Ethernet FDDI 2012-05-29 Homepage 1

8/18/2019 Ethernet FDDI 2012-05-29 Homepage 1

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Lecture Computer Networks

Ethernet and FDDI

Prof. Dr. Hans Peter Großmann mit M. a!e" sowie

H. Hutschenreiter und #. Nau $ %ommersemester &'(& $

Institut f)r *r+anisation und Mana+ement ,on

Informationss-stemen

#homas Nau ki/


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e &

Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet

1 Histor- E,o"ution *,er,iew

1 *%I2Mode"

0 Ph-sica" La-er3 Codin+ %chemes

0 M4C2La-er3 C%M45CD 1 Ethernet Princip"es

0 6ersions and Parameters

0 #opo"o+ies

0 Communication Modes

0 Co""ision Domain

0 Framin+ 1 %tandards up to Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7

History - Ethernet and DIX Consortium

Creation of Ethernet

• !- Dr. o!ert Metca"fe

• at 8ero9 Corporation in Pa"o 4"to Ca"ifornia (:;7

• operated at &.: Consortium

• de,e"oped the standard for ('M!ps Ethernet (:?'

• thick mu"ti2drop coa9ia" ca!"e

IEEE ?'& standards (:?'

• IEEE ?'&.7 for Ethernet

• IEEE ?'&.< for #oken @us

• IEEE ?'&.A for #oken in+


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In the beginning

(:;B . Metca"fe presented Ethernet for the first time he used this dia+ram


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Evolution

Ethernet

('M!5s

FastEthernet

(''M!5s

Gi+a!itEthernet

('''M!5s

(:;7 (::?

(' Gi+a!itEthernet

(''''M!5s

&''&(::A(:?'


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e B

IEEE Standards

8 0 2 . 7 B r o a d b a n d T a g

8 0 2 . 8 F i b e r O p t i c T a g

L A N

W i r e l e s s

8 0 2 . 1 18 0 2 . 9

D Q D B

8 0 2 . 6

R i n g

8 0 2 . 48 0 2 . 3

E t h e r n e t

LAN B u s

T o k e n

8 0 2 . 1 B r i d g i n g

8 0 2 . 2 L o g i c a l L i n k8 0 2 . 1

S e c u r i t y O v e r v i e w

8 0 2 . 1 0

8 0 2 . 5

T o k e n

S e r v i c e s

I n t e g r a -

t e d


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Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"




0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e ?

OSI Layers

4pp"ication

Presentation

%ession

#ransport

Data Link

Network

Ph-sica"

LLC

M4C

PH

PMD


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Sub-Layers

LLC Lo+ica" Link Contro"

=de>mu"tip"e9in+ packets from the network"a-ers

M4C Media 4ccess Contro"

frame formats addressin+ sharin+ of themedium

PH ph-sica" medium independent "a-er

encodin+5decodin+ !its into pu"sess-nchroni/ation of the transcei,er c"ocks

PMD Ph-sica" Medium Dependent La-erhand"in+ with e"ectrica" components

LLC

M4C

PH

PMD


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Inter-Layer Connections

M4C

PH

PMD

M4C

PH

PMD

Frames

%-m!o"s

Pu"ses

(('(

(('((


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e ((

Bandidth Sharing !Hal" Du#le$ %ode&

For a !us or an- other ha"f dup"e9 topo"o+- a method for !andwidthsharin+ is mandator-.

In the de,e"opment da-s of the Ethernet the fo""owin+methods were tested3

Pure 4"oha

%"otted 4"oha

C%M4

C%M45CD


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e (&

CS%'(CD

Carrier %ense Mu"tip"e 4ccess with Co""ision Detection

• ait unti" medium is a,ai"a!"e

• medium must !e id"e for the Interframe Gap =IFG> time !efore

sendin+

• %tart transmission

• If a co""ision is detected whi"e transmittin+

• transmit a am si+na"• wait for a random time and retr- =up to (B times>

• Co""ision detection is done !- comparin+ transmitted andrecei,ed si+na"s


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CS%'(CD


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e (<

Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"




0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI


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Ethernet )ersions

#wo incompati!"e ,ersions3

• Ethernet II =DI8 2 consortium of the companies DEC Inte" and 8ero9>

• Ethernet ?'&.7 =standard of IEEE>

• PMD PH and M4C "a-ers are co,ered in the standardIEEE ?'&.7

• LLC 2 co,ered in the standard IEEE ?'&.&=+enera" standard not on"- for Ethernet>


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Ethernet II *rinci#les

• Fi9ed ('M!ps Manchester coded si+na"s

• C%M45CD used for !andwidth sharin+

• Frame si/e ran+e B< to(A(? !-tes

• #runcated !inar- !ack2off a"+orithm used for retransmission

• Litt"e2endian !it2order

• B< !it pream!"e at front and :.Bs de"a- !etween frames

• @us topo"o+-

• Ethernet is a passi,e network on"- transmittin+ stations can !e

detected


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e (;

E$am#le "or a Bus +o#ology !very obsolete by no&

('M!5s


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e (?

E$am#le "or a Star(+ree +o#ology

(''M!5s (''M!5s

(''M!5s

(''M!5s (''M!5s

(''M!5s('M!5s

(''M!5s ('M!5s (''M!5s

('M!5s


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e (:

E$am#le "or a Star +o#ology


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e &'

Hal"-du#le$ %ode

• %tations share a sin+"e Ethernet channe" !- usin+ a medium accesscontro" protoco" =see C%M45CD>

•

*n"- one station can send data o,er the channe" at an- +i,en time

• Disad,anta+e3 se+ment "en+th is "imited !- timin+ reuirementcaused !- reuirements of co""ision detection mechanism


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*hysical E$tension

• Ethernet cards detect co""isions on"- whi"e transmittin+. 4 co""isionthat occurs at the far end of the medium must reach the sender!efore it stops transmittin+.


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Collision Domain

epeater epeater


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Se#arate Collision Domains

epeater

%witch

epeater epeater


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Full-du#le$ %ode

• Point2to2point "inks o,er twisted pair or fi!er optic media

• @oth de,ices ma- send data at an- time

• Disa!"e the carrier sense function

•

Disa!"e co""ision detect• Disa!"e the "oopin+ !ack of transmitted data onto the recei,er

input

• 4d,anta+es3

• %e+ment "en+th is "imited !- the si+na"2carr-in+ capa!i"ities of the

se+ment media

• #he mu"tip"e access a"+orithm =C%M45CD> is unnecessar-

• %tandard IEEE ?'&.79


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Framing

• La-er & encapsu"ation

• @reakin+ the stream into fie"ds

• %tart and stop indicator fie"ds

• Namin+ or addressin+ fie"ds

• Data fie"ds

• ua"it- contro" fie"ds


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IEEE %'C 'ddress

I5G Indi,idua"5Group

J5L Jni,ersa"5Loca"

*JI *r+ani/ationa""- Jniue Identifier

specifies the manufacturer of the Ethernet card

I / G U/L

1 Bit1 Bit

OUI

22 Bit

assigned by OUI owner

24 Bit


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Ethernet II Frame

Pream!"e for s-nchroni/ation of the stations

#-pe specifies La-er 7 Protoco"FC% Frame Check %euence

Frame Header

FC%

=< @-te>

Data

=

Destination

4ddress

=B @-te>

Pream!"e

=? @-te>

%ource

4ddress

=B @-te>

#-pe

=& @-te>


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e &?

Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"


0 M4C2La-er3 C%M45CD

1 Ethernet Princip"es


0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e &:

Some o" the !very old& Standards "or ,%bit(s

%tandard2first re"eased

#opo"o+- Medium Ma9 Ca!"e%e+ment Kmha"f2dup"e9

fu""2dup"e9

('@aseA DI82(:?'?'&.72(:?7 @ussin+"e A' *hmcoa9ia" ca!"e =('mmthick> 2 thicknet

A''notsupported

('@ase& ?'&.7a2(:?A @us sin+"e A' *hm GA? coa9ia" ca!"e=Amm thick> 2 thinnet

(?A notsupported

('@ase2# ?'&.7i2(::' %tartwo pairs of ('' *hm

Cat7 or !etter J#Pca!"e

('' (''

('@ase2F ?'&.72(::7 %tar two optica" fi!res &''' &'''

(' stands for ('M!it5s

@ase stands for @ase!and

C N k $ E h d FDDI $ % &'(&P 7'


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7'

Standards "or ,%bit(s

%tandard2

first re"eased

#op. Medium Ma9 Ca!"e

%e+ment Kmha"f2

dup"e9

fu""2dup"e9

(''@ase2#8 ?'&.7u2(::A %tar two pairs of ('' *hmCatA J#P ca!"e

('' (''

(''@ase2F8 ?'&.7u2(::A %tar two optica" fi!res


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7(

Standards "or ,.bit(s

%tandard2firstre"eased

#op. Medium Ma9 Ca!"e%e+ment Kmha"f2dup"e9

fu""2dup"e9

('''@ase2L8 ?'&.7/2(::? %tar"on+ wa,e"en+th "aser3

2 B&.AGm mu"ti2mode fi!er

2 A'Gm mu"ti2mode fi!er

2 ('Gm sin+"e2mode fi!er

7(B

7(B

7(B

AA'

AA'

A'''

('''@ase2%8 ?'&.7/2

(::?

%tar short wa,e"en+th "aser32 B&.AGm mu"ti2mode fi!er

2 A'Gm mu"ti2mode fi!er

&;A

7(B

&;A

AA'

('''@ase2C8 ?'&.7/2(::?

%tar specia"t- shie"ded !a"ancedcopper Fumper ca!"eassem!"ies =Ntwina9O>

&A &A

('''@ase2# ?'&.7a!2

(:::

%tar four pairs of ('' *hm CatA or

!etter ca!"e ('' (''

C t N t k $ Eth t d FDDI $ % t &'(&Pa+e 7&


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Encodings used by the IEEE Standards

Ethernet Manchester codin+

Fast Ethernet (''@ase2F8 NI and and


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*arameters

('M@it5s (''M@it5s (G@it5s

nomina" @it #ime '( s ''( s '''( s

%"ot #imeK@it #imes

A(& A(&


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7<

Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"





0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7A


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.igabit Ethernet Standards

Media 4ccess Contro"=M4C>

fu"" dup"e9 5 ha"f dup"e9

Gi+a!it Media Independent Interface =GMII> optiona"

?@5('@

encodin+5decodin+

('''@4%E2#

encoder5decoder

('''@4%E2L8

LL

Fi!er *ptic

('''@4%E2%8

%L

Fi!er *ptic

('''@4%E2C8

%hie"ded

@a"anced Copper

('''@4%E2#

J#P

Cate+or- A

?'&.7/ ph-sica" "a-er ?'&.7a! ph-sica" "a-er

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7B


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%igration to .igabit Ethernet

• Gi+a!it Ethernet "ooks identica" to Ethernet from data "ink "a-erupwards

• Chan+es are made to ph-sica" interface

•

Gi+a!it Ethernet Ph-sica" Media 4ttachment =PM4> is identica" toFi!er Channe" PM4

• %tandard takes ad,anta+e of

• Hi+h speed ph-sica" interface of fi!er channe"

•

IEEE ?'&.7 Ethernet frame format• Fu"" or ha"f dup"e9 C%M45CD

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7;


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IEEE /0123 .igabit Ethernet

Jpper La-ers

Lo+ica" Link Contro" =LLC>

M4C

econci"iationeconci"iation

PC%PC%

PM4

PMD

PM4

PMD

Medium Medium

(''M!ps ('''M!ps

MII GMII

GMII3 Gi+a!it Media IndependentInterface

PM43 Ph-sica" Media 4ttachment

PMD3 Ph-sica" Media Dependent

econci"iation3 Mappin+ !etween30 Ph-sica" "a-er si+na"in+ primiti,es Q0 %i+na"s on GMII

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e 7?


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Frame Formats

. . . . . .

. . . .

. . . . . .

Pream!"e

D a t a L i n k L a - e r

E n c a p s u " a t i o n

%tart2of2Frame De"imiter

Destination

4ddress

%ource

4ddress

Len+th5#-pe

Data

Frame Check

%euence

; octets

( octet

B octets

B octets

& octets


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*roblems ith .igabit Ethernet

In ha"f2dup"e9 mode the ph-sica" e9tension wou"d 2 without further

measures 2 !e "ess than &' meters

eason3 dependence !etween minimum si/ed frames speed andph-sica" e9tension

#he minimum C%M45CD carrier time and the Ethernet s"ot timeha,e !een e9tended to A(& !-tes.

*ac4ets A(& !-tes are not modified

*ac4ets R A(& !-tes ha,e a carrier e9tension fie"d fo""owin+ the CC fie"d

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&+

Frame ith E$tension Field

Packets sma""er than A(& @-te wi"" !e e9tended with an additiona"

fie"d3

FC%=< @-te>

DataDestination 4ddress

=B @-te>

%ource 4ddress

=B @-te>

#-pe5Len+th=& @-te>

E$tension

A(& @-te



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p $ $+

*ac4et Bursting

Mechanism to impro,e the performance of the sma"" si/ed packets3

the de,ices are a""owed to send some sma"" packets to+ether

!ut a !urst "imit is defined too3

one transmission of a station must not !e "on+er than BAA7B !it

times

A(& @-te

Frame ( E9tension Frame & Frame 7 Frame n

Inter2Frame2Gaps



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p $ $+

Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"





0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI



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p $ $

)L'5s !)irtual Local 'rea 5etor4&

outer

6L4N 4

6L4N @

6L4N C

%witch%witch%witch

H H

HH

HHH

HH

H

HH

H3 Host



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Bene"its o" )L'5s

• Faci"itatin+ network administration

• 4""owin+ formation of work +roups

• Enhancin+ network securit-

• Pro,idin+ a means of "imitin+ !roadcast domains



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)L'5 Standards

• IEEE ?'&.7ac =(::?> defines frame format e9tensions to support6irtua" Loca" 4rea Network =6L4N> #a++in+ on Ethernetnetworks.

• IEEE ?'&.( defines the +enera" 6L4N protoco".



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)L'5 +ag

#he 6L4N protoco" permits the insertion of an identifier

or Sta+S into the Ethernet frame format to identif- the 6L4N to

which the frame !e"on+s. It a""ows frames from stations to !e

assi+ned to "o+ica" +roups.

FC%

=< @-te>

Data

=

Destination

4ddress

=B @-te>

%ource

4ddress

=B @-te>

Len+th5

#-pe?'&.(

#a+ #-pe

=& @-te>

-$/,--

#a+ Contro"

Information

=& @-te>

Len+th5

#-pe

=& @-te>



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Ethernet and FDDI

0 Ethernet


1 *%I2Mode"





0 #opo"o+ies


0 Co""ision Domain


1 Gi+a!it Ethernet

1 6L4N

0 FDDI



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FDDI !Fiber Distributed Data Inter"ace&

• (''M!ps !andwidth

• Jp to A'' stations in one network

• Jp to B'km !etween two stations

• #ota" "en+th &''km

• Guaranteed waitin+ time

• edundanc- in topo"o+-



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FDDI Summary

• Fi9ed (&AM!ps


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FDDI +o#ology

Dua" in+

in+ with #rees

#ree

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e A(


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FDDI Stations

primar- rin+D4%D4%

D4C

%4%%4%

@

@

@ 4

4

4

MM%%

D4%3 Dua" 4ttachment %tationD4C3 Dua" 4ttachment Concentrator %4%3 %in+"e 4ttachment %tation

43 Primar- Port@3 %econdar- PortM3 Master Port%3 %"a,e Port


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Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e A7


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FDDI Frame

%tartin+De"imiter =& s-m!o"s>

Information

=RT ?:AB>

Destination 4ddress

=(& s-m!o"s>

FrameContro"

=& s-m!o"s>

%ource 4ddress

=(& s-m!o"s>

Endin+De"imiter =( s-m!o">

Frame%tatus

=7 s-m!o"s>

Error Detected=( s-m!o">

FrameCopied

=( s-m!o">

4ddresseco+ni/ed

=( s-m!o">

C L F F

#-pe of Frame

Len+th of 4ddress'T(B!its (T


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'ccess %ethod

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e AA


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FDDI 'ccess %ethod

• #here are & t-pes of transfers3 s-nchronous and as-nchronous

• %-nchronous transfers can !e done whene,er the station +ets the

token was ne,er rea""- used

• 4s-nchronous traffic can !e started whene,er the station +ets a

token that is not "ate

• #he "ast frame is a"wa-s a""owed to comp"ete

•

#he token is immediate"- re"eased after transmission

• #he transmittin+ station remo,es its own data

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e AB


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+o4en 7elease %ethods

%

#okenFrame

Immediate e"ease

%

#oken Frame

De"a-ed e"ease

asted #ime

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e A;


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FDDI Error Detection

• 4 station suspects a fau"t in the rin+

• It starts sendin+ !eacon frames

• E,er- station that recei,es a !eacon frame stops sendin+ !eacons

• If a station recei,es its own !eacon e,er-thin+ is *U

• E"se the rin+ is !roken ri+ht !efore the station

• #he %M# takes action

Computer Networks $ Ethernet and FDDI $ %ommersemester &'(&Pa+e A?


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FDDI 7ing 6ra##ing and Hold

F E D

4 C@

wrappin+ resu"ts in partitions

F E D

4 C@

Ethernet FDDI 2012-05-29 Homepage 1

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