Ethnographically Informed Studies as a Methodology for Motivation Aware Design Processes
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Transcript of Ethnographically Informed Studies as a Methodology for Motivation Aware Design Processes
Christine Kunzmann, Andreas Schmidt
Ethnographically Informed Studies as a Methodology
for Motivation Aware
Design Processes
MATEL 2011September 20, 2011
Palermo
http://mature-ip.euhttp://www.mirror-project.eu
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Outline
▪ Ethnographically informed study in MATURE
▪ Ethnographically informed study in MIRROR
▪ Conclusions
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Ethnographic research
▪ Immersion into the social environment▪ Focuses not only on what happens,
but also why and how
▪ Challenge: traditional ethnographic research is based on long periods of time
▪ As a consequence in CSCW and other fields:• Modified methods, such as „rapid ethnography“• More focused, combination of perspectives
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MATUREstudies
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Ethnographic research in MATURE
▪ Goals / Scope• Learn more about real-world knowledge maturing
practices• Seven organizations, two of them designated application
partners
▪ Ethnographic research team• established relationships with the respective company• mixed background, some experienced with methods,
other were coming from the software development side
▪ Structure• Week 1: Min. two researchers immersed into the work
practice and shadowed individuals• Week 2+3: Self-reporting• Week 3: Return of the ethnographic researchers
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Results and Experiences
▪ Results• rich qualitative data analyzed with structured text
analysis in a collaborative way• Results were amalgamated into structured persona
descriptions• Specific sections on motivational aspects• Fed into use case definition process
▪ Experiences• Empirical grounding led to a higher richness of
understanding• Particularly developers forming part of the ethnographic
teams has been very useful• Formed a shared understanding of real-world problems
(7 out of 12 partners participated)
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Lessons learnt
▪ Results were highly dependent on prior sensitization• future studies should include longer preparatory phases
▪ Personas have been useful at the beginning of the requirements process• But they have been replaced by the direct interaction
with real target users
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MIRROR Study
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MIRROR Ethnographically Informed Study
▪ Goal / Scope• role of affective aspects for
reflection• motivational barriers in the
transition between individual, team and organizational level
• combined with a sensor belt study
• one hospital
▪ Ethnographic team• 3 researchers, one with prior
experience in ethnography and domain experience
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▪ Structure• Four days of immersion in the work practice
(five persons observed, both nurses and physicians)• Analysis phase (five days)• One hour interviews
• Presented sensor data analysis• asked about interesting events from notes
in order to get the broader context
▪ Results• Analysis with a structured text analysis similar to the
method used in MATURE, but limited to a smaller group of researchers
1111
▪ Found interesting aspects, such as interference with existing coping strategies
▪ Shortened time prevented researchers from observing developments, which could be only partially compensated by the interviews• Might be problematic
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Integration into the design process
Conclusions
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Conclusions
▪ Ethnographic elements yield a richer and more holistic understanding, particularly for motivational aspects
▪ Ethnographic teams should be composed of both experienced ethnographers and developers
▪ Prior trust relationship and domain experience is beneficial to compensate for shortness
▪ Decide carefully on the time period▪ Design processes should make productive use
of narratives • communicate efficiently experiences made during the
ethnographic research• narratives should be preferred over formal models or
descriptions.
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Outlook & Contact
MATURE IP – http://mature-ip.euIdentifying and overcoming barriers to knowledgematuring in organizations
Christine KunzmannResearcher @ FZI and Kompetenzorientierte Personalentwicklunghttp://[email protected]
Andreas SchmidtDepartment Manager Scientific Coordinator MATUREFZI Research Center for Information [email protected]://andreas.schmidt.name