Eukaryotic cells Most are multi-celled Some are uni-cellular Heterotrophs Live in moist, warm areas...
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Transcript of Eukaryotic cells Most are multi-celled Some are uni-cellular Heterotrophs Live in moist, warm areas...
Eukaryotic cells
Most are multi-celled
Some are uni-cellular
Heterotrophs
Live in moist, warm areas
Have Cell Walls
FUNGI
• Fungi used to be classified in the plant kingdom because, like plants, many fungi grow anchored in soil
and have cell walls.
FUNGI
• The basic structural units of multicellular fungi are their threadlike filaments called hyphae, which develop
from fungal spores.
Some hyphae anchor the fungus, some invade the food source, and others form fungal reproductive structures.
Fungal Structure
• Fungal body – mycelium
• thread-like cells• Network of hyphae
• Cell wall – Made of chitin
• polysaccharide• just like insect
exoskeletons
Internal structure
• Eukaryotic cells– long, thread-like cells
• filamentous
– incomplete divisions between cells• septum
– multiple nuclei
plant cell
fungal hypha
plant cellmembrane
plantcell wall
Modes of Nutrition
• Heterotrophic– secrete digestive enzymes – feed by absorption
• parasites – feeding on living creatures
• predators– paralyzing prey
• saprobes (decomposers)– breakdown dead remains
Reproduction
• Asexual – budding in yeast– fragmentation– zygospores
• spread by wind, water, animals
• Sexual– joining of haploid hyphae– ascospores
Zygomycota (Bread & Fruit Mold)
Decomposers
Hyphae without septa
Reproduction: Asexual- zygospores Sexual- hyphae fuse
Ascomycota• sac fungi
• Largest phylum of fungi
• Saprobes, parasites, pathogens.
• Yeast are microscopic, while most other Ascomycota are macroscopic
• Produce sexual ascospores in sac-like structures called asci
Basidiomycota • Include mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns• macroscopic forms -saprobes. • microscopic forms - pathogens & parasites.• Form sexual spores called basidiospores found in the
gills
Imperfect FungiAround 25,000 additional fungus species are grouped in this phylum.
Members include
Trichophyton (Athlete's foot), Penicillium notatum (Penicillin), Candida albicans ("Yeast“ infections)
Deuteromycota. These fungi are often termed “fungi imperfecti” because sexual reproduction has never been observed in them. They lack the structures for sexual reproduction, and produce
their spores asexually.
Daniel
Ecological Roles• Decomposers
– recycle nutrients
• Symbiotic Relationships– lichen
• fungi + algae (Mutualism)– cyanobacteria or green algae
• pioneer species in ecosystems• makes soil from bare rock
– mycorrhizae• fungi + plants• live in & amongst plant roots• enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients