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Ethics - Aashish Maloo
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Transcript of Ethics - Aashish Maloo
8/8/2019 Ethics - Aashish Maloo
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Comment Form for Assessed Work
Section One To be completed by the student Please tick as appropriate
Name AASHISH DILIP MALOO................................................................. MBA FT MIB Undergraduate
................................................................................................................................... MBA PT MSc Diploma Certificate
................................................................................................................................... Specialization......................................................................................................
....................................................................................... Intake °0904
Student ID Number (s) ................................................................................... Grenoble main Campus Off site (state which one)
Subject Ethics ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ ............. ........... ........... Singapore ........... ............ ........
Assignment Oral Presentation Exam Project Proposal Management Project/Dissertation
Title Sustainability thru Corporate social Responsibility in Developing Countries.......................................................................................................................
I hereby declare that the attached assignment is my own work and understand that if I am suspected of plagiarism or other form of cheating; my
work will be referred to the Disciplinary Committee, which may result in my exclusion from the program.
Signature AASHISH DILIP MALOO
.................................................................................................... Date 9th June 2010
Section Two To be completed by the Professor I lecturer
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on the bottom of this page. Please indicate whether this is a first or a second grading.
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8/8/2019 Ethics - Aashish Maloo
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SustainabilityThru
CorporateSocialResponsibilityin
Developing
Countries
AashishDilipMaloo(G0887943K)
MastersinInternationalBusiness(MIBD0904)
9thJune2010
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TableofContentsPgNo.
- Abstract1
- Introduction2
- LiteratureReview3
- Methodology13
- Conclusion14
- Bibliography15
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“..Foranybusinesstobesustainable,thecommunitythebusinessservedshould
besustainable”–NevilleIsdell–ChairmanandCEO,Coca-Cola(March2008)
Abstract
Intheglobalizingworld,alltheMULTINATIONALSarefocusingonthedeveloping
economies,countriessuchasIndia,AfricancountrieslikeSouthAfrica,Zimbabwe,
Nigeria,China,Russiaarethehotpropertyforthecompanies.Everycompany,bigor
smallwantstoenterthedevelopingcountries.Itisalsoacheaperoptionforthe
companiestoshifttheirproductionunitstothesecountriesduetheavailabilityof
resourcesinabundanceandatamuchcheapercost.CountriessuchAfricaandIndia
withhighpopulationandliteracyratesthesecompaniescangetcheaplabourand
usetheresourceshowverytheywantwithverylittletogiveinreturn.Thispaper
discusseswhatandhowdothecompaniesdeliverthevaluebacktothecountry.
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Introduction
TherehavebeenalotofSociallyresponsiblepracticesinthedevelopedcountriesbutthispaperisabouthowdocompaniespracticeCSRinthedevelopingcountries.
Allthemultinationalsarenowexploringthemarketsofdevelopingcountriesand
evenusingthesecountriesproductioncapacitytomeettheirglobalneeds,this
paperdealswithhowdothesecompaniesconducttheCSRinthesecountries,by
whatmeansandwhatmeasuresdotheyusetoconductCSRandhoweffectiveisit.
ThispaperalsoanswersthequestionsoftheimportanceofCSR.Intoday’sworld
customersandinvestorsarelookingforcompanieswhicharesociallyresponsible,
forexampleifwegotobuyaAircon,wewouldlookforwhichcompanyisenergy
efficient,becausethatwillpreserveourenvironmentandisbeneficialforusaswell.
Socompaniestodayinordertobesustainablehavetolookaftermanythingsjust
apartfromprofit,likeifaIndustryhelpsthepeopleitisservingtoinotherwaysit
createsabrandimageforthecompanyandpeopletendtolikethecompany.For
e.g.TatainIndia,itisonethemostsociallyresponsiblecompaniesinIndiaitis
knownforitsbestcustomercareandemployercareandalsoworksforthesociety,
thatisthereasonitisthemostsuccessfulcompanyinIndia.
Thispaperclearlyjustifiesthatinordertosurviveandtosustainableinthemarket
todayCSRisveryimportant.
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LiteratureReview
Wayne,considersdriversasoneofthemostpowerfulwaytodetermineCSRindevelopingcountriesandhedistinguishesthesedriversas:
• PoliticalReform:
CSRcannotbeseparatedfromthepoliticalreformsinacountry,becausepolitical
reformisthekeydriverforabusinessincountrytowardsethicalandsocialbehavior.
• Socio-EconomicPriorities:
Itisthesocio-economicconditioninwhichthebusinessworksthatpersuadesthe
businesstosetupitspriorities.
•
Governancegaps
Itdependsonthegovernmentswilltosharetheresponsibilitywiththecorporateto
developthesociety.
• CrisisResponse
Itisacompany’sresponsetothenaturalcalamitiesordisasterprevailinginthe
country.
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• MarketAccess
IncentralEuropeandAsiaCSRworksasacompetitiveadvantage.
• InternationalStandardization
CSRalsoworksonthestandardsimposedbymultinationalsonitssubsidiariesin
developingcountries.
• InvestmentIncentives
CSRindevelopingcountriesactsawaytoattractinvestmentfromunknownforeign
firms.
• StakeHolderActivism
Peopleholdcompaniesresponsibleforthesocietiesdownfallorupliftmentsoitis
waytoattractstakeholders.
• SupplyChain
ItsistheWal-Marteffect,i.e.CSRaddsvaluetoallitssuppliers.
-CorporateSocialResponsibilityInDevelopingCountries–WayneVisser
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Pedersenhereexplainsusthatthekeyorganizationsofthesocietyneedtopartner
withthesmallerorganizationsandworkincongruenceforthebettermentofthe
society,andthisisonlypossiblewhenbothcomeintocompleteagreementover
theirtasks.Healsorecognizesthekeyandsmallorganizationasfollows:
Pedersenseescorporatecitizenshipasdevelopmentdonebytheprivatesectorand
PSDprogramscanbeusedasaneffectivetooltodevelopcorporatecitizenship.PSD
programsarethemosteffectivewayusedtosupportprivateinitiativessuchas
betterworkingconditionandfightingHIV/AIDS.
PSDprogramsaffectthewholepartnershipprocess;byprovidingadviceand
financialsupportPSDprogramshasinfluenceoneverythingrightfrominitial
meetingstothedevelopmentofpartnership.ThePSDprogramprocessconsistof
threestages:
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Thepreparatoryphaseconsistoftheresearchpart,i.e.recognizingtheright
opportunity.Theimplementationphaseconsistofthelegalformalitiesandtofulfill
otherrequirementtostartthepartnershipandthemaintenanceandimprovement
looksovertheworkingandcontributionofthepartners.
-TheRoleofDevelopmentAgenciesinDrivingCorporateCitizenship-EsbenRahbek Pedersen
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Tobealeader,youhavetoleadhumanbeingswithaffection-J.R.D.Tata.
CSRisayoungmovementinthedevelopingnationandtoomuchcontributionintoolittletimeisexpectedfromthesmallfirmsinthedevelopingcountries,whichdoes
notlookpossibleateverylayman’sscale.Itisthesubsidiariesandcounterpartsof
multinationalsfromthedevelopedcountriesthatsetthestandardsofCSRin
developingcountriesandtheyarealsoexpectedtoleadthemovement.Butevenin
theshorttimeandlowscaleithasbeenprovedthatsmallcompaniesinare
embracingtheCSRintotheirbusinesspracticesandalsopublishtheirenvironmental
practices(JeremyBaskin).
CSRindevelopingcountriesinmajorlyforthosefirmsthatareinvolved
internationallyintheirbusinesspractices.CSRgivesthesefirmsacompetitive
advantageovertheothersintheglobalmarket.
CSRindifferentcountriesislookedupondifferently,likeitisnotmuchpracticedin
MalaysiaandPakistanastheydonotfollowthewhatIslamsaysaboutthebusiness
ethics,similarlyGhanabelievesthatCSRinthehelpoftheprivatesectorwherethe
governmentfallsshort.
Industriesindevelopingcountriespracticeirresponsiblereportingtoshowthatthey
aresociallyresponsible,thisitselfisnoCSR.Thusthedevelopingcountriesneed
moretimetoadaptandconductCSRsuccessfully.
- CorporateSocialResponsibilityinEmergingEconomies–JedrzejGeorgeFrynas(Greenleaf
Publishing,Winter2006)
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Jenkinsconsidersthedevelopmentagenciesasthekey-drivingfactorofCSRfor
transnationalcompaniesinthedevelopingcountries,likeUnitedNationsMillennium
DevelopmentGoal(MDG),whichgavestrategyandrulesforthecompaniestohelp
thedevelopingcountrieswithissuessuchashealth,educationandmostlypoverty.
JenkinsconsiderthemainresponsibilityofCorporateindevelopingcountriesisto
eradicatepoverty.TheNGO’splayavitalroleinutilizingtheCSRofmultinationalsto
helpthepeopleofthestate.Theyarethelinkbetweenthecommonpeopleandthe
companies.
AlanWintersrecognizesaframeworkfortheeradicationofpovertythruFDI:
• EnterpriseChannel:
FDIdirectlycreatesemploymentandwhentheemploymentincreasesandshortage
ofunskilledlaborcreatesmoreemploymentforthepoor.
• DistributionChannel:
Thischanneltreatsthepoorastheconsumerandprovidingthemwiththeproducts
thatareaffordablebythem.
• TheGovernmentandrevenuechannel:
JenkinsinthischannelarguesthatFDIprovidesrevenueforthegovt.intermsof
taxesthatshouldbeutilizedbythegovt.toeradicatepoverty.
-Globalization,CorporateSocialResponsibilityandpoverty-RhysJenkins(InternationalAffairs81,
2005)
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TheargumentgivenbyPayneinthejournaliswhatIfindtobethemostreasonable
argumentforacompanytobesociallyresponsible,hesaysthat‘ifacountryandits
peoplehelptomeetyourdevelopmentneedthenitisalsoyourdutytohelpthem
meettheirdevelopmentneed’.Whenamultinationalisworkinginnewcountryand
withnewenvironmentitdoesnotknowwhataretheneedofthepeopleandthe
society,sosimilartoPedersenPaynealsosuggeststhatlikebusinesspartnerships
whereyoupartnerwitharespectivefirmwhoisgoodattheirfield,similarlyinCSR
partnerwithanorganizationwhichunderstandthesociety’sneedsandisableto
deliverittothem.AndPayneargueshissuggestionwithaseriesofexamplesof
differentcompaniesindifferentcountriesliketheAmericantobaccopartneredwith
4NGO’stoprotectBioDiversity.Donotlookatthebadethicscaseswherethe
companieshavegotintotroublebutinsteadlookatthose,whichhave,given
companiesprofitbecauseofexcellentCSR.
-Corporatesocialresponsibilityandsustainabledevelopment– A.Payne(JournalofPublicAffairs
Aug-Nov2006)
.
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JasonLunday ,thrumanyexamplestriestoexplainusthatsustainabilityandprofit
cometoyouwhenyoudelivergooddeedstosociety.Ifthesocietyandthe
environmentinwhichthecompanyisworkingishappyandprosperingthecompany
willalsodefinitelyprosper,liketheexampleofLevisStrauss.Co.,duetoits
employmentrelationsitcameacrossitsmostradicalproductofDOCKERSandintuff
timesforthecompany,theworkersandtheemployeesreadilyacceptedpaycuts
ratherthanprotestinglikeintheothercompanies.Anothersuchexampleisthatof
3M,investinginsavingtheenvironmentandpreventingpollutionultimatelyled3M
intoprofitsofmorethat500million$.WithsuchexamplesLundayconveysthe
messagethatdeliverwhatthesocietywantandthesocietywillgivewhatthe
companywants(Profits).
- ProfitableEthicalPrograms- JasonLunday
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Miltonhereexplainsustherelationbetweenathesocialresponsibilityofabusiness
andofanindividual,likeanindividualserveshisresponsibilityofmeetinghissocial
obligationsliketakingcareofitsfamily,doingcharity,forsomemaybeservingthe
nationsimilarlyBusinessisnotonlyaboutmakingprofitthruthebusinessactivities
butitalsohasasocialresponsibilitytowardssocietyofdeliveringwhatthesociety
wants,afterallitisthesocietythatservesthebusiness.
Apersonoperatingabusinessmustsometimeskeepasidehisbusinessmotivesand
fullfillthesocialobligationthebusinessowes,likenotincreasingthepriceintimes
ofinflationevenifitisnotitthecompaniesbestinterests,likeincurringmore
expendituretopreventpollutionevenifitsisnotprofitableforthecompany.Italso
acompany’sdutythatnottogetintounduegovernmentpracticessuchasbribing
foritsownbenefit,ornottouseitsCSRamerewaytopreventtaxes,Acompany
shouldfulfillitssocialobligationinfullfaithlikeanIndividualfulfillhis.
-TheSocialResponsibilityOfBusinessistoIncreaseitsProfits–MiltonFriedman
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Deckafterexaminingover70corporationshascometosomeconclusionssuchas
theSTAKEHOLDERSTheory,inwhichheexplainsthatmostofthesuccessful
companiesnownolongerconsidersshareholderasthemostimportantstake
holdersinthecompany,nowthecustomers,employeesandsuppliersarealso
equallyimportant.Asfarasethicsinworkplaceisconsidered,Deck,afteraresearch
inmorethan200corporateunderstoodthatitistheexplicitandtheimplicitfactors
thatdeterminetheworkethicsoracompany.Explicitelementsconsistofthethings,
whichanorganizationbelievesinanditrevolvesaroundthecorporatecode.This
corporatecodeservesavarietyofpurposesuchasimageenhancing,doingtheright
thing.
Analysisofthesecorporatecodesmadeitclearthattherearethreetypesofcodes,
‘Codeofethics’,‘Codeofconduct’,and‘Codeofpractice’.
Codeofethicsdefinesthepurposeofthecompany,itsstatementsofvaluesand
purpose.
CodeofPracticeistheillustrationthataffectsthedecisionmakerandtheworkingof
acompany.
AndCodeofConductstatesthatwhatanindividualmustormustnotdointhe
company.
-CorporateCodeandEthicsPrograms–MichaelC.Deck
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Methodology
TakinginconsiderationhowCoca-colaIndia,afterbeingcriticizedsomuchforitsunethicalpracticesin2006andtheproductbeingcondemnedbythepeople,howit
cameupagaintobeoneofthemostethicalcompaniesinIndiaandreceivingthe
goldenpeacockawardforCorporateSocialresponsibilityin2008.Itdidsomany
thingsaroundIndiatohelpthepeopleandpreserveitsnaturalresourceofwater.
ThisshowsthatacompanycanbecomeprofitableandsustaininamarketthruCSR,
itisnotonlytheproductwhichmattertothepublicbuttheoverallimpactofthe
product.
KeepinginmindhowCSRcanhelptosustainandmakeprofitsandgathering
informationandliteraturebydifferentauthorswiththehelpofEbscoand
PerspectiveinBusinessEthicsbyLauraPHartmanandtheirviewonthesimilar
topic.Thevariousliteraturesshowvariouswaystobesociallyresponsiblein
countriesandstillbeingprofitableandabletosustainthebusiness
TherearedifferentframeworkssuchastheInternalandExternaldriversbyWAYNE ,
thenthePedersen’sCongruencepyramidshowshowbigorganizationsshouldwork
withthesmallone.PedersenalsotellaboutthedifferentstagesofaPSDprogram.
ThepaperalsoincludestheframeworktoeradicatepovertythruFDIbyWinters.
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Conclusion
CokewasseverelycriticizedbyNGO’sandpeopleinIndiaforitsWastageofwater,anddestroyingthelandthrudischargingofchemicals,andusingpesticidesinits
drinks.Butcokecameclearofmostoftheallegationsandtodayitworkingwiththe
societyandrunningasuccessfulbusinessinthecountry.CokealsopromisedIndia
thatitwouldmaintainazerowaterbalancethatisitwillgivethecountryallthe
waterituses,anditisdoingitthroughrestoringmanywells,rechargingrainwater,
rainwaterharvesting,itisalsoeducatingthepoorchildren’sthruopeningschoolsin
theruralareandalsoeducatingpeopleabouttheuseofwateranditsimportance.
Todaycokehaswonmanyawardsforitscontributiontothesocietyandthe
companyintermsofprofitisdoingtremendouslywell.
Thisshowsthathowcriticizedyouarehowbadnamepeoplecangetyoubutyou
worktowardsthesocietycanmakeupallforit.
Therearemanywaystobesociallyresponsibleindevelopingcountries,likeWayne
withthehelpofdriversthataretheinternalandexternaldriversexplainshowwe
havetousethisdriversandworkwiththemtohelpthesociety.Pedersenshowhow
thebigcompaniesandorganizationshouldpartnerandworkincongruencewiththe
smallonestohelpthesocietyandasimilarargumentingivenbyPayne,Withthe
helpof JenkinsliteratureweunderstandhowFDIcanweusedasatooltopromote
socialactivities.
AlltheframeworksexplainedarewaytosustainthebusinesswithbeingSocially
Responsible.
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Bibliography
- CorporateSocialResponsibilityInDevelopingCountries–WayneVisser
- TheRoleofDevelopmentAgenciesinDrivingCorporateCitizenship-EsbenRahbek
Pedersen
- CorporateSocialResponsibilityinEmergingEconomies–JedrzejGeorgeFrynas(Greenleaf
Publishing,Winter2006)
- Globalization,CorporateSocialResponsibilityandpoverty-RhysJenkins(International
Affairs81,2005)
- Corporatesocialresponsibilityandsustainabledevelopment– A.Payne(JournalofPublic
AffairsAug-Nov2006)
- PerspectivesInBusinessEthics- pg.246,ThirdEdition,LauraP.Hartman,McGrawHill,
Singapore
- PerspectivesInBusinessEthics- pg.280,ThirdEdition,LauraP.Hartman,McGrawHill,
Singapore
- PerspectivesInBusinessEthics- pg.248,ThirdEdition,LauraP.Hartman,McGrawHill,
Singapore
- CocaColaIndia’sCorporateSocialResponsibilityStrategy –HadiyaFaheem
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