EU Ergonomic Standards - Their D l t I l t ti dDevelopment, Implementation and

ApplicationDr. Kevin Tesh

E i MErgonomics ManagerEthicon Franchise

Improve, Impact and Influence

Applied Ergonomics ConferenceMarch 25 2009March 25 2009Reno, Nevada

Agendag

EU i t d d• EU ergonomic standards• UK approach – implementation and

application• Turning tide in EU – a new approach g pp• Managing Ergonomics Globally at Ethicon• Summary• Summary

President Obama’s quoteq

"Today's workers are particularly susceptible to debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. TheseToday s workers are particularly susceptible to debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries cost American businesses $15-20 billion each year in workers' compensation costs.

Although OSHA issued a standard based on successful business practices in reducing these costly injuries, Bush and a Republican Congress negated this progress by repealing the standard. As

P id t I ld i t t OSHA' i l d k th t t li th tPresident, I would reinstate OSHA's ergonomics rule and make sure that we create a policy that supports workers."

htt // fl i /i / liti / ti i b k b fhttp://www.aflcio.org/issues/politics/questionnaires_barackobama.cfm

EU Legislative Occupational safety and health routeand health route

European CommissionDirectivesDirectives

1993 ‘The Six Pack’

Health and Safety at Work Act

Member States ImplementsThe

Health and Safety at Work Act

eRegulations

Regulations, guidance, minimal requirements around national laws Further

Guidance

Amendments

The ‘Explicit’ Ergonomic RegulationsThe Explicit Ergonomic Regulations

Cornerstone of the Manual Handling RegulationsHandling Regulations

• Avoid

• Assess

• Reduce so far as reasonably practicable• Reduce so far as reasonably practicable

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The Ergonomic Approach

The taskThe load

The task

The working environmentIndividual capabilityOther factors

Lifting and lowering guidance

Other manual handling guidance dataguidance data

• Frequency of lifting• Twistingg• Carrying• Pushing and pulling (start and maintain g p g (

forces)• Handling while seatedg

HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist

Do the tasks involve:• Holding loads away from trunk?• Twisting?• Stooping?

Are the loads:• Heavy• Bulky / unwieldy?

• Reaching upwards?• Large vertical movements?• Long carrying distances?

y y• Difficult to grasp?• Unstable / unpredictable?• Intrinsically harmful (e.g.g y g

• Strenuous pushing and pulling?• Precise load positioning • Unpredictable movement of

Intrinsically harmful (e.g. sharp / hot)?

ploads?

• Repetitive handling?• A work rate imposed by a p y

process?

HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist

Consider the working environment – are there:

• Constraints on posture?

Consider individual capability– does the job:

• Require unusual capability?• Poor floors?• Variations in levels?• Hot / cold / humid conditions?

• Pose a risk to those with a health problem or a physical or learning difficulty?Hot / cold / humid conditions?

• Strong air movements?• Poor lighting conditions?

• Pose a risk to those who are pregnant?

• Call for special information / ptraining?

HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist

Other factors to consider are E i t

Work Organisation –Equipment –

• Is movement or posture hindered by clothing or personal

t ti i t (PPE) ?

• Lack of consideration to planning and scheduling of tasks / rest breaks?

protective equipment (PPE) ?• Is there an absence of the

correct / suitable PPE being ?

• Lack of poor communication between managers and employees (Risk assessment and changes)

worn?• Are trolleys / carts / floor

surfaces poorly maintained / l d / i d?

• Sudden changes in workload without suitable control measures?

• Insufficient training and information cleaned / repaired?

• Is there a lack of a regular maintenance procedures for the

i t?

to carry out tasks successfully?

equipment?

The ‘Explicit’ Ergonomic RegulationsThe Explicit Ergonomic Regulations

Display Screen Equipment (DSE) RegulationsRegulations

Risks not j st abo t ho rs’ sage per da b tRisks not just about hours’ usage per day but also nature of work:

• Fast information transfer to or from the DSEHi h l l f tt ti d t ti• High levels of attention and concentration

• Highly dependent on DSE or little choice about using itusing it

• Special training or skills to use the DSE

Schedule - Minimal requirementsf DSE k t tifor DSE workstations

Equipment

Keyboard / mouse

Work desk

Work chair

Schedule - Minimal requirementsfor DSE workstations

Environment Lighting, reflections & glare

Equipment

Keyboard / mouseNoise

Work desk

Work chair

Schedule - Minimal requirements for DSE workstations

Environment Lighting, reflections & glareTask design

Software

Equipment

Keyboard / mouseNoise

Work desk

Work chair

Special Group of DSE k tworkers - remote

Research Studies on Regulations

Manual Handling• Usability of Manual Handling Guidance (Tesh et al. 1992)• Evaluations of Manual Handling Regulations in 1997 and 2001 (Tesh et

al. 1997, Lancaster et al. 2001), )Display Screen Equipment• Evaluations 1st of Display Screen Equipment Regulations in 1997 and

2007 (Honey et al 1997 Gervais et al 2007)2007 (Honey et al. 1997, Gervais et al. 2007)• Evaluation of Display Screen Equipment Regulations compared with six

member states (Gervais et al. 2008)Six Pack RegulationsSix Pack Regulations• Evaluation of the Six-Pack Regulations 1992 (Hanson et al. 1998)

http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/publish.htm

UK’s work related ill-health comparative data - nine Labour Force Surveys (HSEdata nine Labour Force Surveys (HSE

2008)

2,750 1,810

Turning tide – New approach to OSH legislation in the EUOSH legislation in the EU

Why?Why?• MSDs plateaued despite directives• Incorporate emerging issuesIncorporate emerging issues• Need for more understandable and sector specific

requirements - SMErequirements SME• Limited work situations covered by directives

Turning tide – New approach to OSH legislation in the EUOSH legislation in the EU

Approach:• Added value, easier to apply and more effective• Single directive focussing on MSDs and work

related stressrelated stress• Promote H&S as good for business not an

impedimentimpediment• Establish link between OSH and competitiveness • Deliver outcomes instead of outputsDeliver outcomes instead of outputs

A different approach to tackling MSDs in UKtackling MSDs in UK

Task and Organisational FactorsPostureForce

g

PostureForce

Biomechanical Model Bio-psychosocial Model

Repetition DurationIndividual Factors

Repetition Duration

Individual Factors

Ergonomics at Ethicon

Ethicon’s Ergonomic Challenges

Visual Demands

DexterityDemands

And it gets worse!

High levels Of attention

Static PosturesRepetitive Postures

Managing Ergonomics across the Ethicon Franchisethe Ethicon Franchise

• EHS Charter with strong set of core values• EHS Council conduit role• Quarterly conference calls – North America and

Asia Pacific• Site visits (3-4 per year)• Capitalise on Convergence

– Manage ergonomics differently– Better leverage of our limiting resources

Think beyond our business unit boundaries– Think beyond our business unit boundaries

Ergonomic Metrics*Total %

mitigation of combined high and

**% Review of new andhigh and

moderate risk

elements YTD

Planned mitigation

rate by year end 2008

of new and significantly

changed jobs - Goal

100%100% 100% 67%

WW Operating LocationsSomerville 100% 100% 67%

80% 75% 100%62% 68% 100%94% 95% 100%65% 0%

SomervilleSan AngeloSan LorenzoCorneliaRaleigh

100% 100% 0%0% NA NA80% 75-80% 100%90% 75% 100%100% >75% 100%

JuarezBrussels-ELCKirktonAuneauNorderstedt 100% >75% 100%

58% >75% 0%51% >75% NA80% >75% 100%0% NA 0%

NorderstedtNeuchatelGargraveSan Jose Dos CamposIndia-Baddi

69% >75% 0%74% >75% 0%75% >75% 100%

India-AurangabadChina-ShanghaiEthicon WW

Site ergo culture –involving the workforce

Secret to delivering ‘site’ ergonomic improvementsg p

Project No.

Project name Risk Element Risk elements

(H/M)

Leadership Accountable

P

Task Co-ordinator

Due Date

Costs (£K)

OH History

Comments and Actions Status

Ergo Risk Action Plan Version 1.1 (13/02/09) Week 7

Projects with solutions and action plans

(H/M) Person1 Attaching -

Zipper Folder tray inserts

Shoulder abduction, reach behind shoulder

and repetition shoulder (right)

3 (1/2) Andrew Morris Paul Letford

3Q08 50 1. Seek QA approval on beading material (w eek 9). 2. Continue trials (w eek 7 onwards). 3. Conduct CBA on beading coverage on all sides and tw o longest (w eek 9). 4. Investigate

suitable block design to support inclined trays (week 10). 5. Update working pr

2 Micro-resin Neck Flexion 1 (0/1) Kevin Tesh Anne McSporran

1Q08 12K 1. Convert remaining seven scopes (week 9). 2. Arrange Zeiss visit to brief operators on all shifts (w eek 10). Prepare guidance sheet on how to set up scope and reason for their

introduction (week 10).( )

3 Sealer blanker 1 and 2 back end

Neck flexion 1 (0/1) Colin Yuill James Ford

3Q07 NR Machine 1 is operational and second machine due for installation - 1Q09 or 2Q09.

4 BA Machine Lifting (weight), forw ard bending

2 (1/1) Andrew Morris Kevin Newby

2Q09 £1,800 1. Further analysis of handling risk required (w eek 10) 2. Consider suitability of lifting aid used in print room / stores (week 11). 3. Consider impact of handling risk w ith PAM

machine (w eek 12). 4. Investigate open rack storage as an alternative to cup

5 Stores - Finished goods

Back flexion, repetition (back)

2 (2/0) Carolyn Jenkins

Jackie Soutar

1Q09 None 1. Implement proper use of high lifter for decanting and loading through training (week 10). 2. Reinforce JSA requirements (week 10)

6 Hand winding - straight needles

on relay

Shoulder abduction, repetition (shoulder)

2 (2/0) Kevin Tesh Scott Gardner

3Q09 None 1. Determine range of codes (week 12). 2. Assess with training school on what can be done regarding preferred technique to mitigate excessive shoulder movements (week 14).

7 GZW-Zipper Shoulder flexion and repetition

2 (2/0) Kevin Tesh Gary Robertson

3Q09 Unsure 1. Determine range of products to establish likely average exposure spread across > 1 working day (week 15).

8 Attaching - books (non-loop)

Back tw ist, shoulder

abduction, and repetition

3 (1/2) Andrew Morris Paul Letford

4Q09 None 1. Determine range of codes for books (week 16). 2. Alter working techniques to encourage operator to turn in seat (week 16). 3. Investigating similar approach w ith zipper trays by

angling tray and bringing forward onto attaching table (week 20)

9 IPA Drum Weight, bulky load, stability of

load

3 (1/2) Stuart Birrell Jackie Soutar

1Q09 Unsure 1. Drum handling device being evaluated to move drum between store and bone w ax areas (week 10).

Totals N/A 19(10/9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/ATotals N/A 19(10/9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Summary

L i l ti ithi b t t t b EU• Legislation within member states set by EU• Shift in EU approach – taking a wider perspective

Need to consider bio psychosocial model to truly• Need to consider bio-psychosocial model to truly eliminate MSDs

• Key to ergonomic success – leadership!Key to ergonomic success leadership!

Thank You