Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology · Estimating labor availability with an...

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Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology Unemployment rates across the nation have been declining as the recovery from the recession continues. South Dakota's current (October 2013) not seasonally adjusted unemployment rate is 3.4 percent, compared to the national rate of 7.0 percent. South Dakota typically has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation. We currently rank second, behind North Dakota, which has typically claimed the lowest rate in the nation since the oil boom hit. With our low unemployment rates in South Dakota, it is often assumed there are few jobs available in South Dakota. And if there are, workers may not be readily available to fill these positions. However, the unemployment rate in and of itself does not provide the whole story regarding the available workforce; estimates of available workers are heavily influenced by the willingness of workers to change jobs. Decisions regarding willingness to change jobs are usually related to wages, fringe benefits, hours and working conditions. Most workers willing to change jobs could be referred to as the underemployed. The underemployed includes persons working full-time or part-time jobs who earn below their earning capacity or level of competence. Underemployment has also been defined as "involuntary part-time" employment or employment of a person on a part-time basis when full-time work is desired. In 2000, the Labor Market Information Center (LMIC) created a data model to gauge the level of underemployed. This data model factors in those without jobs, workers who live in the area and persons who commute into the South Dakota to work. Monthly 'labor supply' estimates by county have since been published to assist in estimating the level of available labor for South Dakota. When the labor supply model was first developed, the main inputs included a variety of decennial data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Also included was data produced through the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) and Current Employment Statistics (CES) programs, which are administered by the LMIC in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Over time, the model methodology evolved as more sophisticated data sources became available from the U.S. Census Bureau through its Local Employment Dynamics (LED) program. The current methodology includes data inputs from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (also referred to as the Nonfarm Wage and Salaried Workers data), Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program and the Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data developed by the Census Bureau through the LED program. A recent review of the various QWI data elements available resulted with questions regarding whether the most appropriate 'new hires' variable was being used within the model to calculate the most representative estimate of the labor supply. The new hire data is incorporated into the data model to estimate how many workers are willing to change jobs, which combined with the current level of unemployed, provides an estimate of available labor. Because several different 'hire' and 'employment' indicators are available from the LED program, identifying the most November 2013 Labor Market Information Center SD Department of Labor & Regulation South Dakota e-Labor Bulletin November 2013 Page 1 of 24

Transcript of Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology · Estimating labor availability with an...

Page 1: Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology · Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology Unemployment rates across the nation have been declining as

Estimating labor availability with an improved methodology

Unemployment rates across the nation have been declining as the recovery from the recession continues. South Dakota's current (October 2013) not seasonally adjusted unemployment rate is 3.4 percent, compared to the national rate of 7.0 percent. South Dakota typically has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation. We currently rank second, behind North Dakota, which has typically claimed the lowest rate in the nation since the oil boom hit.

With our low unemployment rates in South Dakota, it is often assumed there are few jobs available in South Dakota. And if there are, workers may not be readily available to fill these positions. However, theunemployment rate in and of itself does not provide the whole story regarding the available workforce; estimates of available workers are heavily influenced by the willingness of workers to change jobs.

Decisions regarding willingness to change jobs are usually related to wages, fringe benefits, hours and working conditions. Most workers willing to change jobs could be referred to as the underemployed. The underemployed includes persons working full-time or part-time jobs who earn below their earning capacity orlevel of competence. Underemployment has also been defined as "involuntary part-time" employment or employment of a person on a part-time basis when full-time work is desired.

In 2000, the Labor Market Information Center (LMIC) created a data model to gauge the level ofunderemployed. This data model factors in those without jobs, workers who live in the area and persons who commute into the South Dakota to work. Monthly 'labor supply' estimates by county have since been published to assist in estimating the level of available labor for South Dakota.

When the labor supply model was first developed, the main inputs included a variety of decennial data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Also included was data produced through the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) and Current Employment Statistics (CES) programs, which are administered by the LMIC in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Over time, the model methodology evolved as more sophisticated data sources became available from the U.S. Census Bureau through its Local Employment Dynamics (LED) program.

The current methodology includes data inputs from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (also referred to as the Nonfarm Wage and Salaried Workers data), Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program and the Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data developed by the Census Bureau through the LED program.

A recent review of the various QWI data elements available resulted with questions regarding whether the most appropriate 'new hires' variable was being used within the model to calculate the most representativeestimate of the labor supply.

The new hire data is incorporated into the data model to estimate how many workers are willing to change jobs, which combined with the current level of unemployed, provides an estimate of available labor. Because several different 'hire' and 'employment' indicators are available from the LED program, identifying the most

November 2013

Labor Market Information Center SD Department of Labor & Regulation

South Dakota e-Labor Bulletin November 2013

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appropriate data sets can be a challenge, as they are all useful for different purposes.

The QWI data element most currently used in the model to estimate the number of workers willing to change jobs is 'HirN', which represents an estimate of new hires that includes stable, seasonal and temporaryemployment. Seasonal and temporary employment components by nature tend to be cyclical. Therefore, use of the 'HirN' in the data model overstates the churning level within the labor market, as the labor supply model was intended to measure the number of workers seeking stable employment, rather than seasonal ortemporary employment.

An alternate measure is being incorporated into the data model to better reflect the intent of the labor supply model. The QWI measure 'HirNS' variable estimates the number of stable jobs - workers who started a job they had not held within the past year and the job turned into a job that lasted at least a full quarter with a given employer.

Therefore, the variables HirNS (hires new stable) and EmpS (full-quarter employment stable) are now incorporated in the data model, to estimate new hire rates and provide a more defined indicator of the relativeshare of 'nonfarm workers who may be willing to change jobs'. This model change is reflected within the October 2013 labor supply estimates published in this issue of the South Dakota e-Labor Bulletin and will be used going forward.

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Overview of the labor market in October

Labor Supply

The number of South Dakotans who would be available to staff a new or expanding business, or SouthDakota's labor supply, was estimated at 52,025 in October 2013. Included in this labor supply are those who currently hold jobs (and would like to change) and those who, for a variety of reasons, do not have jobs. Please note: Beginning this month, a new methodology is being adopted for estimating labor supply. To learn more about the improved methodology which incorporates the most appropriate and recent data inputs available, see the article above.

South Dakota Labor SupplyOctober 2013

Labor Force

This data is seasonally adjusted.

Preliminary estimates show the October 2013 South Dakota labor force unchanged over the month, with the level of employed increasing by 100 (0.0 percent). The level of unemployed decreased by 100 (0.6 percent). The unemployment rate remained at 3.7 percent.

Nationally, both the number of unemployed persons, at 11.3 million, and the unemployment rate, at 7.3 percent, changed little in October.

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South Dakota's October 2013 labor force of 449,400 increased compared to the October 2012 level of 446,100. The level of employed increased by 6,100 (1.4 percent); the level of unemployed decreased by 2,800 persons (14.4 percent).

South Dakota Unemployment Rates by CountyNot seasonally adjusted

October 2013

Notes about labor force data

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a percent of the labor force. People are classified as unemployed if they do not have jobs, have actively looked for work in the prior four weeks and are currently available for work. People who were not working and were waiting to be recalled to jobs from which they were temporarily laid off are also included as unemployed.

Labor force estimates for South Dakota are produced by the Labor Market Information Center in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The concepts and definitions underlying the labor force data come from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the household survey which is the official measure of the labor force for the nation. The statewide estimate of the number of nonfarm jobs is a component of the model used to produce the labor force estimates. Other data used in this model include the number of continued unemployment insurance claims and survey data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) which is specific to the state.

Although state specific data is used in the production of the labor force estimates for South Dakota, the state monthly model estimates are controlled in "real time" to sum to national monthly labor force estimates fromthe CPS. Therefore, variation in the estimates of the employed and unemployed are somewhat controlled by what is happening nationally.

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South Dakota Nonfarm Wage & Salaried Workers by Industry

This data is not seasonally adjusted.

Over-the-month comparisons

Based on a monthly survey of South Dakota establishments, preliminary estimates show the nonfarm wage and salaried worker level is 423,700 for October, decreasing by 2,800 (0.7 percent) compared to the final September estimate of 426,500.

Educational and health services increased by 1,000 workers (1.5 percent). Leisure and hospitality had an decrease of 3,300 workers (6.8 percent). Mining, logging and construction lost 600 workers (2.6 percent). Trade, transportation and utilities decreased by 500 workers (0.6 percent). Worker decreases are typical for this time of the year when summer events have ended.

There were many events in October that impacted business activity in these industries, such as Oktoberfest, Harvest Festival, Wild West Songwriters Festival, Pumpkin Festival, Black Hills Pow Wow and the Black Hills Grand Outdoors Sports and Recreation Show. There was also a large snowstorm that happened in the earlypart of the month in Rapid City and surrounding areas. October is also the start of the hunting season for the state.

Over-the-year comparisons

The nonfarm wage and salaried worker level increased by 4,400 (1.0 percent) when comparing the October 2012 level of 419,300 to the October 2013 level of 423,700.

Industries adding the most workers included leisure and hospitality; trade, transportation and utilities; andeducational and health services. The leisure and hospitality sector added 1,100 workers (2.5 percent), for a total of 45,400 in October 2013, up from the October 2012 level of 44,300. The trade, transportation and utilities industry continues to trend upward, with an increase of 1,300 workers (1.6 percent) in October 2013.

The educational and health services sector added 1,000 workers (1.5 percent) over the year to a level of 69,000 in October 2013 compared to 68,000 in October 2012. Growth in this sector is driven largely by the continued demand for healthcare services.

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Competing claims exist for Thanksgiving Day’s roots, but one of the most well-known grade-school accounts occurred in Plymouth Colony (present-day Massachusetts), where colonists and Wampanoag Indians gathered to give thanks during a three-day feast.

More than 200 years later, President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation setting aside the last Thursday in November as a national day of thanksgiving. For more than three-quarters of a century, subsequent presidents issued Thanksgiving proclamations for the same Thursday. However, in 1939 the final Thursday fell on the last day of the month. Many people waited until after Thanksgiving to begin their holiday shopping, which meant there would be only 24 shopping days before Christmas. Retailers feared this limited window would lead to lower sales in an economy already suffering from the decade-long Great Depression. In response, President Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed the second-to-last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day. About half the states refused to recognize the non-traditional date and continued to celebrate Thanksgiving on the last Thursday. States remained divided for the next two years. In the three-year span, the extra week did not deliver a significant expansion of retail sales. In December of 1941, Congress settled the matter by passing a law that officially made Thanksgiving Day a national holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.

This year Thanksgiving is almost as late in November as it was in 1939. These days, many retailers have taken a different route in an attempt to draw in more customers by starting sales on Thanksgiving Day. Yet at its heart, Thanksgiving is still a time for family and friends to gather, celebrate, dine and reflect on the things for which they are thankful.

If you are hosting the Thanksgiving feast in 2013, it will cost you almost one percent less than last year, according to an informal survey by the American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF). The cost of the fall feast for 10 people decreased to $49.04 from $49.48 over the year. The table lists the foods and prices the AFBF used to prepare its traditional Thanksgiving feast.

Item2013 Price

2012 Price Change

Percent Change

16-pound turkey $21.76 $22.23 -$0.47 -2.1%

Milk, 1 gallon whole $3.66 $3.59 $0.07 1.9%

Sweet potatoes, 3 lbs. $3.36 $3.15 $0.21 6.7%

Misc. ingredients $3.20 $3.18 $0.02 0.6%

Pumpkin pie mix, 30-oz. $3.10 $3.02 $0.08 2.6%

Cubed stuffing, 14 oz. $2.67 $2.77 -$0.10 -3.6%

Pie shells (2) $2.49 $2.51 -$0.02 -0.8%

Fresh cranberries, 12 oz. $2.42 $2.45 -$0.03 -1.2%

Rolls, 12 $2.18 $2.33 -$0.15 -6.4%

Whipping cream, ½ pint $1.85 $1.83 $0.02 1.1%

Green peas, 1 lb. $1.54 $1.66 -$0.12 -7.2%

1-pound relish tray (carrots and celery) $0.81 $0.76 $0.05 6.6%

TOTAL $49.04 $49.48 -$0.44 -0.9%

Cost of Thanksgiving Dinner for 10 people, plus leftoversThanksgiving Feast-ivities

Source: American Farm Bureau Federation Survey, 2013

Stuff yourself with Thanksgiving-related Economic and Labor Market Bites

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A 16-pound turkey struts in at $21.76 in 2013 (down 2.1 percent from 2012). It gobbles up slightly less than half of the Thanksgiving dinner expenses as shown in the following chart.

AFBF began conducting its informal price survey in 1986. To ensure consistent price comparisons, the menu for the dinner has remained the same

since the survey began. This year the bureau asked 167 volunteer shoppers from 34 states to look for the best prices. Participants did not use coupons or partake in special promotions (like receiving a free turkey by spending a certain amount on other items). For more information on AFBF’s survey, visit http://www.fb.org/index.php?action=newsroom.news&year=2013&file=nr1114.html.

Talking Turkey and Giving Thanks in South DakotaAccording to the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, the turkey industry in the United States raised 254 million turkeys in 2012, up 2 percent from the previous year. South Dakota’s eastern neighbor, Minnesota, raised 46 million turkeys, the most for any state in 2012. South Dakota raised 4.6 million turkeys, placing it among the top 11 turkey-producing states.

Let’s take time to give thanks to a few of the South Dakota industries that contribute to Thanksgiving celebrations. The following numbers of establishments and employees are from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), based on workers covered by unemployment insurance in the state. It excludes self-employed and unpaid family workers. Establishments are privately owned. The data are the annual averages for 2012.

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Give thanksThe U.S. Census Bureau website has more economic-related Thanksgiving facts for your perusal.

dlr.sd.govAuxiliary aids and services available upon request to individuals with disabilities. State and federal laws require the Department of Labor and Regulation to provide services to all qualified persons without regard to race, color, creed, religion, age, sex, ancestry, national origin, or disability.

We give thanks for:

The food:

Supermarkets and other grocery storesEstablishments: 191Employees: 7,879

Poultry and egg productionEstablishments: 6Employees: 176

Restaurants and other eating placesEstablishments: 1,324Employees: 24,912

The places that provide food to those in need:

Community food servicesEstablishments: 61Employees: 213

The appliances used to prepare dinner, clean up and store leftovers:

Household appliance storesEstablishments: 55Employees: 384

The furniture where friends and family gather, celebrate, eat, relax and nap:Furniture storesEstablishments: 86Employees: 851

The televisions tuned into the parade, football games and/or TV or movie marathons:

Electronic storesEstablishments: 151Employees: 1,246

The places that make travel possible for families and friends:Gasoline stationsEstablishments: 604Employees: 5,902

Scheduled Passenger Air TransportationEstablishments: 10Employees: 162

Support Activities for Air TransportationEstablishments: 28Employees: 289

Traveler accommodationEstablishments: 462Employees: 8,000

Happy Thanksgiving from the Labor Market Information Center and the South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation!

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South DakotaNonfarm Worker Levels

Not Seasonally Adjusted

Industries October 2013

September 2013

October 2012

% ChgLast

Month

% ChgLast Year

TOTAL 423,700 426,500 419,300 -0.7 1.0Total Private 344,000 347,400 340,400 -1.0 1.1Goods Producing 64,100 64,700 64,200 -0.9 -0.2Service Providing 359,600 361,800 355,100 -0.6 1.3Private Service Providing 279,900 282,700 276,200 -1.0 1.3Mining/Logging/Construction 22,100 22,700 22,200 -2.6 -0.5Manufacturing 42,000 42,000 42,000 0.0 0.0Trade/Transportation/Utilities 85,000 85,500 83,700 -0.6 1.6 Wholesale Trade 19,700 19,600 19,700 0.5 0.0 Retail Trade 52,600 53,100 51,400 -0.9 2.3

Transportation/Warehousing/Utilities12,700 12,800 12,600 -0.8 0.8

Information 6,100 6,100 6,000 0.0 1.7Financial Activities 29,500 29,500 29,300 0.0 0.7Professional Business Services 29,000 28,900 29,000 0.3 0.0Education/Health Service 69,000 68,000 68,000 1.5 1.5 Educational Services 7,700 7,200 7,700 6.9 0.0 Health Care/Social Assistance 61,300 60,800 60,300 0.8 1.7Leisure/Hospitality 45,400 48,700 44,300 -6.8 2.5Other Services 15,900 16,000 15,900 -0.6 0.0Government 79,700 79,100 78,900 0.8 1.0 Federal 10,900 11,100 11,400 -1.8 -4.4 State 19,200 19,200 19,100 0.0 0.5 State Education 10,200 10,200 10,200 0.0 0.0 Local 49,600 48,800 48,400 1.6 2.5 Local Education 28,100 26,500 25,900 6.0 8.5

2013 data is preliminary and subject to revision. Data may not sum to totals because of rounding.Produced in cooperation with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Rapid City Metropolitan Statistical AreaNonfarm Worker Levels

Not Seasonally Adjusted

Industries October 2013 September 2013 October 2012% Chg

Last Month% Chg

Last YearRapid City MSA Total 61,400 63,200 62,200 -2.8 -1.3Total Private 50,800 52,900 51,400 -4.0 -1.2Goods Producing 7,200 7,200 7,100 0.0 1.4Service Providing 54,200 56,000 55,100 -3.2 -1.6Private Service Providing 43,600 45,700 44,300 -4.6 -1.6Mining/Logging/Construction 4,400 4,400 4,400 0.0 0.0Manufacturing 2,800 2,800 2,700 0.0 3.7Trade/Transportation/Utilities 11,700 12,300 12,400 -4.9 -5.6-Wholesale Trade 1,800 1,900 2,000 -5.3 -10.0-Retail Trade 8,400 8,800 8,800 -4.5 -4.5-Transportation/Warehousing/Utilities 1,500 1,600 1,600 -6.3 -6.3Information 800 800 900 0.0 -11.1Financial Activities 3,800 3,800 3,800 0.0 0.0Professional/Business Services 5,100 5,100 5,000 0.0 2.0Educational/Health Services 10,600 10,600 10,400 0.0 1.9Leisure/Hospitality 8,600 10,100 8,900 -14.9 -3.4Other Services 3,000 3,000 2,900 0.0 3.4Government 10,600 10,300 10,800 2.9 -1.9

2013 data is preliminary and subject to revision. Data may not sum to totals because of rounding.Seasonally adjusted nonfarm data has been revised for years 1990-2012.Produced in cooperation with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Sioux Falls Metropolitan Statistical AreaNonfarm Worker Levels

Not Seasonally Adjusted

Industries October 2013 September 2013 October 2012% Chg

Last Month% Chg

Last YearSioux Falls MSA Total 144,600 144,300 142,500 0.2 1.5Total Private 130,800 130,700 129,100 0.1 1.3Goods Producing 21,000 21,000 20,400 0.0 2.9Service Providing 123,600 123,300 122,100 0.2 1.2Private Service Providing 109,800 109,700 108,700 0.1 1.0Mining/Logging/Construction 7,400 7,500 7,100 -1.3 4.2Manufacturing 13,600 13,500 13,300 0.7 2.3Trade/Transportation/Utilities 30,700 30,400 29,900 1.0 2.7-Wholesale Trade 7,500 7,400 7,300 1.4 2.7-Retail Trade 18,200 18,000 17,600 1.1 3.4-Transportation/Warehousing/Utilities 5,000 5,000 5,000 0.0 0.0Information 2,700 2,700 2,700 0.0 0.0Financial Activities 16,600 16,500 16,100 0.6 3.1Professional/Business Services 13,000 12,800 13,400 1.6 -3.0Educational/Health Services 29,800 29,200 29,100 2.1 2.4Leisure/Hospitality 12,300 13,400 12,800 -8.2 -3.9Other Services 4,700 4,700 4,700 0.0 0.0Government 13,800 13,600 13,400 1.5 3.0

2013 data is preliminary and subject to revision. Data may not sum to totals because of rounding.Not seasonally adjusted nonfarm data has been revised for years 2011 and 2012.Produced in cooperation with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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South Dakota Statistical AreasNonfarm Worker Levels

Not Seasonally Adjusted

Areas October 2013 October 2012Aberdeen MiSA 23,575 23,010Brookings MiSA 19,855 19,100Huron MiSA 9,040 9,025Mitchell MiSA 14,160 13,790Pierre MiSA 12,470 12,370Spearfish MiSA 11,780 11,835Vermillion MiSA 7,275 7,460Watertown MiSA 18,585 18,325Yankton MiSA 13,240 13,055Rapid City MSA 61,400 62,200Sioux Falls MSA 144,600 142,500Dewey-Ziebach LMA 2,640 2,670Aurora County 900 880Bennett County 900 940Bon Homme County 1,840 1,805Brule County 2,350 2,395Buffalo County 575 545Butte County 2,965 2,860Campbell County 450 445Charles Mix County 3,555 3,535Clark County 1,040 975Corson County 910 875Custer County 2,630 2,620Day County 1,995 1,975Deuel County 1,540 1,660Douglas County 1,210 1,165Fall River County 2,695 2,735Faulk County 620 600Grant County 3,805 3,670Gregory County 1,575 1,540Haakon County 760 760Hand County 1,250 1,230Harding County 445 450Hutchinson County 2,775 2,725Hyde County 525 535Jackson County 745 740Jerauld County 1,600 1,535Jones County 445 465Kingsbury County 1,980 2,010Lake County 5,225 5,065Lyman County 1,645 1,635McPherson County 640 655Marshall County 1,550 1,480Mellette County 360 365Miner County 760 755Moody County 2,270 2,180Perkins County 1,110 1,090Potter County 860 875Roberts County 3,740 3,735

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Sanborn County 665 670Shannon County 4,140 4,135Spink County 2,360 2,355Sully County 550 525Todd County 3,095 3,030Tripp County 2,115 2,095Union County 9,475 9,275Walworth County 2,445 2,365

2013 data is preliminary and subject to revision. Data may not sum to totals because of rounding.Not seasonally adjusted nonfarm data has been revised for years 2011 and 2012.Seasonally adjusted nonfarm data has been revised for years 1990-2012.

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South DakotaLabor Supply

October 2013

South Dakota 52,025 Hanson County 220Rapid City MSA 7,765 Harding County 100Sioux Falls MSA 14,655 Hughes County 1,125Aurora County 160 Hutchinson County 290Beadle County 1,000 Hyde County 110Bennett County 200 Jackson County 215Bon Homme County 275 Jerauld County 170Brookings County 2,330 Jones County 85Brown County 2,270 Kingsbury County 260Brule County 340 Lake County 655Buffalo County 305 Lawrence County 1,605Butte County 490 Lyman County 265Campbell County 105 McPherson County 125Charles Mix County 485 Marshall County 240Clark County 180 Mellette County 175Clay County 1,225 Miner County 145Codington County 1,680 Moody County 360Corson County 240 Perkins County 150Custer County 505 Potter County 130Davison County 1,390 Roberts County 530Day County 305 Sanborn County 100Deuel County 240 Shannon County 1,250Dewey County 665 Spink County 320Douglas County 135 Stanley County 265Edmunds County 235 Sully County 95Fall River County 465 Todd County 845Faulk County 115 Tripp County 280Grant County 430 Union County 990Gregory County 200 Walworth County 320Haakon County 95 Yankton County 1,400Hamlin County 355 Ziebach County 185Hand County 180

Source: Labor Supply data is produce by the Labor Market Information Center of the South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation

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United States & South DakotaSeasonally Adjusted

Labor ForceOctober

2013*October

2012Areas Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate

United States 154,839,000 143,568,000 11,272,000 7.3% 155,576,000 143,328,000 12,248,000 7.9%South Dakota 449,400 432,700 16,700 3.7% 446,100 426,600 19,500 4.4%

Produced in cooperation with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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South Dakota & CountiesNot Seasonally Adjusted

Labor ForceOctober

2013October

2012Areas Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate

SOUTH DAKOTA 450,240 434,995 15,245 3.4 449,525 431,625 17,900 4.0Aurora County 1,590 1,550 40 2.5 1,655 1,605 50 3.0Beadle County 9,935 9,625 310 3.1 10,015 9,705 310 3.1Bennett County 1,380 1,315 65 4.7 1,480 1,405 75 5.1Bon Homme County 2,935 2,825 110 3.7 3,005 2,870 135 4.5Brookings County 19,735 19,170 565 2.9 19,270 18,625 645 3.3Brown County 21,475 20,840 635 3.0 21,350 20,645 705 3.3Brule County 2,830 2,745 85 3.0 2,855 2,770 85 3.0Buffalo County 550 485 65 12.1 570 485 85 15.2Butte County 5,305 5,125 180 3.4 5,320 5,100 220 4.1Campbell County 845 810 35 3.9 845 815 30 3.8Charles Mix County 4,065 3,890 175 4.3 4,130 3,920 210 5.0Clark County 1,950 1,890 60 3.1 1,935 1,865 70 3.7Clay County 7,605 7,355 250 3.3 7,845 7,555 290 3.7Codington County 16,470 16,010 460 2.8 16,295 15,765 530 3.2Corson County 1,380 1,290 90 6.4 1,430 1,330 100 7.0Custer County 4,620 4,420 200 4.4 4,775 4,580 195 4.1Davison County 11,865 11,555 310 2.6 11,635 11,280 355 3.1Day County 2,775 2,655 120 4.4 2,830 2,685 145 5.1Deuel County 2,555 2,465 90 3.6 2,755 2,645 110 4.0Dewey County 2,630 2,310 320 12.1 2,700 2,365 335 12.4Douglas County 1,780 1,735 45 2.6 1,820 1,765 55 3.0Edmunds County 2,005 1,945 60 3.0 1,995 1,930 65 3.3Fall River County 3,580 3,435 145 4.1 3,615 3,445 170 4.7Faulk County 1,165 1,130 35 3.1 1,170 1,130 40 3.6Grant County 4,095 3,955 140 3.4 4,070 3,905 165 4.1Gregory County 2,385 2,315 70 2.9 2,445 2,365 80 3.3Haakon County 1,150 1,120 30 2.7 1,170 1,135 35 3.2Hamlin County 3,010 2,920 90 3.0 2,980 2,875 105 3.5Hand County 1,895 1,840 55 2.9 1,950 1,895 55 2.9Hanson County 1,875 1,815 60 3.2 1,850 1,775 75 4.0Harding County 810 785 25 3.0 860 830 30 3.4Hughes County 10,155 9,880 275 2.7 10,235 9,910 325 3.2Hutchinson County 3,800 3,690 110 2.9 3,835 3,710 125 3.3Hyde County 720 695 25 3.5 760 735 25 3.5Jackson County 1,195 1,125 70 5.9 1,215 1,135 80 6.7Jerauld County 1,500 1,465 35 2.2 1,595 1,560 35 2.1Jones County 645 625 20 2.9 675 650 25 3.6Kingsbury County 3,130 3,045 85 2.7 3,160 3,065 95 3.0Lake County 6,880 6,645 235 3.4 6,735 6,495 240 3.5Lawrence County 12,685 12,240 445 3.5 12,860 12,325 535 4.2Lincoln County 27,240 26,525 715 2.6 26,755 25,915 840 3.1Lyman County 2,005 1,935 70 3.5 2,015 1,920 95 4.8McCook County 2,780 2,705 75 2.8 2,750 2,645 105 3.8McPherson County 1,115 1,070 45 4.0 1,130 1,080 50 4.4Marshall County 2,180 2,095 85 3.9 2,155 2,060 95 4.4Meade County 12,385 11,905 480 3.9 12,430 11,915 515 4.1

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Mellette County 875 815 60 6.7 885 815 70 7.7Miner County 1,140 1,095 45 3.8 1,180 1,130 50 4.4Minnehaha County 101,090 98,125 2,965 2.9 99,620 95,860 3,760 3.8Moody County 3,970 3,820 150 3.8 3,885 3,700 185 4.8Pennington County 54,085 52,135 1,950 3.6 54,475 52,170 2,305 4.2Perkins County 1,545 1,495 50 3.2 1,545 1,490 55 3.7Potter County 1,245 1,200 45 3.5 1,270 1,225 45 3.5Roberts County 4,875 4,675 200 4.1 4,940 4,710 230 4.6Sanborn County 1,365 1,330 35 2.5 1,365 1,325 40 2.9Shannon County 3,955 3,460 495 12.6 4,090 3,530 560 13.7Spink County 3,295 3,195 100 3.1 3,385 3,270 115 3.3Stanley County 2,015 1,960 55 2.7 2,015 1,965 50 2.5Sully County 1,070 1,045 25 2.2 1,080 1,055 25 2.2Todd County 3,535 3,225 310 8.7 3,500 3,160 340 9.7Tripp County 2,850 2,755 95 3.3 2,945 2,830 115 3.9Turner County 4,420 4,295 125 2.8 4,335 4,195 140 3.2Union County 8,665 8,350 315 3.6 8,490 8,080 410 4.8Walworth County 2,715 2,610 105 3.8 2,675 2,555 120 4.5Yankton County 11,825 11,450 375 3.2 11,810 11,365 445 3.8Ziebach County 1,050 990 60 5.9 1,090 1,010 80 7.3

The South Dakota labor force statistics are produced by the LMIC in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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South Dakota AreasNot Seasonally Adjusted

Labor ForceOctober

2013*October

2012Areas Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate

Rapid City MSA 66,470 64,040 2,430 3.7 66,905 64,085 2,820 4.2Sioux Falls MSA 135,530 131,650 3,880 2.9 133,455 128,610 4,845 3.6Aberdeen MiSA 23,485 22,790 695 3.0 23,345 22,575 770 3.3Brookings MiSA 19,735 19,170 565 2.9 19,270 18,625 645 3.3Huron MiSA 9,935 9,625 310 3.1 10,015 9,705 310 3.1Mitchell MiSA 13,740 13,370 370 2.7 13,485 13,055 430 3.2Pierre MiSA 12,170 11,840 330 2.7 12,245 11,870 375 3.1Spearfish MiSA 12,685 12,240 445 3.5 12,860 12,325 535 4.2Vermillion MiSA 7,605 7,355 250 3.3 7,845 7,555 290 3.7Watertown MiSA 19,480 18,935 545 2.8 19,280 18,645 635 3.3Yankton MiSA 11,825 11,450 375 3.2 11,810 11,365 445 3.8Dewey-Ziebach LMA 3,675 3,295 380 10.4 3,790 3,375 415 11.0

The South Dakota labor force statistics are produced by the LMIC in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Statewide and substate labor force data for 2008- 2012 has been revised.

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South Dakota CitiesNot Seasonally Adjusted

Labor ForceOctober 2013*

Areas Labor Force Employment Unemployment RateAberdeen City 15,475 14,980 495 3.2%Brookings City 13,830 13,405 425 3.1%Huron City 7,220 6,985 235 3.3%Mitchell City 9,250 8,995 255 2.8%Pierre City 8,285 8,050 235 2.8%Rapid City City 36,140 34,750 1,390 3.8%Sioux Falls City 92,625 89,860 2,765 3.0%Sioux Falls City - Lincoln 13,055 12,705 350 2.7%Sioux Falls City - Minnehaha 79,570 77,155 2,415 3.0%Spearfish City 5,140 4,935 205 4.0%Vermillion City 5,970 5,765 205 3.5%Watertown City 12,970 12,605 365 2.8%Yankton City 7,635 7,375 260 3.4%

*Data is preliminary and subject to revision. Data may not sum to totals because of rounding. Produced in cooperation with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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South DakotaAnnualized Pay of Covered Workers

April 2012 to March 2013*

Statewide $36,618 Hutchinson County $28,853Rapid City MSA $35,840 Hyde County $34,214Sioux Falls MSA $41,150 Jackson County $26,478Aurora County $27,597 Jerauld County $29,508Beadle County $33,961 Jones County $23,851Bennett County $26,295 Kingsbury County $30,584Bon Homme County $28,620 Lake County $33,250Brookings County $36,476 Lawrence County $30,442Brown County $36,312 Lincoln County $40,570Brule County $26,611 Lyman County $25,625Buffalo County $34,919 McCook County $29,001Butte County $29,803 McPherson County $24,615Campbell County $28,351 Marshall County $31,940Charles Mix County $28,607 Meade County $34,500Clark County $27,956 Mellette County $22,176Clay County $31,647 Miner County $29,438Codington County $34,389 Minnehaha County $41,590Corson County $31,707 Moody County $33,265Custer County $29,894 Pennington County $36,007Davison County $33,944 Perkins County $26,942Day County $27,873 Potter County $30,329Deuel County $35,168 Roberts County $29,248Dewey County $31,734 Sanborn County $27,592Douglas County $29,624 Shannon County $35,009Edmunds County $32,783 Spink County $31,437Fall River County $30,972 Stanley County $30,394Faulk County $30,615 Sully County $29,239Grant County $33,607 Todd County $33,273Gregory County $26,408 Tripp County $30,061Haakon County $30,358 Turner County $29,069Hamlin County $30,000 Union County $46,207Hand County $29,036 Walworth County $28,568Hanson County $30,975 Yankton County $34,847Harding County $36,187 Ziebach County $34,662Hughes County $36,703

*This data is updated quarterly.

Source: Produced by the SD Department of Labor and Regulation, LMIC,in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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South Dakota Local Office Activities

October 2012 -September 2013

October 2011 -September 2012

% ChgLast Year

ActivitiesJob Seekers 88,999 90,732 -1.9%Entered Employments 28,837 30,825 -6.4%Job Openings Received 80,734 82,240 -1.8%

Source: Produced by Workforce Services and the South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation

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South Dakota Department of Labor And Regulation Unemployment Insurance Activities

October2013

September2013

October2012

% ChgLast Month

% ChgLast Year

Unemployment Insurance ActivitiesInitial Claims 1,397 859 1,546 62.6% -9.6%Weeks Claimed 5,916 6,160 7,360 -4.0% -19.6%Amount of Benefit Payments $1,117,152 $1,194,772 $1,579,409 -6.5% -29.3%Unemployment Trust Fund Balance $64,973,976 $64,027,342 $51,931,126 1.5% 25.1%

Source: Produced by the South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation, Unemployment Insurance Division

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Unemployment Insurance Weeks ClaimedSouth Dakota Residents By County

October 2013

Aurora 5 Fall River 53 Marshall 15Beadle 169 Faulk 0 Meade 202Bennett 20 Grant 23 Mellette 21Bon Homme 22 Gregory 19 Miner 9Brookings 125 Haakon 3 Minnehaha 1208Brown 305 Hamlin 30 Moody 19Brule 24 Hand 4 Pennington 883Buffalo 33 Hanson 23 Perkins 4Butte 68 Harding 0 Potter 0Campbell 27 Hughes 102 Roberts 48Charles Mix 57 Hutchinson 26 Sanborn 4Clark 19 Hyde 3 Shannon 271Clay 46 Jackson 23 Spink 24Codington 186 Jerauld 18 Stanley 22Corson 24 Jones 5 Sully 4Custer 124 Kingsbury 23 Todd 217Davison 80 Lake 126 Tripp 20Day 61 Lawrence 170 Turner 38Deuel 20 Lincoln 220 Union 91Dewey 132 Lyman 20 Walworth 19Douglas 3 McCook 12 Yankton 126Edmunds 13 McPherson 16 Ziebach 20

Source: Produced by South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation, Unemployment Insurance Division

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National Economic Indicators

October2013

September2013

October2012

% Change

Last Month

% Change

LastYear

Consumer Price Index 233.5 234.1 231.3 -0.3 1

Nonfarm PayrollEmployment

137.5 136.6 135.2 0.7 1.7

Privately Owned Housing Starts

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Bank Prime Loan Rate 3.25 3.25 3.25 0.0% 0.0%

Click here for definitons.Sources:Consumer Price Index data produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Nonfarm Payroll Employment data produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Privately Owned Housing Starts data produced by the U.S. Census Bureau. The lapse in federal funding affected the data collection schedule for the Survey of Construction, the source of data on new housing units started and completed. Accurate data collection for September and October could not be completed in time for this release. Data on housing units started and completed in September,October and November 2013 will be released on December 18, 2013.Bank Prime Loan Rate data produced by the Federal Reserve Bank .

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