europe in 19th century
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Transcript of europe in 19th century
Peaceful, prosperous and
secure
For middle and upper classes,
it was a golden age of comfort
and luxury.
More people gained the right
to Vote and the chance of
education.
New discoveries and ideas
caused revolutionary changes
in the science
1. European Society has many Contrast
Industrialization advances rapidly.
The rate of industrialization speeded up in the
closing decades of the nineteenth century
• Steel
• Electrical
• Chemical industries
Is a pacesetters.
1870
1913
385,000 tons of
steel;
32,000,000 tons
European Move to Cities.
1880
Cities were centers of manufacturing, commerce, finance and
culture
In 1880 the total population of Europe was about 190 million,
By 1914 it has sored to 480 million
Achievements of Louis Pasteur
• Process of Pasteurisation making milk safe to
drink
• Cure for rabies
• Cure for anthrax
• His principles were used by later scientists
such as Frankland, Valley Radot, Emile
Duclaux, Descours and Holmes in developing
vaccines for dies eases such as typhus,
diphtheria, cholera, yellow fever and different
strains of plague
Lister then developed his idea further by devising a machine that
pumped out a fine mist of carbolic acid into the air around an
operation. The number of patients operated on by Lister who died fell
dramatically.
Years Total cases Recovered Died Death rate
1864 to 1866 35 19 16 45.7%
1867 to 1870 40 34 6 15.0%
Standard of living Improved
Many workers could afford to buy meat and eggs
more regularly and to purchase cloths, shoes, and
other mass-produce goods.
The work week had been reduced to 55 or 60
hours.
Government provide benefits.
Public Education becomes widespread
In 1990 European country required children to attend
elementary school.
92% 8%
primary secondary
Division between social classes are great
Upper classes
1. Land owning aristocrats
2. Wealthy bourgeois bankers
3. Industrialist
4. And merchants
Middle classes
1. Wealthy business and professional families of
the upper middle class owned
2. Banks
3. Store and factories or worked as managers,
4. Lawyers
5. engineers
2. The modern aged of science begin
• Physical science
Dalton's Atomic Theory
1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and
indestructible.
2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different
kinds of atoms.
4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
Periodic table
Dalton’s theory
Scientist describe the
atom
A revolution occurs in physics.
• Not all the scientist I n the early 1990’s agreed with these
findings
E=mc2
Sociology develops as a
field of Research
Historian apply the scientific
method
Psychology seek the causes
of behavior
Iluminati
The giant of marathon
3. Artist Seek new ways of Expression
Painter experiment light
and color
Music follows traditional Forms
4. Political Forces Threaten Europe’s
Stability