Visions, Missions and Methods to Resolve CookstoveProblems: Summary

Juntos Energy Solutions, NFP

Paul S. Anderson PhD

“Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu.edu

A Presentation at the 2017 ETHOS Conference inSeattle-Kirkland, WA, USA 27-29 January 2017

Introductions: TLUD

micro-gasifier stoves

Model: ChampionMaterial: Stainless steelFactory price: US$ 40Cooking fuel: WoodgasEnergy source: BiomassCurrent number: 15,000

Cookstove Problems --- Well known

•Smoke, poor health, deforestation, climate, etc.

•500 million households use solid fuels and poor stoves

•Mainly in Asia (60%), Africa (30%), and Latin America (10%)

Five (5) requirements for solving stove issues.

1. Sufficient fuel: Fuel must be available.

2. Quality stove technology: Promote only appropriate quality stoves.

3. Acceptance by users: Only stoves that the people want.

4. Financial viability: Realistic sources of sustainable finances.

5. Manageable projects: Viable plans that cover all these factors. Each project becomes a mission.

1. Sufficient fuel• Based on GACC and ESMAP joint

publication (Tech Rpt 007, 2015)

• Three major categories of fuels:

• Solid fuels: Dry biomass, charcoal (wasteful production) and coal (fossil fuel)

• Modern Fuels: LPG/DME, natural gas (NG), kerosene, and electricity

• Renewable fuels: Biogas, ethanol, methanol, and solar ovens

• Worldwide, very few fuels can serve 250 million households (marked in red above).

2. Quality stove technology• Based on GACC and ESMAP joint

publication (Tech Rpt 007, 2015)• Clean Cooking Solutions

• Advanced ICS [ Micro-gasification of dry biomass ]

Woodgas stoves• Fan Jet and TChar• TLUD -- Fan Assisted (FA) &

TLUD -- Natural Draft (ND)

• Modern Fuel Stoves – LPG, Electric & Nat. Gas

• Renewable Fuel Stoves –Biogas, Ethanol & Solar

NOTE: The only overlaps of sufficient biomass fuels and clean stoves are with

woodgas stoves.

• Based on GACC and ESMAP joint publication (Tech Rpt 007, 2015)

• Clean Cooking Solutions• Advanced ICS [ Micro-

gasification of dry biomass ]• Fan Jet • TLUD – Fan Assisted (FA) &

TLUD – Natural Draft (ND)• TChar

Two types of stoves use biomass to make gases that can then be burned quite cleanly:

•Biogas, which uses anaerobic digestion of wet biomass

•Woodgas, which uses gasification of dry biomass (e.g., TLUD)

• Contrast of the attributes of biogas and woodgas:•Weight, transportability, storage, distribution,

climate factors, cost of materials, labor to maintain.• So why is biogas elevated to “Renewable Fuel”

status and woodgas treated as something lesser?

Woodgas is modern and clean and efficient• Woodgas stoves should NOT be classified with ICS stoves. ICS

is synonymous with standard burning of wood and charcoal. Do not even call them Advanced ICS because it requires explanations.

•Woodgas stoves (including TLUDs) are gas-burning stoves that make their own gases.

• TLUD stoves also naturally produce charcoal that can be “harvested” for later usage, or burned promptly, as in a TCharstove.

• Additional benefits relate to biochar for improving soil & food production, and fighting deforestation and climate change.

3. Acceptability --- To whom??•To the “judges” of what is “good enough.”•See ESMAP 2015; see Mimi-Moto test results; see Kirk Harris stove results; see whatever tests you want. TLUDs are winners! ~Tier 4

•Is a TLUD good enough in the eyes of the makers of ICS stoves? Maybe never, because traditions and inertia die hard.

•Ultimately, to the stove users!!!

3. Acceptance by users: Only stoves that the people want.

•What do real stove users say about TLUD stoves? •Deganga, WB, India project: 12,000 households. www.drtlud.com/deganga2016•In Darjeeling, WB, India: 1500, and wanting more. Called “Jadu” in Nepali, which means “magic.” Communities are awaiting the stoves.

•Important to have concentration and support.

4. Financial viability: Example of financial issues• A. One TLUD stove costs US$40 FOB factory. Minimum project has 250 stoves for $10,000.• B. Stoves are sold in the community for $15, which covers sales commissions, local admin costs, and one year of stove monitoring, support and maintenance. Note local job creation.• C. End of first year: 4 carbon credits earned = $40 per stove ($10,000 total). $5K to pay back half of initial stove costs. $2500 for local support for second year. $2500 for administration, including monitoring and certification of carbon credits.• D. End of second year: the same as for first year.• E. End of third year and each year thereafter: $2500 for community-selected benefits; $2500 for Program expansions; $2500 for local support for the following year. $2500 for administration, validation, certification, etc.• Note: The limiting component is funds for the initial purchase of stoves from factories. The risk is whether carbon credits will be purchased. The Paris Agreement 2016 indicates yes.

TER™ Carbon Credits [TLUD Emission Reduction™ offsets]

C. Unlike CER and VER carbon credits, TER credits

1) can only apply to TLUD stove projects (assisting poor households)

2) TERs cannot be traded because

3) they are purchased for a specific past, present or future

carbon-offset purpose of the buyer.

4) TER credits have a set (non-negotiable) market value, set

at US$10 per TER credit for the first million credits.

5) These regulations reduce or eliminate financial

speculations and fluctuations in TER values.

The same reputable verifications & certifications apply.

5. Implementation in manageable projects ----- at many levels. (Based on US$40 per stove)

Size-types Group Cluster Community Project Zone Territory Region World

Households(Investment)

25($1000)

250($10,000)

2,500($100,000)

25,000($1 million)

250,000 ($10 million)

2.5 million ($100 million)

25 million($1 billion)

250 million($10 billion)

Number needed

10 million groups

1 million clusters

100,000 comm.

10,000projects

1000 zones

100territories

10regions

1 world (50% of need)

Examples inIndia

Villages (100

to 150 people)

Upper Rongo(mid, lower..)

Rongo,Uluberia

East Darje., Deganga

Darjeeling District WB

20 territories in India

India 2

Notes and Examples inother places

(Minimum size for starting in a new, unsupported area.)

4 in Haiti(NE, NW, Central, S)

Uganda China 2Oth.Asia 2Africa 2Lat. Am 1Other 1

[Note: This assumes that other acceptable stove-types can reach the other half of the most impoverished people.]

Vision for TLUD (Woodgas) stoves•250 million TLUD stoves•Half of the needed half-billion stoves•Other stove types can cover the other half.• LPG intends to provide 50 million stoves to poor

households in India by 2020, with Indian government subsidy of one billion dollars. (10% of world need.)• No goals are stated for ICS or other stove types.

•Aiming for completion by 2027.•The work will be done via many manageable

projects and involve many talented people.

Status of Implementation• Already started in West Bengal, India. Three locations (+ Deganga).

Strong, established methodology into the communities.

• Production capacity for making Champion stoves: 15,000 per month. (All production is by private companies.)

• Established administration: Juntos NFP (not-for-profit, registered in Illinois, USA) provides administration, bank accounts, website at www.woodgas.com , & accepts PayPal transactions or direct funds.

• In need of assistance in all ways and at all levels. Interested persons can name their preferred locations of action.

Financial realities• Without funds to purchase stoves from factories, there are no

stoves going to the households that would use them.

• The TER carbon credits are possible because of stove USE, not because of stove sales. And USE is monitored in TER projects.

• Will enough people and companies purchase TER carbon credits at US$10? Or donate a $40 stove? If not, millions of disadvantaged people will continue their “stove poverty.”

• The average carbon footprint of a USA resident is about 20 tCO2e per year, which could be offset by a $200 purchase of TER carbon offsets.

Are you ready?• Information about TER projects is slowly growing at www.woodgas.com .

Or contact Paul Anderson directly at psanders@ilstu.edu (Phone 309-452-7072)

• Purchases of TER carbon credits can be done online at: http://woodgas.com/tercc/

• Questions about donations for the purchase of TLUD woodgas cookstoves for use in TER projects should be addressed to Paul Anderson at psanders@ilstu.edu

• Please consider becoming “carbon neutral” with TER credits in 2017.

• Please tell your friends about TLUD stove projects and TER carbon credits, etc.

• Organizations (including churches, corporations, and NGOs active in developing countries) are encouraged to consider sponsorships of TLUD woodgas stove activities and the purchase of TER carbon credits.