Evaluating Electronic Toll Collection Against Main Line Toll

8/8/2019 Evaluating Electronic Toll Collection Against Main Line Toll

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Term Paper Presentat i on

Course: CVEN 632

Presen ted by : Shai l endra Mator ia

Evaluating Electronic Toll

Collection System againstConventional Toll Plaza


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Presentation Summary

y Introduction of Concept of ETC (Electronic TollCollection)

y Different Components of ETCy Methodology y Toll Violationsy Costs and Benefitsy Case Study y Results and Conclusionsy Suggestions and Future Scopey Discussions


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Introduction

y A mature technology allowing electronic payment of tolls at highway speeds without interrupting thetraffic flow.

y Around 70% of toll roads in USA now use ETC(Electronic Toll Collection) System.


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Components of ETC System

y Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)

y Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC)

y Transaction Processing

y Violation Enforcement


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Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) System

AVI system has two components :y O n board Unit or Transponder mounted on vehicle.y Road-side antennae mounted on a gantry.


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Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC) System

Vehicle Classification:y ETC applications have 4-5 types of vehicle classes.y Different toll rates for different vehicle classes.

AVC System:y Treadles Count the number of axles.y L ight Curtains & L aser Profiles Can

differentiate between a truck and a trailery Inductive L oop Sensors Can determine length,

speed, number of axles of vehicles at highway speeds


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Transaction Processing

y Process of debiting customers accounts andanswering customer inquiries.


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Violation Enforcement

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)y Uses O ptical Character Recognition ( O CR) to read

images of vehicle license plates.y CCTV cameras, existing road enforcement cameras,

mobile cameras mounted on vehicles can be used.y Significant error rate require manual verification.y Infrared cameras with high shutter speeds can

improve on some inaccuracies.


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O bstacles faced by ANPR Enforcement System


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Continued


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Continued


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Continued


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H T T P : / / W W W. C A L C C I T. O R G / I T S D E C I S I O N / S E RV _ A N D _ TE C H / T E L E C O M M U N I C AT I O N S / D I A G R A M S / E T C / E T C . H T M

Electronic Toll CollectionMechanism


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Costs & Benefits of ETC


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B/C Analysis- A Case Study

y Case: Carquinez Bridge in San Fransico Bay Areay B/C analysis for ETC system evaluated against

Conventional Toll Plazay Period of Study 20 yearsy Gradual increase in ETC split or share over 20 years

is considered


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Traffic Input

Estimated Annual Traffic Volume (ATV)

Base Year Year 20

Traffic Volume 19,064,849 34,433,238

E TC Split 0.0% 95.0%

P eak Hour Statistics in Base Year

Mo rning Evening

PH V (veh/hr) 1,447 5,202

T (hr) 2 2

PH V/AADT 0.0277 0.0996


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Payment Split and Transaction Time Input

Transaction Time (sec)

Cash 7

Ticket 4.5

ETC (headway) 2.4

P ayment Split Manual Lane-Baseline Base Year Year 20

Cash 83% 83%

Ticket 17% 17%

Manual Lane-ETC AlternativeCash 83% 100%Ticket 17% 0%

ETC Lane-ETC AlternativeCash, Checks 64% 64%

Credit Card 36% 36%


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ETC Account Fact

E TC Account Fact

Cash & Checks Account Base Year

Avg. Tags per Account 1.35

Avg. Usage per Year 160

Deposits $26.70

Avg. Balance other than Deposit $17.80

Credit Card Account Base Year

Avg. Tags per Account 1.35

Avg. Usage per Year 160

Deposits $0

Avg. Balance other than Deposit $17.80

Unit Cost of ETC Lanes $62,361

Cost of Transponders $28.85


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O ther Infrastructure & Traffic Details

Configuration of th e T oll P laza Total Numb er of Lan es ( max 22) 12Ram p Di stan ce p rior to th e Toll P laza (mil es) 0.2Ram p Di stan ce l ea ding from th e toll P laza (mil es) 0.2

P r evailing Trav e l Speed ( mph ) 55

Mo de Sp lit among ETC Use r s Auto 94.76%Tru ck 5.11%Bu s 0.13%

Av erag e Ve hi cl e Occ u pan cy Auto 1.258Tru ck 1.1Bu s 20


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Value of Time by Mode & Toll Rate

Time V alu e for Each Mod e ($/ hr)

Au t o $ 12.75

Truc k $ 33.41

Bu s (pe r rid er) $ 12.75

Toll

Ma nual User $ 2ET C Use r $ 1.85


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Fuel Consumption & Emission Rates

ssumptions about Fuel Consumption

v erag e Milag e of Consuming on e G allon of F u e l 25F u e l P ric e pe r G allon $1.10Fed eral Tax on G asolin e ($ pe r G allon) $0.18S tat e Tax on G asolin e ($ pe r G allon) $0.18Emission Rat es during A cc e l eration (grams / gallon)

Nox 24.7HC 9.5CO 209.0

Emission Rat es during I dling (grams /m inut e ) Nox 0.0

HC 0.15CO 2.5Cost of A ir P olution ($/k g of pollutant)

Nox 1.275HC 1.275CO 0.0063


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General Assumptions

G eneral Assumptions

I nflation Rat e 3% A nnual I nt er est Rat e 6%Discount Rat e 6%Fee for Cr edit Card Transaction 2%Pe rsonal Year (PY )

Hours pe r Unit Pe rsonal Year 1,768PY for I nformation T ec hnolo gy 0.11PY for A ccountin g ( bas e ) 0.46PY for A ccountin g(ETC) 2.36PY for P ro gram Costs (Toll Coll ection) 61.04Unit Cost pe r Personal Year $65,000


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Result Summary for 10 Years

NPV 1 = PVB 2 = NPC 3 = B/C 4 = IRR 5 =Overall $10,641,305 $12,864,897 $2,223,592 5.79 37.24%Toll Agency -$2,132,848 $90,744 $2,223,592 0.04Users $12,758,788 $12,758,788 $0C ommunity $15,365 $15,365 $0


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Conclusions

y Electronic Toll Collection System has a really goodB/C Ratio as compared against base case of conventional toll plaza.

y Around 85- 90% of the benefits comes from traveltime savings for commuters.

y It is much more eco- friendly as emission rates arelowered due to less queues and less fluctuations intraffic flow.

y Toll Violation Enforcement still has to come up withsomething robust to check violations and to avoidfalse charges.


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Suggestions

y ETC System is a very effective use of technology inmitigating traffic congestion.

y Interoperability of various ETC Systems across USA

is very much needed.y For Toll violations instead of image processing

passive transponder chips can be embedded inLicense Plate using RFID (Radio Frequency

Identification) Technology.


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Discussions

Evaluating Electronic Toll Collection Against Main Line Toll

Documents

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