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Europeans Explore the
EastMain Idea – Advances in sailing technology enabled Europeans to explore other parts of the world.
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Setting the Stage… By the early 1400’s, Europeans were
ready to venture beyond their borders. New spirit of adventure Curiosity
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A Map of the Known World
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For “God, Glory, and Gold”1. Luxury Goods- want a faster and safer
trade route to Asia.
2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.
3. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.
4. Technological advances.
5. Fame and fortune.
6. Want to stop the spread of Islam- Spread Christianity!
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The Crusades People in Europe were introduced to fine
luxury goods & spices from Asia during the Crusades (war between Christians & Muslims for Holy Land 1096-1270)
After the Crusades ended, Europeans demanded these goods & spices to “spice up” their dull/bland lives
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Trade… Muslims & Italians controlled the trade
of goods from East to West Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian
merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the Mediterranean region
Italians resold the items at increased prices to make $$$$
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And… High prices didn’t make Europeans
happy (since they are paying higher prices)
We have to find a sea route directly to Asia!!!!
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The Spread of Christianity
Hostility left between Christians & Muslims
European Christians believed they had a sacred duty not only to continue fighting Muslims but to convert non-Christians throughout the world
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Bartolomeau Dias Portuguese explorer Hoped to help “Christianize” goods “To serve God and His Majesty, to give
light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”
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Technology make Exploration Possible Main problem – European ships could
not sail against the wind Designed a new ship – the CARAVEL
Sturdier Triangle sails (adopted from the Arabs)
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Navigational Techniques Astrolabe
Perfected by the Muslims Brass circle with carefully adjusted rings
marked off in degrees Using the rings to sight the stars, a
captain can calculate latitude (how far north or south of the equator the ship was)
Compass Perfected by the Chinese
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Astrolabe – Arabia
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Compass / Sextant – China
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Portugal leads the Way… First European country to establish
trading outposts along the west coast of Africa
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Prince Henry
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The Portuguese explore Africa Strong government support Prince Henry (son of king & queen) 1415- helped conquer the Muslim city of
Ceuta in North Africa Wished to spread the Christian faith Founded a navigation school
Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, sea captains = perfect trade skills
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Ceuta Portuguese invaders found exotic stores
filled with Pepper Cinnamon Cloves Large supplies of gold Silver Jewels
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Trading Posts Portuguese established trading posts
along west Africa’s shoreline Gold Ivory Need a sea route to Asia
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Portuguese reach Asia Believed they had to sail around the
southern tip of Africa 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias ventured down
to the tip of Africa Huge storm forced them to the south
east side of Africa Considered sailing to India but…. Low on
food and supplies, turned home.
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Vasco de Gama 1498 – reached Calicut, southwestern
coast of India Amazed by spices, rare silks, gems Filled ships up Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of
the voyage 27,000 mile trip – direct sea route to
India
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Spain – Christopher Columbus Became Jealous of Portuguese 1492 – Christopher Columbus convinced
Spain to finance a trip to sail west across the Atlantic to get to Asia
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October 1492 Reached the Caribbean, thought it was
the West Indies
Voyage increased tensions between Spain & Portugal Portugal thought he had reached Asia and
claimed it “Spain territory”
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Pope Alexander VI 1493 – stepped in to keep peace
between Spain & Portugal He suggested an imaginary dividing
line, drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean
Lines of west – Line of Demarcation. SPAIN Includes most of the Americas All lands east – PORTUGAL
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Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Spain & Portugal signed in which
they agreed to honor the line created by Pope Alexander VI
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Portugal’s Trading Empire Bustling trading empire throughout the
Indian Ocean Took control of the spice trade from Muslims Built a fort at Hormuz in 1514, connecting
the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea – stopped Muslims traders from reading India
1510 – Captured Goa , Port City on India's west coast
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Malacca Islands so rich in spices Spice Islands – Malay Peninsula
Lead Portugal to break the Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East
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Ferdinand Magellan 1521 - Spanish expedition arrived in
Philippines Spain claimed the islands and started
settling them in 1565 By early 1600’s the rest of Europe
begun to move into Asia to set up trade empires
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Around 1600 the English & Dutch start to challenge Portugal’s dominance
The Dutch Republic (Netherlands) Spain had ruled the area 1581 the people if the region declared
their independence
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Netherlands Became a leading sea power Owned the largest fleet of ships in the
world – 20,000 vessels Dutch & English battled for control of
Asia
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East India Company Formed to establish and direct trade
throughout Asia
Companies had the power to mint money, make treaties, and raise their own armies
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Dutch East India Company Richer & more powerful than England’s
company Dutch drove out the English and
established their dominance in Asia
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Amsterdam Netherlands capital Became a leading commercial center
By 1700 Dutch ruled much of Indonesia Several trading posts in several Asian
countries Controlled Cape of Good Hope, southern
tip of Africa – resupply stop
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British & French Traders English East Trading Company focused
on establishing outposts in India Successful business in trading Indian
Cloth France failed
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Work due before you leave… Page #101 Numbers 1-8 Needs to be in COMPLETE SENTENCES