Euro History Timeline

7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline

1/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

New Monarchies,renaissance,

and the age of

exploration

(1308-1527)

Research &

Education

Association

1308-1377

1340

1347-1350

1434

1453

1450s

1454-1494

1480

1494

1487-1499

1519-1533

1527

Frenchkingskeepseveralpopesintheso-called

BabylonianCaptivityinAvignon.

Italyrevivesthehonoropoetlaureate.

TheBlackDeathdecimatesthepopulationoEurope.

TheMedicicometopowerinFlorence.

ThesackoConstantinopleoccurs;theHundredYears

Warends.

JohannGutenbergandJohannFustdevelopmovable-type

printinginMainz,Germany(HolyRomanEmpire).

MilanandVenicesignPeaceTreatyoLodi;peaceendswhen

FrenchinvadeItalyin1494.

MuscovythrowsotheTataryoke.

PortugalandSpainsigntheTreatyoTordesillas.

BartolomeuDiasreachestheCapeoGoodHope;VascodaGama

comesbackromIndiawithpreciouscargo.

HernanCortesconquerstheAztecempireinMexico;

FranciscoPizarroconquerstheIncaempireinandnearPeru.

TheSackoRomeoccurs.


2/18

Reform,Counter-Reform,

and the New

Sciences

(1380-1687)

AP

unITED

STATESHISTorY

Research &

Education

Association

1380-1415

1517

1520-1521

1527-1534

1541

1543

1545-1563

1555

1562-1598

1566-1581

1587-1588

JohnWyclieandJanHuscallorchurchreorms.

MartinLuther,aCatholicmonk,postshisNinety-ve

ThesesonthedoorotheWittenbergchurch.

Lutherpublishesourpamphletsandisexcommun-

Icatedbythepope.

Inhisquestoramaleheir,HenryVIIIoEngland

divorcestheHolyRomanEmperorsaunt,Katharine,

andmarriesAnneBoleyn.

JohnCalvinpublisheshisInstitutes of the Christian

ReligioninitsFrenchedition.

NicolasCopernicuspublisheshisheliocentrictheory.

TheCounciloTrentmeetsthreetimestosettleissues

oCatholicdoctrine.

HolyRomanEmperorCharlesVestablishesthePeaceo

Augsburg.

WarsoreligioninFrancebeginollowingtheendothelong

Habsburg-Valoisconfict.

CalvinistsintheSpanishNetherlandsrevoltagainststrictness

oPhilipII,leadingtotheDutchwarsoindependence.

Mary,QueenoScots,isexecutedbyElizabethIoEngland;theEnglishnavydestroystheSpanishArmada.


3/18

AP

unITED

STATESHISTorY

Research &

Education

Association

1609

1618-1648

1648

1662-1725

1667

1687

InhisLetteroMajesty,Matthias,theHolyRoman

Emperor,grantsreligiousreedomtoBohemian

Calvinistnobles.

Thescienticrevolutionbegins.

ThirtyYearsWarbegins.

TreatyoWestphaliaissigned.

RoyalacademiesoscienceormthroughoutEurope.

JohnMiltonpublishesParadise Lost.

NewtonpublishesPrincipia Mathematica.

Reform,

Counter-Reform,

and the New

Sciences

(1380-1687)


4/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Overviewof European

Powers

(1581-1748)

Research &

Education

Association

1581-1583

1609

1611

1642-1649

1648-1653

1640-1688

1649-1660

1652-1774

1661

1683

1685

1688-1689

IvanIVbeginssuccessulconquestoSiberia.

TheUnitedProvincesestablishtheBanko

Amsterdam.

KingJamesBibleispublished.

CivilwarracksEngland,Scotland,andIreland.

Revolts(rondes)byoldnoblesandtheParlemento

ParisrockFrance.

TheGreatElector,FrederickWilliam,rulesBrandenburg.

InterregnuminEngland:Cromwellandhisarmyrulethe

country.(JewsareallowedbackinEngland,1655.)

Dutcheminenceintradingandtrans-shippingannoys

Englandintothreewars.

LouisXIVdeclareshisresolveorpersonalrule.

TurksstagesiegeoVienna.

LouisXIVrevokestheEdictoNantes.

KingJamesIIthreatenstoreturnEnglandtothepapistold,

leadingtotheGloriousRevolution.


5/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Overviewof European

Powers

(1581-1748)

Research &

Education

Association

1696

1701

1701-1713

1707

1713-1714

1700-1721

1713-1740

1740-1748

PetertheGreatbecomessolerulerotheRussias

(andreignsuntil1725).

TheEnglishparliamentpassestheActoSettlement.

FranceandSpainwagetheWarotheSpanish SuccessionagainstmuchotherestoEurope.

TheActoUnionunitesEnglandandScotlandinto

oneBritain.

TheTreatiesoUtrechtandRastattendtheWaro

SpanishSuccession.

GreatNorthernWarpitsSwedenagainstanallianceo

Denmark,Saxony,Poland,andRussia.

ForeignprincesagreetoHolyRomanEmperorCharlesVIs

PragmaticSanction.

FrederickIIoPrussiainvadestheAustrianprovinceoSilesia,

leadingtotheWarotheAustrianSuccession.


6/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Absolutism,Constitutionalism,

and

Enlightenment

(1576-1781)

Research &

Education

Association

1576

1610-1643

1620

1637

1659

1690

1727

1733

1748

1751-1762

1754-1763

1756

1761

JeanBodinpublishesSix Books of the Commonwealth.

CardinalRichelieu(ollowingtheleadotheDukeo

Sully)institutestheintendantsystem.

FrancisBaconpublisheshisNew Organon.

RenDescartespublishesDiscourse on Method.

FranceandSpainsigntheTreatyoPyrenees.

JohnLockepublishestreatisesongovernmentandon

tabula rasa.

JohannSebastianBachcomposestheSaint Matthew Passion.

VoltairepublishesLetters on the English.

BarondeMontesquieupublishesThe Spirit of the Laws.

DenisDiderotandcollaboratorspublishthemassiveEncyclopedia.

EnglandandFranceghttheSevenYears(orFrenchandIndian)

War.

FranceandAustriaallywithoneanother,ormingtheDiplomatic

Revolution.

Rousseaustwomajorpublications


7/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Research &

Education

Association

1763

1776

1769-1778

1769-1793

1781

WarringnationssigntheTreatiesoHubertusburg

andParis.

AdamSmithpublishestheWealth of Nations.

TheAmericancoloniesrebel.

Newcomen-Wattsteamengineisinvented,

improvedupon,andnancedormarkets.

RichardArkwrightsspinningrame,James

Hargreavessspinningjenny,EdwardCartwrights

powerloom,andEliWhitneyscottonginmechanize

theproductionocottonthreadsandabrics.

JosephIIissuestheEdictoTolerationinHabsburg

crownlands.

Absolutism,Constitutionalism,

and

Enlightenment

(1576-1781)


8/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Revolutionand the

New European

Order

(1789-1815)

Research &

Education

Association

1770-1774

1781

1787-1788

1789

June 1789

July 14, 1789

Summer 1789

1789-1790

1791

September1792

LouisXVsuspendsreractoryparlementsandinitiates

judicialreorm.

JacquesNeckerissueshisComte Rendu ortheking

in100,000copies.

ThekingcallsanAssemblyoNotablestoadviseon

thenancialcrisis.

TheEstates-Generalmeetsbutishamstrungby

votingprocedures.

NationalAssemblyisormedandrecognizedbyking.

FrenchworkersandtradesmenstormtheBastille.

TheGreatFearsweepsthecountryside,leadingtothe

NightoRenunciation(August4);theNationalAssembly

issuestheDeclarationoRightsoManandtheCitizen.

TheNationalAssemblyconscateschurchlandsandissues

theCivilConstitutionotheClergy.

Theroyalamilyfees;GermanprincesissuetheDeclarationo

Pillnitz.

TheNationalConventionmakesFrancearepublic.FrenchorcesdeeatGermanandAustriantroopsatthebattleoValmy.


9/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Revolutionand the

New European

Order

(1789-1815)

Research &

Education

Association

1792-1793

1793-1794

1795-1799

1796-1799

1798

November 9,1799

1801

1804

1805-1807

1806-1811

1808/1812

1814-1815

Revolutionatwar!FrancedeclareswaronAustriaand

invadestheAustrianNetherlandsandRhineland.

FranceisseizedbytheReignoTerror!

Theve-manDirectorybecomestheexecutiveoce othegovernment,aterthealloRobespierre.

RevolutionaryarmiesinvadeItaly,Holland,Egypt.

WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge

publishLyrical Ballads.

Napoleonjoinsotherconspiratorsandstagesthecoup

o18Brumaire.

NapoleonandthechurchcometotermsintheConcordat.

Napoleoninstitutesreorms.

FrancewagestheNapoleonicWars.

NapoleonimposestheContinentalBlockadeonallhisconquests

andsatellitestates.

Napoleoncommitshisgreatestmilitaryblunders.

CongressoViennameets.


10/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Reactionand More

Revolutions

(1815-1849)

Research &

Education

Association

1815

1815-1822

1818-1834

1821-1827

1825

1829

1815-1846

1830

1832

1840s

TheCongressoViennaredrawsEurope.

Thecongresssystem,institutedatVienna,controls

internationalrelationsinEurope.

Prussiapioneersinormationotoll-reetradeunion.

TheGreekssuccessullywagewarsoindependence.

DecembristRevoltinRussiaails.

InEngland,GeorgeStephensoninauguratestheworlds

rstrailline.

ParliamentinEnglanddeclaresCatholicemancipation.

Conservatives(Tories)inEnglishparliamentenactCorn

Lawstoprotectgrainpricesandlandowners.

FromParis,revolutionspreadstoBelgium,Germanies,

andPoland.

EnglishparliamentenactstheGreatReormBill.

TheHungryFortiesgivebirthtonewideasonsocialism.


11/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Reactionand More

Revolutions

(1815-1849)

Research &

Education

Association

1848

Fall 1848

1848-1849

1850

RevolutionsweepsEuropeagain!

Congressesandparliamentscropupallover.

DuringtheJuneDays,workersinParisrevoltwhen

governmentclosestheateliers.

Reactionaryorcesregainpowerinkeycountries.

ThenewAustrianemperorsendstroopstorewin

Prague,northItaly,andotherterritories;French

troopssavethepope;Russiantroopscrushthe

Hungarianrevolt;Prussiantroopscrushrevoltsin

Saxony,Baden,andHesse,amongothers.

Reactionback!Theeraorealpolitikbegins.


12/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Liberalism,Nationalism,

And Imperialism

(1850-1913)

Research &

Education

Association

1851

1853-1856

1858-1870

1859

1860-1862

1861

1866

1867

1870-1871

1871

1873-1896

LouisNapoleonstagesacoupdtatonDecember2,1851.

CrystalPalaceisbuilttohouseindustrialexhibitions.

EuropebecomesembroiledintheCrimeanWar.

FranceandPiedmontplanItalianunication.

CharlesDarwinpublishesThe Origin of Species,which

delineateshiswell-oundedtheoryonaturalselection.

LegislationtoupgradethearmyailsinPrussia.

TsarAlexanderIIemancipatestheRussiansers.

TheGermanCivilWarerupts.

AsecondReormBillextendssurageinBritain;Germanyand

Austriaextendsurageaswell.

Franco-PrussiaWaroccurs.

ParisCommunecomestopowerbriefy.

EuropeandUnitedStatessuerthroughworldwideeconomic

depression.


13/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Liberalism,Nationalism,

And Imperialism

(1850-1913)

Research &

Education

Association

1877-1878

1878-1890

1880s

1881

1894-1906

1896

1898

1898-1904

1900

1905

1909

1911-1913

Russo-TurkishWarleadstoCongressoBerlin.

Bismarckinstitutesantisocialistlawsandsocial

insurancelegislation.

JulesFerrysecularizesFrencheducation.

EuropeanpowersscrambleorcoloniesinArica!

AlexanderIIisassassinatedbyradicalpopulists.

TheDreyusAairrocksFrance.

TheodorHerzlpublishesJudenstaat.

RussianSocialDemocraticParty(RSPD)isormed.

BritainandFranceaectrapprochementincolonialaairs.

Sciencemarksmajormilestones!

RussianRevolutionoccurs.

Budgeto1909sparksparliamentarycrisis.

Literaryadvancesexploresocialtaboos.


14/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Two

World Wars

(1914-1945)

Research &

Education

Association

1890

1894

1904-1907

1908-1913

June 28, 1914

July-August

1914

1914-1916

1915-1917

1916

March-November

1917

March 1918

November 11,1918

KaiserWilhelmIIdismissesOttovonBismarckas

chancelloroGermany.

FranceandRussiaormanalliance.

TheTripleEntenteemerges.

YoungTurksrevolt,AustriaeudswithRussia,

andtheBalkanwarsoccur.

AustriathwartsSerbiaslandandseaclaims.

ArchdukeFranzFerdinandoAustria-Hungaryis

assassinatedbyaSerbiannationalist.

ConfictbetweenAustriaandSerbiaescalatesinto

WorldWarI.

Warragesonthewesternandeasternronts.

Germansengageinsubmarinewarare;theUnitedStates

entersthewar.

Combatantsattempttobreakstalematesonallronts.

RevolutionstakeRussiaoutowar.

RussiaandGermanyagreetotheTreatyoBrest-Litovsk.

TruceendsWordWarI.


15/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Two

World Wars

(1914-1945)

Research &

Education

Association

1919-1923

1919-1920

1920s

1922

1922-1925

1923

1923-1924

November 9,

1924

1925-1931

1929

1929-1932

1930-1933

ParisPeaceConerencecratstheTreatyoVersailles.

CommunistregimesariseintheWest,butare

shortlived.

DemocraciesstruggleintheWestandtheEast.

FasciststakeovertheItaliangovernment.

GermanchancellorGustavStresemannimplements

neworeignpolicy.

FranceoccupiestheRuhr.

MussoliniconsolidatespoweroverItaly.

Beer-HallPutschoccurs.

Britainreinstitutesthegoldstandard,butthenabandons

itagain.

MussoliniandthepopeagreetotheLateranAccords.

WorldisrockedbytheGreatDepression.

ThegovernmentsoHeinrichBrning,FranzvonPapen,and

KurtvonSchleicherailtoreviveeconomyorsolveparliamen-

tarydeadlockbetweenFarLet(Communists)andFarRight(Nazis).


16/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Two

World Wars

(1914-1945)

Research &

Education

Association

1933-1934

1935-1938

1935-1939

1935-1936

1936-1939

March 1939

Aug.-Sept. 1939

1940

1941

1942-1945

late 1942

1943

1944

1945

Hitlersidelinesdomesticopposition.

Hitlerneutralizesoreignopponents.

HitlerescalateswaragainstGermanJews.

MussoliniattacksEthiopia.

FasciststakeoverSpain.

HitlertakestherumpotheCzechstate,Danzig,

andthePolishCorridor.

Hitlerpreparesorwar;WorldWarIIbegins.

Warresumesonnorthernandwesternronts.

Germanyantagonizestwonewenemies.

HitlerimplementshisFinalSolution.

Alliesbegintoturnbacktheascisttide.

Wartimeconerencescommence.

BritainandSovietUnionmeetintheMoscowministerial

conerence.

TheAlliesmeetatYaltaandPotsdam.


17/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Cold War,

Unification,

and the

Decolonized

World

(1945-2001)

Research &

Education

Association

1945

1945-1946

1945

1945 on

1945-1999

1947

1948-1949

1949

1950

1949-1953

1954-1955

1956

TheColdWarstartsinGermany.

FranceestablishestheFourthRepublic.

TheLabourPartywinsinBritain.

ChristianDemocratsrisetopowerandstay therethroughouttheContinent.

Europeancountriesdivestthemselvesotheir

overseascolonies.

CommunistthreatsparkscrisisoverGreeceand

Turkey.

TheTrumanadministrationimplementstheMarshallPlan

astheeconomicarmtoitspolitical-militarydoctrine.

CurrencycrisisintheGermanzonesleadstotheBerlinairlit.

ThetwoGermaniesareestablished.

SixcountriesormtheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity.

TheSovietUnionacquiresatomicweapons.

WestGermanyremilitarizes.

UnrestoccursinPoland,Hungary,andtheSuezCanalzone.

NikitaKhrushchevdelivershissecretspeechattheTwentieth

PartyCongress.


18/18

AP

EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Cold War,

Unification,

and the

Decolonized

World

(1945-2001)

Research &

Education

Association

1957

1958

1960-1962

1968

1973

1975

1982-1985

1992-1993

TreatyoRomeestablishestheEuropeanEconomic

Community(EEC).

TheSovietslaunchtheSputniksatellite.

TheSovietgovernmentorbidsauthorBorisPasternak

romattendingtheNobelawardsceremony.

AseriesocrisestiptheColdWartowardthebrinko

nuclearwar.

InBerlin,Paris,andelsewhere,radicalizeduniversity

studentriot.

PragueSpringoccurs.

TheCommonMarketexpandsbythreenewmembers.

Thirty-venationssigntheHelsinkiAccords.

TheEECexpandstotwelvenations.

TheMaastrichtTreatycreatestheEuropeanUnion(EU).

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