European Imperialism

European Imperialism in Africa

Old Imperialism v. New Imperialism

What makes them different? Compare European relations with Asia and Africa pre-1850s v. post 1850s

Motives 1. Economics 2. Colonies = political greatness 3. Social Darwinism 4. Technological and Military superiority 5. Domestic conflicts

Gaining Control of Africa

Beginnings 1880 – Europe controlled only 10% of Africa French in the North English in the South

Afrikaaners (descendents of Dutch settlers) proclaim independence and take control of Southern Africa

The Berlin Conference 1884-1885

Background King Leopold II of Belgium

has his eye on central Africa

Britain, France, Germany, and Italy scramble for possessions

European powers call a conference to divide Africa

Still creates conflicts

Queen Victoria and EnglandA case study on Imperialism

The Reign of Victoria R. 1837-1901 Longest reigning

English monarch Best know for her

complete transformation of English politics, society, economy, military, and world status Was the bridge

between to the modern era of English history

Domestic and Foreign Issues under Victoria

Irish Potato Famine Crimean War Continual change between Labour and

Conservative politics The Issue of Ireland and home rule

Imperialism under Victoria

Start of Control 1. Berlin Conference Gain Southern Africa, mid east to north east,

western port colony

Empire Under Victoria

2. The Boer War (1899-1902) Fought between the British and the

Dutch Settlers (Boers) in Southern Africa

Boers feared the encroaching British settlements

Boers received military equipment from Germany and win some battles

British call in reinforcements and take over the capital

From about 1900-1902, British and the Boers raided each others territories and put civilians into concentration camps

Treaty of Vereeniging – May 1902

Omdurman, 1898 3. Omdurmam, 1898 British forces move along Nile River to continue

building Meet up with Muslim troops Battle of Omdurman ensues

Fight both French and British troops Victory for the British Sets precedent for future conflicts

Video Begins with English politics starting with 1840s

and Ireland Focuses on the switch between conservative

and liberal politics during from 1850s-1900 Focuses on the relationship of England and its

African and Asian colonies

Resistance to Imperialism

Africa For the most part, resistance attempts are

unsuccessful French West Africa German West Africa

Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent

India Great Rebellion, 1857

China and Japan Boxer Rebellion

1871: Kick foreigners out

Ireland “Ireland is too great to be unconnected to us,

and too near us to be dependent on a foreign state and too little to be independent ~ C.T. Grenville, 12.3.1784

“Ireland unfree shall never be at peace” ~ Irish rebels

Home Rule attempts: 1886, 1893, 1912

Irish attempts at Home Rule, 1916 Beginning of WWI The Draft

Easter Uprising, 1916 April 24-28, 1916 Goal: Plan: Uprising: Outcome:

Europeans Economists

Politicians

Authors

Legacy of Colonial Rule

Africa and India before

Africa and India now