas to find o*t +at if an&tin$ so*"d be done. #nadministrative a$en%& ma& be a*toriBed to maCe investi$ations, not on"& inpro%eedin$s of a "e$is"ative or *di%ia" nat*re, b*t a"so in pro%eedin$s +ose so"ep*rpose is to obtain information *pon +i% f*t*re a%tion of a "e$is"ative or *di%ianat*re ma& be taCen and ma& reD*ire te attendan%e of +itnesses in pro%eedin$s of ap*re"& investi$ator& nat*re. t ma& %ond*%t $enera" inD*iries into evi"s %a""in$ fo%orre%tion, and to report findin$s to appropriate bodies and maCe re%ommendations foa%tions.

. .= #NTR#T83 N83TG#T'N= !R33NT#L #G3N6 'N R3'R#N G'83RN3NT '!3R#T'N (!#RG')= >?!'3N# !';3R= !';3R3ET3N T' N83TG#T'R6 >NT'N. A Te !residentia" #$en%& on Reformsand Government 'perations (!#RG'), %reated to foresta"" and erode nefario*sa%tivities and anoma"ies in te %ivi" servi%e, dra+s its s*bpoena po+er from te3Fe%*tive 'rder %reatin$ it. *% s*bpoena po+er operates in extenso to a"" te

f*n%tions of te a$en%& and is not bordered b& nor is it mere"& eFer%isab"e in its D*asi*di%ia" or ad*di%ator& f*n%tion. To o"d tat te s*bpoena po+er of te a$en%& is%onfined to mere D*asi-*di%ia" or ad*di%ator& f*n%tion +o*"d imperi" or ina%tive itsinvesti$ator& f*n%tions. ore tan tat, te enab"in$ a*torit& itse"f fiFes no distin%tion+en and in +at f*n%tion so*"d be s*bpoena po+er be eFer%ised. imi"ar"&, tere isno reason to depart from te estab"ised r*"e tat forbids differentiation +en te "a+itse"f maCes none.

. .= .= .= .= R3TRT'N 'N H>#L >?!'3N# N'T #!!L#?L3 T'#NTR#T83 >?!'3N#. A Te proviso in e%tion 5/0 of te Revised

#dministrative ode tat te s*bpoena po+er of an administrative a$en%& sa"" bes*be%t in a"" respe%ts to te same restri%tions and D*a"ifi%ations as app"& in *di%iapro%eedin$s of a simi"ar %ara%ter %o*"d refer to restraints a$ainst infrin$ement o%onstit*tiona" ri$ts or +en te s*bpoena is *nreasonab"e or oppressive and +en tere"evan%& of te booCs, do%*ments or tin$s does not appear. Te stri%t*res of as*bpoena iss*ed *nder te R*"es of o*rt, name"&, tat a spe%ifi% %ase m*st bependin$ before a %o*rt for earin$ or tria" and tat te earin$ or tria" m*st be in%onne%tion +it te eFer%ise of te %o*rt#N3 ' >?!'3N#. A #dministrative a$en%ies ma&enfor%e s*bpoenas iss*ed in te %o*rse of investi$ations, +eter or not ad*di%ation isinvo"ved, and +eter or not probab"e %a*se is so+n and even before te iss*an%e oa %omp"aint. t is not ne%essar&, as in te %ase of a +arrant, tat a spe%ifi% %ar$e o%omp"aint of vio"ation of "a+ be pendin$ or tat te order be made p*rs*ant to one. t iseno*$ tat te investi$ation be for a "a+f*""& a*toriBed p*rpose.


3/18

. .= .= .= .= !>R!'3 ' #NTR#T83 >?!'3N# T' '83R383N3. A Te p*rpose of an administrative s*bpoena is to dis%over eviden%e, noto prove a pendin$ %ar$e, b*t *pon +i% to maCe one if te dis%overed eviden%e so

*stifies. ts ob"i$ation %annot rest on a tria" of te va"*e of testimon& so*$t= it is eno*$tat te proposed investi$ation be for a "a+f*""& a*toriBed p*rpose, and tat teproposed +itness be %"aimed to ave information tat mi$t sed some e"pf*" "i$t.

. .= .= .= .= R3@>R33NT 'R 3N'R33NT ' >?!'3N#. A #n

administrative a$en%& as te po+er of inD*isition +i% is not dependent *pon a %aseor %ontrovers& in order to $et eviden%e, b*t an investi$ate mere"& on s*spi%ion tat te"a+ is bein$ vio"ated or even *st be%a*se it +ants ass*ran%e tat it is not. ;eninvesti$ate and a%%*sator& d*ties are de"e$ated b& stat*te to an administrative bod&, ittoo ma& taCe steps to inform itse"f as to +eter tere is probab"e vio"ation of te "a+. ns*m, it ma& be stated tat s*bpoena meets te reD*irements for enfor%ement if teinD*ir& is (1) +itin te a*torit& of te a$en%&= (2) te demand is not too indefinite= and() te information is reasonab"& re"evant.

. .= .= .= !R8L3G3 #G#NT 3L-NRN#T'N= 3ET3N'N '

!R8L3G3 T' ;TN3 N #T-NNG N83TG#T'N. >N;3. A Teprivi"e$e a$ainst se"f-in%rimination eFtends in administrative investi$ations, $enera""&, ins%ope simi"ar to adversar& pro%eedin$s. T*s, in an administrative %ar$e o*neFp"ained +ea"t *nder te #nti-Graft and orr*pt !ra%ti%es #%t, it +as e"d tat sin%ete pro%eedin$s is %rimina" or pena" in nat*re, te %omp"ainant %annot %a"" terespondent to te +itness stand +ito*t en%roa%in$ *pon is %onstit*tiona" privi"e$ea$ainst se"f-in%rimination. Tis same approa% +as "ater fo""o+ed in an administrativepro%eedin$s a$ainst a medi%a" pra%titioner tat %o*"d possib"& res*"t in te "oss of isprivi"e$e to pra%ti%e te medi%a" profession. Neverte"ess, +ere te person %ited in tes*bpoena is not fa%in$ an& administrative %ar$e, b*t is mere"& %ited as a +itness in

%onne%tion +it te fa%tfindin$ investi$ation of anoma"ies and irre$*"arities in a$overnment offi%e +it te obe%t of s*bmittin$ te assemb"ed fa%ts to te !resident ote !i"ippines or to fi"e te %orrespondin$ %ar$es, an& *nne%essar& eFtension of teprivi"e$e +o*"d be *n+ise sin%e te on"& p*rpose of investi$ation is to dis%over fa%ts asa basis of f*t*re a%tion. #n&+a&, b& a"" means, te person so %ited ma& %ontest an&attempt in te investi$ation tat tends to disre$ard is privi"e$e a$ainst se"fdis%rimination.

. 'NTT>T'N#L L#;, 'NTT>T'N#LT6 ' 3E3>T83 'R3R #NN'T?3 'LL#T3R#LL6 !3#I3. A or reasons of p*b"i% po"i%&, te %onstit*tiona"it&of eFe%*tive orders, +i% are %ommon"& said to ave te for%e and effe%t of stat*tes%annot be %o""atera""& impea%ed. *% more +en te iss*e +as not d*"& p"eaded inte "o+er %o*rt as to be a%%eptab"e for ad*di%ation in a %ertiorari pro%eedin$ before te*preme o*rt. Te sett"ed r*"e is tat te *preme o*rt +i"" not anti%ipate a D*estionof %onstit*tiona" "a+ in advan%e of te ne%essit& of de%idin$ it.

3RN#N', H., %on%*rrin$J


4/18

. 'NTT>T'N#L L#;= 'NTT>T'N#L RGIT ' # !3R'N N#NTR#T83 N83TG#T'N. A Te %onstit*tiona" ri$ts of a person +o ma&be invo"ved in an administrative investi$ation, %a"" for respe%t. # re%o$nition of teeFpanded rea% of te administrative pro%ess in order to ass*re tat te obe%tives of are$*"ator& stat*te be attained %annot obs%*re te prote%tion tat te onstit*tion affordsa person +o ma& find imse"f %ited to appear as a +itness in a fa%t findin$ investi$ation%ond*%ted b& a re$*"ator& or administrative a$en%&.

. .= RGIT #G#NT R3#'N#?L3 3#RI #N 3K>R3= RGIT #NN'T ?3R3N3R3 3#NNGL3 ?6 #NTR#T83 !';3R ' N83TG#T'N. ATe ri$t to be prote%ted a$ainst *nreasonab"e sear% and seiB*re so*"d not fa"" b& te+a&side. Te board s+eep of te administrative po+er of investi$ation %annot%onsistent"& +it te onstit*tion, $o so far as to render it meanin$"ess. t is +it s*% areadin$ tat te prono*n%ement in > vs. orton a"t o. tat it is s*ffi%ient if teinD*ir& is +itin te a*torit& of te a$en%&, te demand is not too indefinite and teinformation so*$t is reasonab"& re"evant, on +i% re"ian%e is p"a%ed in te opinion oH*sti%e artin, so*"d be vie+ed. *% prono*n%ement as been $iven approva" in animpressive n*mber of s*bseD*ent ad*di%ation. Te orton a"t o, %ase, o+ever

invo"ves a %orporation and it s*ffi%es to %a"" attention to te +ords of H*sti%e Ha%Csontat %orporations %an %"aim no eD*a"it& +it individ*a"s in te eno&ment of a ri$t topriva%& to remove an& do*bt as to te prono*n%ement


5/18

investi$ation tat tends to disre$ard is privi"e$e a$ainst se"f-in%rimination.

T33I#N33, H., dissentin$J

. 'NTT>T'N#L L#;= !R8L3G3 #G#NT 3L-NRN#T'NR3!'N3NT ?3NG >?!'3N#3 # ;TN3 N #NTR#T83N83TG#T'N 3NTTL3 T' !R8L3G3. A ;ere, %ontrar& to te findin$ of temain opinion tat te person %ited in a s*bpoena iss*ed b& an investi$atin$ a$en%& is

not fa%in$ an& administrative %ar$e and tat e is mere"& %ited as a +itness in%onne%tion +it te fa%t-findin$ investi$ation of anoma"ies and irre$*"arities in te it&Government of ani"a . . ., it is a fa%t so+n b& te ver& petition itse"f and its anneFeds+orn statements tat said person is in factand for a"" intents and p*rposes s*bpoenaedas respondentor one dire%t"& imp"i%ated +it a""e$ed briber& and $raft in te said s+ornstatements tat %on%eded"& as per te petition itse"f initiated te investi$atin$ a$en%&T R3!3T N8>#L


6/18

& E C I S I O N

)ARTIN, 'J

Tis is an ori$ina" a%tion for %ertiorari and proibition +it pre"iminar& in*n%tion, *ndeR*"e 5 of te R*"es of o*rt, seeCin$ to ann*" and set aside te order of respondenH*d$e, te Ionorab"e Ii"arion H. Haren%io, !residin$ H*d$e of te o*rt of irst nstan%e

of ani"a, dated H*"& 1, 19/, in ivi" ase No. 705, entit"ed ernando ana"astasvs. e%. Ramon . ?a$atsin$, et%., +i% reads as fo""o+sJ

T 'R3R3 tat, *pon te fi"in$ of a bond in te amo*ntof !5,000.00, "et te +rit of pre"iminar& in*n%tion pra&ed for b& tepetitioner [private respondent] be iss*ed restrainin$ te respondents[petitioners] teir a$ents, representatives, attorne&s and:or oterpersons a%tin$ in teir bea"f from f*rter iss*in$ s*bpoenas in%onne%tion +it te fact(findininvesti$ations to te petitioner [privaterespondent] and from instit*tin$ %ontempt pro%eedin$s a$ainst tepetitioner [private respondent] *nder e%tion 5/0 of te Revised

#dministrative ode. (tress s*pp"ied).

!*rs*ant to is spe%ia" po+ers and d*ties *nder e%tion 4 of te Revised#dministrative ode,1te !resident of te !i"ippines %reated te !residentia" #$en%&on Reforms and Government 'perations (!#RG') *nder 3Fe%*tive 'rder No. 4 ofHan*ar& 7, 19.2!*rposed"&, e %ar$ed te #$en%& +it te fo""o+in$ f*n%tions andresponsibi"itiesJ

b. To investi$ate a"" a%tivities invo"vin$ or affe%tin$ immora"pra%ti%es, $raft and %orr*ptions, sm*$$"in$ (p&si%a" or te%ni%a"),"a+"essness, s*bversion, and a"" oter a%tivities +i% are pre*di%ia"to te $overnment and te p*b"i% interests, and to s*bmit properre%ommendations to te !resident of te !i"ippines.

e. To investi$ate %ases of $raft and %orr*ption and vio"ationsof Rep*b"i% #%ts Nos. 179 and 019, and $ater ne%essar&eviden%e to estab"is prima fa%ie, a%ts of $raft and a%D*isition of*n"a+f*""& amassed +ea"t . . .

. To re%eive and eva"*ate, and to %ond*%t fa%t-findin$investi$ations of s+orn %omp"aints a$ainst te a%ts, %ond*%t orbeavior of an& p*b"i% offi%ia" or emp"o&ee and to fi"e and prose%*te

te proper %ar$es +it te appropriate a$en%&.

or a rea"isti% performan%e of tese f*n%tions, te !resident vested in te #$en%& a"te po+ers of an investi$atin$ %ommittee *nder e%tions 71 and 5/0 of te Revised

#dministrative ode, in%"*din$ te po+er to s*mmon +itnesses b& s*bpoena os*bpoena d$ces tec$m, administer oats, taCe testimon& or eviden%e re"evant to teinvesti$ation.3

;ere*pon, on H*ne 7, 19/, petitioner @*iri%o 3van$e"ista, as >nderse%retar& of


7/18

te #$en%&, iss*ed to respondent ernando ana"astas, ten #%tin$ it& !*b"i% ervi%'ffi%er of ani"a, a s*bpoena ad testificand$m%ommandin$ im to be and appear a+itness at te 'ffi%e of te !R33NT#L #G3N6 'N R3'R #NG'83RN3NT '!3R#T'N . . . ten and tere to de%"are and testif& in a %ertaininvesti$ation pendin$ terein.

nstead of obe&in$ te s*bpoena, respondent ernando ana"astas fi"ed on H*ne 2519/ +it te o*rt of irst nstan%e of ani"a an #mended !etition for proibition

%ertiorari and:or in*n%tion +it pre"iminar& in*n%tion and:or restrainin$ order do%Ceteas ivi" ase No. 705 and assai"ed its "e$a"it&.

'n H*"& 1, 19/, respondent H*d$e iss*ed te aforementioned 'rderJ

T 'R3R3 tat, *pon te fi"in$ of a bond in te amo*ntof !5,000.00, "et te +rit of pre"iminar& in*n%tion pra&ed for b& tepetitioner [private respondent] be iss*ed restrainin$ te respondents[petitioners], teir a$ents, representatives, attorne&s and:or oterpersons a%tin$ in teir bea"f from f*rter iss*in$ s*bpoenas in%onne%tion +it te fact(findininvesti$ations to te petitioner [private

respondent] and from instit*tin$ %ontempt pro%eedin$s a$ainst tepetitioner [private respondent] *nder e%tion 50 of te Revised

#dministrative ode. (tress s*pp"ied)

?e%a*se of tis, petitioners 5 e"evated te matter directto >s +ito*t a motion fore%onsideration first fi"ed on te f*ndamenta" s*bmission tat te 'rder is a patenn*""it&.

#s *nf*r"ed, te dominant iss*e in tis %ase is +eter te #$en%&, a%tin$ tr* itoffi%ia"s, eno&s te a*torit& to iss*e s*bpoenas in its %ond*%t of fa%t-findininvesti$ations.

t as been essa&ed tat te "ife b"ood of te administrative pro%ess is te f"o+ of fa%tte $aterin$, te or$aniBation and te ana"&sis of eviden%e. 7nvesti$ations are *sef*for a"" administrative f*n%tions, not on"& for r*"e maCin$, ad*di%ation, and "i%ensin$, b*a"so for prose%*tin$, for s*pervisin$ and dire%tin$, for determinin$ $enera" po"i%&, fore%ommendin$, "e$is"ation, and for p*rposes no more spe%ifi% tan i""*minatin$ obs%*reareas to find o*t +at if an&tin$ so*"d be done. /#n administrative a$en%& ma& ba*toriBed to maCe investi$ations, not on"& in pro%eedin$s of a "e$is"ative or *di%ianat*re, b*t a"so in pro%eedin$s +ose so"e p*rpose is to obtain information *pon +i%f*t*re a%tion of a "e$is"ative or H*di%ia" nat*re ma& be taCen 9 and ma& reD*ire tattendan%e of +itnesses in pro%eedin$s of a p*re"& investi$ator& nat*re. t ma& %ond*%$enera" inD*iries into evi"s %a""in$ for %orre%tion and to report findin$s to appropriatebodies and maCe re%ommendations for a%tions.14

;e re%o$niBe tat in te %ase before >s, petitioner #$en%& dra+s its s*bpoena po+efrom 3Fe%*tive 'rder No. 4, para. 5 +i%, in an effe%t*atin$ mood, empo+ered it tos*mmon +itnesses, administer oats, and taCe testimon& re"evant to te investi$ation11+it te a*torit& to reD*ire te prod*%tion of


8/18

do%*ments *nder a s*bpoena d$ces tec$mor oter+ise, s*be%t in a"" respe%ts to tsame restri%tions and D*a"ifi%ations as app"& in *di%ia" pro%eedin$s of a simi"a%ara%ter. 12 *% s*bpoena po+er operates in extenso to a"" te f*n%tions of t

#$en%& as "aid o*t in te aforeD*oted s*b-para$raps (b), (e), and (). t is not borderedb& nor is it mere"& eFer%isab"e, as respondents +o*"d ave it, in D*asi*di%ia" oad*di%ator& f*n%tion *nder s*b-para$rap (b). Te f*n%tions en*merated in a"" teses*b-para$raps (b), (e), and () inter"inC or intert+ine +it one anoter +it te prin%ipaaim of meetin$ te ver& p*rpose of te %reation of te #$en%&, +i% is to foresta"" anerode nefario*s a%tivities and anoma"ies in te %ivi" servi%e. To o"d tat te s*bpoenapo+er of te #$en%& is %onfined to mere D*asi*di%ia" or ad*di%ator& f*n%tions +o*"dterefore imperi" or ina%tiviate te #$en%& in its investi$ator& f*n%tions *nder s*bpara$raps (e) and (). ore tan tat, te enab"in$ a*torit& itse"f (3Fe%*tive 'rder No4, para. 5) fiFes no distin%tion +en and in +at f*n%tion so*"d te s*bpoena po+er beeFer%ised. imi"ar"&, ;e see no reason to depart from te estab"ised r*"e tat forbiddifferentiation +en te "a+ itse"f maCes none.

Nor %o*"d ;e impress *pon tis s*bpoena po+er te a""e$ed stri%t*res of a s*bpoenaiss*ed *nder te R*"es of o*rt 15 to abrid$e its app"i%ation. Te seemin$ proviso ie%tion 5/0 of te Revised #dministrative ode tat te ri$t to s*mmon +itnesses andte a*torit& to reD*ire te prod*%tion of do%*ments *nder a s*bpoena d$ces tec$mooter+ise sa"" be s*be%t in a"" respe%ts to te same restri%tions and D*a"ifi%ations aapp"& in *di%ia" pro%eedin$s of a simi"ar %ara%ter %annot be va"id"& seiBed *pon toreD*ire, in respondents< form*"ation, tat, as in a s*bpoena *nder te R*"es, a spe%ifi%%ase m*st be pendin$ before a %o*rt for earin$ or tria" and tat te earin$ or tria" m*sbe in %onne%tion +it te eFer%ise of te %o*rt


9/18

"a+f*""& a*toriBed p*rpose, and tat te proposed +itness be %"aimed to avinformation tat mi$t sed some e"pf*" "i$t.24?e%a*se *di%ia" po+er is re"*%tant not *nab"e to s*mmon eviden%e *nti" it is so+n to be re"evant to iss*es on "iti$ations does not fo""o+ tat an administrative a$en%& %ar$ed +it seein$ tat te "a+s areenfor%ed ma& not ave and eFer%ise po+ers of ori$ina" inD*ir&. Te administrativa$en%& as te po+er of inD*isition +i% is not dependent *pon a %ase or %ontrovers&in order to $et eviden%e, b*t %an investi$ate mere"& on s*spi%ion tat te "a+ is bein$vio"ated or even *st be%a*se it +ants ass*ran%e tat it is not. ;en investi$ative and

a%%*sator& d*ties are de"e$ated b& stat*te to an administrative bod&, it, too ma& taCesteps to inform itse"f as to +eter tere is probab"e vio"ation of te "a+.21n s*m, it mabe stated tat a s*bpoena meets te reD*irements for enfor%ement if te inD*ir& is (1+itin te a*torit& of te a$en%&= (2) te demand is not too indefinite= and () teinformation is reasonab"& re"evant.22

Tere is no do*bt tat te fa%t-findin$ investi$ations bein$ %ond*%ted b& te #$en%&*pon s+orn statements imp"i%atin$ %ertain p*b"i% offi%ia"s of te it& Government oani"a in anoma"o*s transa%tions25fa"" +itin te #$en%&nfort*nate"&, for reasonof p*b"i% po"i%&, te %onstit*tiona"it& of eFe%*tive orders, +i% are %ommon"& said toave te for%e and effe%t of stat*tes52%annot be


10/18

%o""atera""& impea%ed.*% more +en te iss*e +as not d*"& p"eaded in te %o*rbe"o+ as to be a%%eptab"e for ad*di%ation no+.4Te sett"ed r*"e is tat te o*rt +inot anti%ipate a D*estion of %onstit*tiona" "a+ in advan%e of te ne%essit& of de%idin$ it56

Notin$ ten appears %on%"*sive tan tat te disp*ted s*bpoena iss*ed b& petitione@*iri%o 3van$e"ista to respondent ernando ana"astas is +e"" +itin te "e$a%ompeten%e of te #$en%& to iss*e.

;I3R3'R3, te aforeD*oted order of respondent H*d$e, dated H*"& 1, 19/, iereb& set aside and de%"ared of no for%e and effe%t.

;ito*t prono*n%ement as to %osts.

' 'R3R3.

astro, #ntonio, 3s$*erra, *noB !a"ma and#D*ino, HH., conc$r.

aCa"inta", .H., in t*e res$lt.

?arredo, aCasiar a:7don%ep%ion, Hr., HH., took no part.

Separate Opinions

(ERNAN&O, ', Conc$rrin+

Te opinion of te o*rt, ab"& penned b& H*sti%e artin, is bot "earned an%ompreensive. t ref"e%ts te %*rrent state of do%trina" prono*n%ements in #meri%an

#dministrative La+, +i% *p to no+ possesses +ort in tis *risdi%tion. t is ia%%ordan%e +it te vie+s eFpressed in t+o a*toritative #meri%an treatises, tat oavis1and tat of Haffe.2Te %ompa%t b*t i$"& *sef*" teFt of !arCer &ie"ds te same%on%"*sion. # simi"ar approa% ma& be dis%erned in te %asebooCs of atB, 3 an%ar"and and 8anderbe"t. 5# %on%*rren%e is t*s %a""ed for. Tat for me does no%on%"*de matters to*$. Te %onstit*tiona" ri$ts of a person +o ma& be invo"ved ins*% administrative investi$ation, %a"" for respe%t. # re%o$nition of te eFpanded rea% ote administrative pro%ess in order to ass*re tat te obe%tives of a re$*"ator& stat*tbe attained %annot obs%*re te prote%tion tat te onstit*tion affords a person +oma& find imse"f in te position of a respondent. t is +ort+i"e to m& mind tat tere b

a referen%e, even if far from detai"ed, to s*% an aspe%t. Ien%e tis separate opinion.

. Te ri$t to be prote%ted a$ainst *nreasonab"e sear% and seiB*re so*"d not fa"" b& t+a&side. Te broad s+eep of te administrative po+er of investi$ation %anno%onsistent"& +it te onstit*tion, $o so far as to render it meanin$"ess. t is +it s*% areadin$ in mind tat vie+ te prono*n%ement in >nited tates v. orton a"t o., 8o+i% re"ian%e is p"a%ed in te opinion of H*sti%e artin. Te do%trine form*"ated in s*%

#meri%an %ase b& H*sti%e Ha%Cson reads t*sJ 'f %o*rse a $overnmenta" investi$atiointo %orporate matters ma& be of s*% a s+eepin$


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nat*re and so *nre"ated to te matter proper"& *nder inD*ir& as to eF%eed teinvesti$ator& po+er. edera" Trade omm. v. #meri%an Toba%%o o., . . . ?*t it is*ffi%ient if te inD*ir& is +itin te a*torit& of te a$en%&, te demand is not tooindefinite and te information so*$t is reasonab"& re"evant.


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privi"e$e a$ainst se"f-in%rimination. 16 ;en read in %onne%tion +it te ear"iereferen%e to te fa%t tat te respondent is %a""ed as a +itness not as te partpro%eeded a$ainst, it %annot be said, in te "i$t of te r*"in$ in !"anas v. Gi", 17tat offends a$ainst tis %onstit*tiona" $*arantee. #s of no+ ten, +it te D*estion of an&modifi%ation of te !"anas do%trine not bein$ proper"& before *s, %an &ie"d m%on%*rren%e. andor %ompe"s te statement, o+ever, tat for me a reeFamination os*% a prono*n%ement is desirab"e. # distin%tion bet+een a +itness and a respondenma& be too ten*o*s if te rea"ities of te sit*ation be f*""& %onsidered. am botered b&te to*$t tat te for%e of te aba" 18 and te !as%*a", Hr. de%isions 19 ma& beroded if te prospe%tive respondent is first %a""ed as a +itness and is t*s %ompe""ed totestif&. or te present, it ma& s*ffi%e if eFpress m& mis$ivin$s. #t an& rate%on%*rren%e is not r*"ed o*t in vie+ of te aforementioned %aveat in te ab"e opinion oH*sti%e artin.

T33 I#N33, ', dissentin+

am %onstrained to dissent from te main opinion of r. H*sti%e artin +i% $rants tepetition and sets aside respondent %o*rt


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anneFed s+orn statements (+i% +ere not so+n to respondent *d$e in spite of iseFpress"& asCin$ for tem d*rin$ te %o*rse of te earin$ 5 ) so+ tat respondenana"astas (and oters simi"ar"& sit*ated) are indeed not mere"& +itnesses b*t in rea"itrespondents (s*be%t to administrative and %rimina" %ar$es.)

Respondent as terefore %orre%t"& invoCed Ca#al vs. -ap$nan, +erein te o*tro*$ ten ief H*sti%e Roberto on%ep%ion e"d tat terein petitioner ri$tf*""ref*sed to taCe te +itness stand as a$ainst te order of te !residentia" ommitte

investi$atin$ te %omp"aint a$ainst im for a""e$ed *neFp"ained +ea"t (sin%e s*%pro%eedin$s +ere in s*bstan%e and effe%t a %rimina" one and is position +as virt*a""tat of an a%%*sed on tria" and e terefore ad te ri$t to remain silentand invoCe tprivi"e$e a$ainst se"f-in%rimination in s*pport of a #lanket ref$sal to ans)er an% and a$estions/and ordered te dismissa" of te %rimina" %ontempt %ar$e a$ainst im.

Pasc$al, 'r. vs. Bd. of !xaminers 7 is eD*a""& in point, +erein te o*rt s*stained t"o+er %o*rt


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p*rpose of investi$ation is to dis%over fa%ts as a basis of f*t*re a%tion, an& *nne%essareFtension of te privi"e$e (a$ainst se"f-in%rimination) +o*"d t*s be *nne%essar& 11t*appears to be f"a+ed in fa%t and in "a+J respondent +as in fact bein$ investi$ated arespondent-s*spe%t and +ito*t s*bmittin$ to te investi$ation +as a%t*a""& %rimina""%ar$ed in %o*rt= as a p*re matter of leal principle,te 197 onstit*tion as re%o$niBete ne%essit& of stren$tenin$ (and eFtendin$) te privi"e$e a$ainst se"f-in%rimination beFpress"& providin$ as a %onstit*tiona" mandate in te ?i"" of Ri$ts tat #n& perso*nder investi$ation for te %ommission of an offense sa"" ave te ri$t to remain silenand to %o*nse", and to be informed of s*% ri$t (#rti%"e 8, se%tion 20) and o*t"a+in$te *se of an& %onfession obtained in vio"ation of said se%tion b& de%"arin$ itinadmissi#ilit%in eviden%e.

Respondent ana"astas +as terefore *stified in invoCin$ te privi"e$e a$ainst se"fin%rimination and in se%*rin$ te respondent %o*rt


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ana"astas +as *nD*estionab"& bein$ investi$ated b& petitioner as respondent and aprime s*spe%t (and not as a mere +itness) and a%%ordin$"&, *nder sett"ed do%trine, ead ever& ri$t to remain si"ent and to invoCe is ri$t a$ainst se"f-in%rimination and toref*se to taCe te +itness stand.

terefore vote for *po"din$ respondent %o*rt


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1. 1 avis, #dministrative La+ Treatise, 171.

17. NLR? v. #n%or Rome i""s, n%., 197 . 2d 447 (5t ir. 1952).

1/. 'C"aoma !ress !*b. o. v. ;a""in$, 27 > 1/5 (194).

19. 3 v. 8a%**m an o., 157 . 2d 50, %ert den 0 > /20 (1947).

20. ee ar%itto, ante.21. >nited tates v. orton a"t o., / > 2 (1950), abandonin$ te 3arriman

211 > 407= (190/) andAmerican 4o#acco,24 > 29/= (1924) do%trine a$ainsfisin$ eFpedition.

22. #dams v. T, 29 . 2d /1, %ert den 9 > /4 (192).

2. !etition, at , ase Re%ords= ee #nneFes ?, ?-1, !etition= at 17-24, aseRe%ords.

24. !etition, at 7, ase Re%ords.

25. Ri$ts of ;itnesses in #dministrative nvesti$ations, 54 Iarv. L. Rev. 1214.

2. L-19052, 29 e%. 192, R# 104, per on%ep%ion, H.

27. L-2501/, 2 a& 199, 2/ R# 45, per ernando, H.

2/. emorand*m, !etitioners, at 154, ase Re%ords.

29. dem= !etition, at /, ase Re%ords.

0. Ri$ts of ;itnesses in #dministrative nvesti$ations, ante.

1. emorand*m, Respondents, at 10, 11, ase Re%ords.

2. > v. ?ora, 191 . *pp. 5, 5= arCas vs. TeFas nstr*ment, n%., 75 . 2d29, 2, dert den /9 > 977.

. an i$*e" ?re+er&, n%. vs. a$no, L-21/79, 29 ept. 197, 21 R# 297.

4. dem= also2 odern onstit*tiona" La+, #ntiea*, 199 ed., 4/.

5. !etite vs. >nited tates, 1 > 529 (190).

(ERNAN&O, -., concrrin#;

1. f. 1 avis, #dministrative La+ Treatise, 159-22 (195/).

2. f. Haffe, H*di%ia" ontro" of #dministrative #%tion, 115-119 (195).

. f. !arCer, #dministrative La+, 15-14 (1952).

f. atB, ases and ateria"s in #dministrative La+, 175-221 (1947).4.


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5. f. %ar"and and 8anderbi"t, #dministrative La+J ases and ateria"s, /-/(1952).

. #%%ordin$ to #rti%"e 8, e%tion of te present onstit*tionJ Te ri$t of tepeop"e to be se%*re in teir persons, o*ses, papers and effe%ts a$ains*nreasonab"e sear%es and seiB*res of +atever nat*re and for an& p*rpossa"" not be vio"ated, and no sear% +arrant or +arrant of arrest sa"" iss*e eF%ep*pon probab"e %a*se to be determined b& te *d$e, or s*% oter responsib"e

offi%er as ma& be a*toriBed b& "a+, after eFamination *nder oat or affirmation ote %omp"ainant and te +itnesses e ma& prod*%e, and parti%*"ar"& des%ribin$te p"a%e to be sear%ed, and te persons or tin$s to be seiBed.

7. / > 2 (1950).

/. bid, p. 52-5.

9. f. . T. . v. ?ro+nin$, 45 2d 9 (1970)= Lo%a" No. 104, eet eta" ;orCernternationa" #sso%iation v. 3D*a" 3mp"o&ment 'pport*nit& ommission, 49 2d27 (1971)= >nited tates v. Ne+man, 441 2d 15 (1971)= e%*rities an3F%an$e ommission v. irst e%*rit& ?anC of >ta, 447 2d 1 (1971)

odine an*fa%t*rin$ ompan& v. Nationa" Labor Re"ations, 45 2d 292 (1971>nited tates v. Litton nd*stries, n%., 42 2d 14 (1972)= ?*r"in$ton Norternn%. v. nterstate ommer%e ommission, 42 2d 2/0 (1972)= ;i"mot v. Ianse25 # / (1/92)= "ana$an v. Ne+ 6orC L.3. M ;.R. o., 2 . /4 (1/95)= obi" 'orporation v. *rCin, 27/ #2d 477 (1971)= red epCin M on, n%. v. ire%torNe+ Herse& ivision of TaFation, 27 #2d 11 (1971)= #ppea" of 'io Radio, n%2 N3 2d 575 (1970)= %Ca& v. te+art M e%ire v. te+art, 272 N3 2d //7

(1971) = %a& v. e%ire, 24 2d 02 (1971)= o% v. os&dar, 290 N3 2d /47(1972) = tate Rea" 3state ommission v. Roberts, 271 #2d 24 (1970).

10. / > 2, 51-52 (1950).

11. f. >.. v. Navarro, !i". 14 (1904)= '%ampo v. HenCins, 14 !i". /1 (1909);or%ester v. '%ampo, 22 !i". 42 (1912)= >.. v. pi" 27 !i". 50 (1914)= >&e&tin v. 8i""area", 42 !i". // (1920)= !eop"e v. ar"os, 47 !i". 2 (1925)

#"vareB v. o*rt of irst nstan%e, 4 !i". (197)= Rodri$*eB v. 8i""amie", !i". 20 (197)= 6ee *e a& v #"meda, 70 !i". 141 (1940)= on%ado v. !eop"eo*rt, /0 !i". 1 (194/).

12.#t 9.

1.#%%ordin$ to #rti%"e 8, e%tion 20 of te present onstit*tionJ No person sa

be %ompe""ed to be a +itness a$ainst imse"f. #n& person *nder investi$ation fote %ommission of an offense sa"" ave te ri$t to remain si"ent and to %o*nseand to be informed of s*% ri$t. No for%e, vio"en%e, treat, intimidation, or an&oter means +i% vitiates te free +i"" sa"" be *sed a$ainst im. #n& %onfessionobtained in vio"ation of tis se%tion sa"" be inadmissib"e in eviden%e.

14. f. a$toto v. an$*era, L-7021, ar% , 1975, R# 4.

15.#t 9.


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1. 7 !i". 2 (199).

17. aba" v. ap*nan, Hr., L-19052, e%ember 29, 192, R# 104.

1/. !as%*a", Hr. v. ?oard of edi%a" 3Faminers, L-2501/, a& 2, 199, 2/ R#45.

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Evangelista vs Jarencio

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